Goat Nutrition Flavio Ribeiro, Ph.D., PAS

Transcription

1 Gat Nutriti Flavi Ribeir, Ph.D., PAS Research Scietist Cperative Agricultural Research Ceter Prairie View A&M Uiversity May 18, 2017

2 Rumiats Cattle Sheep Gats Deer

3 Rumiats 2.8 billi dmesticated rumiats Cattle, sheep, deer, elk, bis Pregastric fermetati Ability t chew cud at frequet itervals distiguishes true rumiat frm ther fregut fermeters Kagar, clbie mkey are t true rumiats

4 Rumiat Digestive System Fur cmpartmet stmach Reticulum Rume Omasum Abmasum

5 Rumiat Digestive System Surce: Crreia (2007)

6 Reticulum Lcated at the base f the esphagus Heycmb liig N secretis Frmati f fd blus Regurgitati iitiated here Cllects hardware (ails, wire)

7 Reticulum Sice rumiat aimals d t chew their fd whe it is take i, at times freig material like rcks, ails, small pieces f wire, ca be swallwed. While the aimal is chewig its cud freig particles that are heavy are allwed t sik i the reticulum, prevetig may freig particles frm eterig the rest f the digestive system. Oce freig material eters the reticulum, it stays there fr the life f the aimal.

8 Reticulum If eugh f this freig material remais i the reticulum, it may cause damage ad ifecti f the reticulum (hardware disease).

9 Rume Digesti ad fermetati vat Sheep: 5 10 galls depedig size f the aimal Gats: 3 6 galls N secretis Ctais aaerbic micrbes (25-50 billi bacteria/ml fluid) Als prtza, fugi Prduce VFA, prtei Papillae liig Icrease surface area Absrpti f VFA Passive diffusi

10 Rume The largest segmet f the rumiat stmach Fermetati Vlatile fatty acids (VFA) Gases Carb dixide (CO 2 ) Methae (CH 4 ) Gases are remved by the prcess f eructati (belchig)

11 Rume Rumiati helps the breakdw f feeds, particularly rughage, it smaller particles t facilitate fermetati Rumiati r chewig the cud is a characteristic f all rumiats A blus f rume digesta is frmed by muscles at the base f esphagus, regurgitated, ad chewed

12 Rumiat Digestive System

13 Capacity f Digestive Tracts Surce: Sheep Prducti Hadbk (2002)

14 Nutriets Water: Always supply fresh ad clea water A 110 lbs gat shuld drik arud 1-3 galls f water (depedig weather cditis ad diet)

15 Nutriets Carbhydrates Mai surce f dietary eergy Cr is the mst cmm feedstuff added t rumiat diets Gats d t adapt t high grai diets like cattle Acidsis, fuder, uriary calculi ad etc S, gradually icrease grai levels ad maitai a miimum f 12% crude fiber r arud half f the diet as grass, hay r rughage

16 Nutriets Fats Very high i eergy May be added t icrease eergy ctet Sme peple add vegetable il as a tp dress t imprve the cat f the aimal

17 Nutriets Prtei Very imprtat durig the grwig phase Muscle develpmet Rumiat aimals are capable f prducig all essetial ami acids by micrbial fermetati (micrbial prtei)

18 Nutriets Vitamis ad Mierals Mst cmplete feeds have the crrect amut f vitamis ad mierals. Nrmally are fed i very small amuts Vitamis: A, D, E, ad K Mierals: Macr Calcium, Phsphrus, Sdium, Ptassium, etc Micr Ir, cpper, zic, seleium, etc

19 Iteral Parasites Newly purchased gats shuld be dreched immediately fr iteral parasites ad a secd drechig 3 weeks later Iteral parasites are a big prblem i gats T make sure the dewrmer r drech yu use is the crrect e ctact yur veteriaria fr assitace

20 Other Health related issues Etertxemia vaccie Uriary calculi 2:1 Calcium:phsphrus Cccidisis Medicated feed with a cccidistat Rigwrm Pikeye

21 Factrs Affectig Nutriet Requiremets Prductivity Maiteace ad activity level Pregacy Lactati Grwth Bitype Meat, dairy r fiber Purebred r crssbred?

22 Other Factrs Weight Maturity Sex BCS Gals Market Breedig Shwig Pet

23 Imprtat pits t csider Clstrum eeded first hur after birth (passive immuity) Higher requiremet last third f pregacy Higher prtei requiremet durig grwth ad fr larger aimals

24 Feedig yur gat Feed a cmplete feed Yu may start with a starter rati whe yu first get yur gat The yu may gradually shift t a grwer rati Always have free chice hay Gd grass hay ad/r alfalfa ca be used Be careful t t ver feed grai/ccetrate t yur gat

25 Feedig yur gat Feedig t much grai ca cause digestive disrders such as acidsis ad blat Gats will rmally gai betwee ¼ t ½ lbs per day S make sure yu weigh yur gat frequetly

26 Feedig yur gat Hw much prtei? Prir t weaig shuld feed them a 18% prtei Wealigs 16% prtei Grwig t fiishig 14% prtei Shuld feed arud 1 1.5% f BW ccetrate ad % f BW f frage Frage has be fed free chice ad make sure they are csumig at least 0.5 % f their BW

27 BCS Bdy cditi scrig fr gats is a scale f 1 t 5. With 1 beig very thi ad 5 beig bese. (Spahr, 2009) BCS 1 BCS 5

28 BCS N fat cver Spie prmiet ad sharp Trasverse prcess sharp Thi fat cver Spie prmiet ad smth Muscles medium depth Trasverse prcess ruded Mderate fat cver Spie ruded ad smth Muscles full Trasverse prcess smth ad ruded Figers easily pass uder Figers g uder with pressure Figers eed hard pressure t fid eds Cditi 1 - Emaciated Cditi 2 - Thi Cditi 3 - Average Spie detected ly as a lie Spie t detectable; fat dimple ver spie Fat cver thick Muscles full Fat cver very thick Muscles very full Trasverse prcess cat be felt Trasverse prcess t detectable Cditi 4 - Fat Cditi 5 - Obese Adapted frm Bdy Cditi Scrig f Sheep by J.M. Thmps ad H. Meyer (Oreg State Uiversity)

29 BCS

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31 RTU

32 RTU

33 Addig Value d Gat Meat

34 Addig Value d Gat Meat

35 Addig Value d Gat Meat

36 Addig Value d Gat Meat

37 Addig Value d Gat Meat

38 Questis?