Day 1 Discuss activation energy enzyme graph Initial notebook entries Watch enzyme activation energy/enzyme introductory video Begin to brainstorm
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1 Day 1 Discuss activation energy enzyme graph Initial notebook entries Watch enzyme activation energy/enzyme introductory video Begin to brainstorm experimental design ideas
2 Investigating Enzyme Function Cell and Molecular Biology Unit
3 Challenge Question How do ph and temperature affect the function of the enzyme lactase? ENZYME VIDEO
4 Describe what is happening in this diagram.
5 Your data section task: On the first page in your data section, use construction paper and tape to create a lock and key model (diagram) of the enzyme lactase breaking apart a lactose molecule into two smaller compounds: a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule Label the lactase enzyme ( ase typically signifying an enzyme ) and its active site (or binding site) Label the initial substrate lactose which is composed of a glucose and galactose molecule together ( ose typically refers to sugar molecules) Label the final products of the catalyzed reaction Add a caption that distinguishes between the lock and key model and the induced-fit model
6 Designing an Experiment with Yeast Design a controlled experiment that uses yeast a fungus that survives on simple sugars like glucose to determine whether or not lactase (an enzyme) has broken down lactose (milk) into the products of glucose and galactose. Make a hypothesis based on your knowledge and observations of yeast. LACTASE ADDED HERE Yeast + lactose glucose + galactose + water + energy + carbon dioxide (g)
7 Controlled (test) experiment materials Design a controlled (test) experiment to see the effect of lactase on lactose: Test tubes (4) Test tube rack (1) Glucose solution (100 ml) Lactose solution (100 ml) Water (100 ml) Crushed lactase pills enzyme (3) *Your team does not have to use all materials for this controlled test Balloons (4) Yeast (21g pack) 10-mL graduated cylinder (1) 150-mL beakers (2) Marker Masking tape
8 Day 2 Watch bread rise Watch bread explode Form teams and design an enzyme test
9 Designing an Experimental Test with Yeast Design a controlled experiment that uses yeast a fungus that survives on simple sugars like glucose to determine whether or not lactase (an enzyme) has broken down lactose (milk) into the products of glucose and galactose. Make a hypothesis based on your knowledge and observations of yeast. LACTASE ADDED HERE Yeast + lactose glucose + galactose + water + energy + carbon dioxide (g)
10 Experimental Test Materials Design a controlled (test) experiment to see the effect of lactase on lactose: Test tubes (4) Test tube rack (1) Glucose solution (100 ml) Lactose solution (100 ml) Water (100 ml) Crushed lactase pills enzyme (3) *Your team does not have to use all materials for this controlled test Balloons (4) Yeast (21g pack) 10-mL graduated cylinder (1) 150-mL beakers (2) Marker Masking tape
11 Day 3 Perform experimental tests Record observation/collect data
12 Experimental Tests At-a-Glance Set-up (before) experiment Obtain control and experimental materials Label balloons and test tubes before conducting experiment Record initial observations, etc. During experiment Add both the yeast and any liquids at a 45 angle Squeeze the air out of the balloon when capping the test tube Twist balloon at the top and invert to mix liquids Clean-up (after) experiment: Place labeled test tubes in class period rack (or as designated by teacher) Rinse-wash the beakers and graduated cylinders (or as instructed by teacher) Wipe down desk or station surface
13 Day 4 Retrieve experiments/ record observation/collect, analyze, and compare results Thoroughly clean equipment and return materials Watch ph video/discuss living organisms in temperature Begin to design experiment to test enzyme function at various ph levels and temperatures
14 Retrieve Retrieve your experiment Observe and Analyze Results Record Record observations and analyze results Share When instructed, share your results with neighboring teams
15 Equipment Clean-up When instructed, retrieve a team test tube brush Carefully remove the balloons from the test tubes Place used balloons where instructed Empty the contents of the test tubes into the sinks Gently turn the faucet knobs (Please DO NOT have the water at high speed when rinsing and washing the test tubes) Place any cleaned test tube approved by the instructor where instructed Create a table in your data section and record your experimental results
16 Design Two Controlled Experiments to test the effectiveness of lactase on lactose at various levels of ph and a few different temperatures Each experiment must have: A hypothesis regarding the function of lactase on lactose in each condition A control group for each experiment Three experimental groups All variables be the same throughout the experiment EXCEPT for one variable the independent variable
17 Controlled Experiment Materials Design a controlled (test) experiment to see the effect of lactase on lactose in varying conditions: Test tubes (4) Test tube rack (1) Glucose solution (100 ml) Lactose solution (100 ml) Crushed lactase pills enzyme (4) Buffer solutions of ph at 4, 6, 8, 10 Hot plate Balloons (4) Yeast (21g pack) 10-mL graduated cylinder (1) 150-mL beakers (2) Marker Masking tape
18 Day 5 Collect ph and temperature experimental designs Design team ph and temperature experimental procedures Enter ph and temperatures experimental designs into notebook Complete enzyme mystery Record AQs and complete summary
19 Design Two Controlled Experiments to test the effectiveness of lactase on lactose at various levels of ph and a few different temperatures Each experiment must have: A hypothesis regarding the function of lactase on lactose in each condition A control group for each experiment Three experimental groups All variables be the same throughout the experiment EXCEPT for one variable the independent variable
20 Controlled Experiment Materials Design a controlled (test) experiment to see the effect of lactase on lactose in varying ocndtions: Test tubes (4) Test tube rack (1) Glucose solution (100 ml) Lactose solution (100 ml) Crushed lactase pills enzyme (4) Buffer solutions of ph at 4, 6, 8, 10 Hot plate Balloons (4) Yeast (21g pack) 10-mL graduated cylinder (1) 150-mL beakers (2) Marker Masking tape
21 Analysis Questions 1. What is the relationship between lactose and lactase? 2. What evidence did you have from your initial tests indicated that lactase was functioning the way we expected? 3. Identify the control groups from your team s ph and temperature experiments. 4. How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?
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