Unit 11 Cardiovascular: Glossary, Pronunciation, & Construction. Word Pronunciation Definition and Construction

Transcription

1 Unit 11 Cardiovascular: Glossary, Pronunciation, & Construction Word Pronunciation Definition and Construction Aneurysm > an-yur-izm > localized weakening of an arterial wall that enlarges over time. Angina pectoris > an-je-nah pek-toe-ris > literally, chest vessels severe pain in the chest secondary to ischemia of the heart muscle. Angioedema > an-gee-oh-eh-dee-ma > swelling of a large area of capillaries and tissues. Angi/o/edema Angioscotoma > an-gee-sko-toe-ma > visual field defect caused by damage to retinal vessels Aortic > ay-or-tik) > between the left ventricle and the ascending aortic artery Arterioles Arteriorrhexis > ar-tear-ee-or-rek-is > rupture of the artery such as an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Arteriosclerosis > ar-tear-ee-oh-skler-oh-sis > hardening of the arteries. Artery > ar-tur-ee > larger, stronger, more muscular, high pressure blood vessels. Ascending aorta > a-or-tah > upgoing behind the sternum, it turns at the manubrium Atherosclerosis > ath-ur-oh-skler-oh-sis > the main cause of cardiovascular disease Atrial fibrillation (AFib) > fib-ri-lay-zhun > atria are firing in a totally random manner with no relationship to ventricular contraction

2 Atrial flutter (AF) > the squeeze of the atria is NOT followed by a QRS complex (ventricular squeeze) in a rhythmic pattern Atrioventricular > ay-tree-oh-ven-trik-u-lar > (AV) node > way-station for the electrical impulse, it slows it just a bit to allow the ventricles to finish filling Atrium Auscultation > the process of hearing sounds associated with the body Bicuspid or Mitral (my-tral) > between the left atrium and ventricle has two leaflets held by 2-3 chordae tendineae Bradycardia (braid-ee-kar-dee-ah) > slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm Brain natriuretic (nay-tree-you-ret-ik) peptide (BNP) > another protein unique to the heart and brain Bruit (brew-ee) > an abnormal swishing or blowing sound associated with blocked blood vessels. It is the vessels murmur Capillaries Cardiogenic (kar-dee-oh-jen-ik) > of heart origin, there are many sensations and symptoms that may present due to heart health Chordae tendineae (kor-day ten-din-ay) > tiny tendons supported by the papillary muscles and attached to the respective valve to prevent backflow

3 Claudication (klaw-di-kay-shun) > limping seen due to pain in the legs caused by ischemia Diastolic (die-ah-stol-ik) > the ambient resting pressure between heart beats. Echocardiography (ek-oh-kar-dee-oh-graf-ee) > uses high intensity sound waves to review the heart valves and chambers Electrocardiogram (ee-lek-tro-kar-dee-oh-gram) (ECG or EKG) > a record of the electrical action of the heart Embolus is a clot in motion until it gets stuck. Endocarditis (en-doe-kar-die-tis) > inflammation of the inner lining of the heart Gallop (gal-up) > the addition of a third and/or fourth heart sound (S3, S4) because valves are closing off cycle Hemorrhage (hem-or-aj) > flowing blood > the vessel has ruptured (like a pipe) or been cut or torn (injury) and blood is escaping into the surrounding tissues Ischemia > a localized loss of blood due to a mechanical blockage Lipid profile is a blood test that reviews the level of circulating lipid proteins Murmur (mer-mer) > sound created by the rush of blood over a valve or vessel. Incompetent valves or septal defects cause murmurs Myocardial infarction (my-oh-kar-dee-al in-fark-shun) (MI) > death of heart muscle, a heart attack

4 Palpation > the process of touching the body to feeling vibrations or discern pain Palpitations (pal-pee-tay-shuns) > sensation of the force of or irregular heartbeat Papillary muscles (pap-il-lar-ee) > sit on the floor of each ventricle, slight contraction pulls on chordae to keep valves closed under pressure like an umbrella Parietal (pah-rye-et-tal) pericardium folds back on the visceral layer to become the second layer that communicates with the connective tissues of the diaphragm and lungs Pericardial tamponade (tam-poe-nad) > compression of the heart due to fluid and/or blood in the pericardial sac Pericarditis > inflammation of the pericardial sac due to infection or injury Pericardium (pear-ee-kar-dee-um) > pertaining to around the heart. Phlebostasis (fle-bos-tay-sis) > abnormally slow motion of blood in the veins Phlebotomy (fle-bot-oh-me) > to draw blood via a tiny needle cut. Pulmonary (pul-moe-nar-ee) > between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries (2). Regurgitation (ree-gur-je-tay-shun) > the back-up of blood through an incompetent valve, it gurgles Sinoatrial (sigh-no-ay-tree-al) (SA) node > the self-starting electrical tissue that is the normal trigger for the heartbeat

5 Sphygmomanometer (sfig-mo-mah-nom-eh-tur) > comes in hand-held kits, wall-assemblies, and any number of computerized configurations. Systolic (sis-tol-ik) > the contraction of the heart, the squeeze that increases the pressure throughout the arterial system Tachycardia (tak-ee-kar-dee-ah) > fast heart rate, greater than 100 bpm Thready pulse is a weak pulse that is felt only intermittently Thrill > vibration of a heart or vessel felt on palpation. Most associated with a blockage Thrombus is a clot, usually associated with blood or the mixed atherosclerotic plaque. Tricuspid (try-kus-pid) > between the right atrium and ventricle has three leaflets held by 4-6 chordae tendineae Trigeminal rhythm (try-jem-i-nal ri-thum) > cardiac arrhythmia where the QRS occurs in sets of three Troponin (trow-poe-nin) (Tn-I or Tn-L) > muscle protein of troponin I and troponin T increase with cardiac damage Vasoactive (vay-so-ak-tiv) > influencing the size and tone of the vessels Vasodilation (vay-so-die-lay-shun) > an increase in the diameter or caliber of the vessel Vegetations (vej-eh-ta-zhuns) > growing or functioning improperly on structure such as the leaflets of the cardiac valves

6 Veins Venipuncture (ven-i-punk-shur) > to puncture the vein to withdraw blood. Ventricle Ventricular fibrillation (VF or VFib) > life-threatening arrhythmia where the normal impulses that trigger an ordered contraction of the heart muscle become disorganized to the point of the heart is literally quivering Visceral (vis-sur-al) pericardium is the layer that envelopes the heart itself