Diffusion and Osmosis
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1 Diffusion and Osmosis
2 Keywords Diffusion Osmosis Selectively permeable Turgor Pressure Keywords Visking Tubing Food preservation
3 Selectively Permeable membranes Selectively permeable membrane allows some but not all substances to pass through. Examples: Water, oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through. Proteins, sugar and salts do not pass through freely.
4 Selectively Permeable membrane
5 Cell components containing membranes Cell membrane Mitochondria membrane Chloroplast membrane Nucleus membrane
6 Diffusion Diffusion is when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Examples of diffusion: Smell of perfume Unpleasant smell of stink bomb Food colouring in water
7 Diffusion in a liquid Diffusion is a passive process (does not require energy).
8 Example of diffusion in the lungs
9 Example of diffusion in the leaf Carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere and into the leaf. Oxygen diffuses from the leaf into the atmosphere.
10 Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane
11 Videos on diffusion and osmosis Osmosis YouTube Osmosis demonstration with a raw egg YouTube Osmosis in the kitchen - YouTube
12 Why is osmosis a special type of diffusion? Osmosis is also a passive process. Osmosis only includes the movement of water only from a high to a low concentration across a semi permeable membrane.
13 Osmosis
14 Osmosis and food preservation Bacteria and fungi cause food to decay. Osmosis prevents micro-organisms from decaying food. Example of food preservation: Sugar in Jam Salting Meat
15 Food preservation and osmosis How does it works: Salted meat causes the micro organisms on the meat to lose water and die due to osmosis Jam containing sugar also has the same effect.
16 Salting Meat
17 Osmosis and animal cells Many animals that live in the sea have cytoplasm with a similar concentration to sea water (This prevents the sea creatures from losing water). Kidneys ensure the plasma (liquid part of blood) has the same concentration as our blood cells.
18 Animal cells living in high water concentration (low solute concentration) Animal cell will gain water due to osmosis. Animal cell will enlarge, burst and die. Fresh water Animal cell
19 Amoeba living in fresh water (high water concentration) Amoeba prevent from bursting and dying when living in fresh water by using their contractile vacuole. The contractile vacuole expels water out from the amoeba (known as osmoregulation).
20 Animals cells in low water concentration (high solute concentration) Animal cell in a concentrated solution (low water concentration), it will lose water due to osmosis. Animal cell will shrivel (crenation) and maybe die.
21 Learning check What surrounds an animal cell? How does water move in and out of an animal cell? What will happen to animal cells in a very dilute (watery) solution? What will happen to animal cells in a very concentrated solution?
22 Osmosis and plant cells Cell walls are fully permeable to water, gases and solutes (salts and sugars).
23 Plant cells in less concentrated solution (high water concentration) Water moves into cell by osmosis (e.g roots). Cell wall prevents the cell from swelling and bursting (Turgor pressure). Turgor pressure gives a plant great strength. This is how the roots absorb water due to osmosis.
24 Plant cells in less concentrated solution (high water concentration) This is how the roots absorb water due to osmosis
25 Turgor Pressure Turgor pressure occurs when there is pressure of the cytoplasm and vacuole against the cell wall of a plant. Turgor pressure gives the plant strength and support.
26 Videos on Turgor pressure Turgor Pressure in effect YouTube Osmosis in plants (Red Onion) - YouTube
27 Plant cells in more concentrated solution (low water concentration) Water moves out of the cell due to osmosis. The cell shrivels and loses turgor pressure (known as plasmolysis). The cell is now flaccid (limp).
28 Plant cells in more concentrated solution (low water concentration) Plasmolysis: loss of water from the cytoplasm of the cell. Plant is now wilted. Plants can be deplasmolysis by placing it in water.
29 To demonstrate osmosis Visking tubing is a selectively permeable membrane. Add sucrose and water to one visking tubing using a syringe. Add distilled water to other visking tubing (control). Rinse each visking tubing with water to remove any sucrose on outside of tubing. Find the mass of each visking tubing using an electric balance. Note the fullness of each visking tubing.
30
31 Results Visking tubing with distilled water (control) shows no change in its mass or fullness. Visking tubing containing sucrose and water gained in mass and fullness. Water entered the visking tubing due to osmosis.
32 How does this experiment demonstrate osmosis? Add this Visking tubing into a solution of iodine solution. What happens to the colour of the starch inside the visking tubing? Iodine Solution
33 Exam Question 2008, Question 14c:
34 Solutions 2008, Question 14c:
35 Exam Questions 2010, Question 14c:
36 Exam Question 2011, Question 14c:
37 Exam Paper 2013, Question 5:
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