2/4/2017. The Anatomical Position. Body Movement. Anatomical Terminology, Position, and Movement
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1 Anatomical Terminology, Position, and Movement PSK 4U North Grenville DHS S. Kelly The Anatomical Position The starting point for describing ALL anatomical and physiological features Upright, standing Head, eyes, toes forward Feet together (or close) Arms straight, slightly away from side / hips Palms of hands are facing forwards Body Movement All body movement is described in terms of the anatomical plane through which it occurs and the axis of rotation around which it occurs Movements and locations use the anatomical position as a starting point GENERAL RULE: The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of movement (this will probably be mentioned again ) 1
2 Anatomical Planes Anatomical Planes: positions in space Transverse: divides body into superior and inferior segments Median/saggital: divides into medial and lateral segments Frontal/coronal: divides into anterior and posterior segments Anatomical Axes Used to describe rotation of muscles and bones Longitudinal/polar: north-south orientation Horizontal/bilateral/transverse: east-west orientation Antero-posterior: front-to-back orientation Some Basic Relationships Axis of Rotation Horizontal/ Bilateral/Transvers e Longitudinal/Polar Plane of Movement Saggital Transverse Example of Motion Flexion, Extension Rotation of extremities, axial rotation Antero-Posterior Coronal Abduction, adduction 2
3 Some Hints Axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement (still!!) From the anatomical position, - all flexion/extension = saggital plane - abduction/adduction = frontal plane - rotation = transverse plane Complicated movements usually involve more than one plane and axis. Want to hear it explained again? Watch this For the next part of the class, please get a partner For some (if not all) of the location terms and movements we will be going through some landmarking (locating) and some of the movements. Although many of you may learn perfectly well sitting at a desk, we will be going through some bodily/kinesthetic activities to help with retention of the material and to provide you with some context to aid recall and use of new terminology. You will need: partner + 2 different colour pens/pencils Where is it? Location terminology Anterior: (toward the) front surface of body Posterior: (toward the) back surface of body Superior: upward or above Inferior: downward or below Medial: towards (closer to) the midline Lateral: away from (further from) the midline Proximal: towards the point of attachment Distal: further from the point of attachment Superficial: on or close to the surface Deep: under or away from the surface 3
4 Flexion / Extension Flexion: decreasing an angle at a joint Ex: performing a biceps curl angle between forearm and upper arm decreases Extension: increasing an angle at a joint Opposite of flexion Abduction / Adduction, Rotation Abduction: moving a body segment (ex: arm) to the side and away from body Adduction: moving a body segment towards the body (opposite of abduction). Rotation: Twisting or turning a body part AWAY from midline (external/lateral rotation) or TOWARDS midline (internal/medial rotation) Pronation / Supination Pronation: rotating WRIST so that palm faces downwards/backwards Ex: dribbling a basketball Supination: rotating WRIST so that palm faces upwards/forwards Ex: catching a ball below your waist Later, we will cover what this means at the ANKLE (weight-bearing) 4
5 Plantar/Dorsiflexion; Inversion/Eversion Plantar flexion: point toes towards ground (stand on toes) Dorsiflexion: point toes up (towards shin) Inversion: sole of foot pointed in, weight on outside edge of foot Eversion: sole of foot pointed out, weight on inside edge of foot Elevation/Depression, Protraction/Retraction Elevation: raising a body segment to a more superior position Depression: pushing a body segment down to a more inferior position (opposite of elevation) Protraction:moving body segment in an anterior direction Retraction:opposite of protraction (posterior direction) Opposition / Reposition Opposition: Bringing thumb into contact with one of the other 4 digits Combination of flexion, abduction, medial rotation Often described as what differentiates human hand function from that of other animals Reposition: returning the thumb to the anatomical position (combo action) 5
6 What s next? Know these terms, use them, learn them. To help you: check/download/complete the Movements and Planes worksheet located on our website Tomorrow: The Skeletal System part I Friday: Anatomy 1: The Skull Questions? In class or as always 6
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