B.4B Cellular Processes

Transcription

1 B.4B Cellular Processes Picture Vocabulary

2 homeostasis The process of maintaining a constant state of balance

3 cell membrane Cell part surrounding the cytoplasm and is also a barrier between the inside and the outside; regulates what enters and leaves the cell in order to maintain homeostasis

4 diffusion The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy. The particles will continue to move until they are evenly dispersed.

5 osmosis The diffusion of water across a membrane

6 hypotonic solution A solution in which the solute outside the cell is lower than the solute inside the cell

7 hypertonic solution A solution in which the solute is higher than the solute inside of the cell

8 isotonic solution A solution in which the solute is equal to the solute inside of the cell

9 facilitative diffusion Process of transporting substances across the cell membrane with the help of a carrier protein and a concentration gradient; does not require the use of energy

10 active transport The movement of substances across the membrane that requires the use of energy; moves against the concentration gradient

11 photosynthesis The process in which autotrophic cells convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose

12 cellular respiration (cell respiration) The process in which cells convert the chemical energy from glucose into the energy storage molecule of ATP

13 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) A molecule that stores the energy that powers the cells

14 nucleotide The monomer of nucleic acids; composed of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous bases

15 codon Three adjacent nitrogen bases of mrna that code for an amino acid

16 nucleic acid A biomolecule composed of nucleotides and carries the genetic information of an organism

17 hydrolysis The chemical process in which water molecules are added to break the bonds of a polymer

18 ribosome Responsible for protein synthesis; part of cell that contains RNA; consists of proteins

19 amino acid Molecule that contains an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain specific to each amino acid

20 protein A biomolecule composed of amino acids connected by peptide bonds

21 endoplasmic reticulum 2011 Organelle where synthesis of new lipid or protein molecules occurs; may be rough or smooth Rice University All Rights Reserved

22 metabolism All of the physical and chemical processes that occur within an organism

23 concentration gradient A difference in the amount of substance on two sides of a barrier

24 osmotic pressure The pressure produced as water flows through a semi-permeable membrane

25 passive transport Movement across a cell membrane without using energy

26 semi-permeable (selectively permeable) Allowing only some materials to pass through a membrane

27 turgor pressure The pressure inside a cell that is exerted against the cell wall by water

28 exocytosis Cellular excretion

29 mitochondrion (mitochondria) 2011 Organelle where energy is produced during cellular respiration; the power house of the cell Rice University All Rights Reserved

30 organelle A structure within a cell