IntroducMon to bioenergemcs
|
|
- Theodora Oliver
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BIOQUÍMICA E BIOLOGIA CELULAR António Ascensão, José Magalhães IntroducMon to bioenergemcs Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, 1º Ciclo, 1º Ano 2012_2013
2 Aims 1. Define the following terms: (1) endergonic reac+ons, (2) exergonic reac+ons, (3) coupled reac+ons, and (4) bioenerge+cs. 2. Describe the role of enzymes as catalysts in cellular chemical reacmons. 3. List and discuss the nutrients that are used as fuels. 4. IdenMfy the high- energy phosphates.
3 Aims 6. Discuss the biochemical pathways involved in anaerobic ATP producmon. 7. Discuss the aerobic producmon of ATP. 8. Describe the general scheme used to regulate metabolic pathways involved in bioenergemcs. 9. Discuss the interacmon between aerobic and anaerobic ATP producmon. 10. IdenMfy the enzymes that are considered rate limimng in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
4 Outline Biological Energy Transforma2on Cellular Chemical Reac+ons Oxida+on- Reduc+on Reac+ons Enzymes Fuels for Exercise Carbohydrates Fats Proteins High-Energy Phosphates Bioenergetics Anaerobic ATP Production Aerobic ATP production Aerobic ATP Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation Control of Bioenergetics Control of ATP-PC System Control of Glycolysis Control of Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain Interaction Between Aerobic/Anaerobic ATP Production
5 General concepts and nomons Metabolism Sum of all chemical reacmons that occur in the body Anabolic reacmons Synthesis of molecules Catabolic reacmons Breakdown of molecules BioenergeMcs ConverMng foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) into energy
6 General concepts and nomons Study of molecular structures and events underlying biological processes RelaMonship between genes and cellular characterismcs they control Genes code for specific cellular proteins Process of protein synthesis Exercise training results in modificamons in protein synthesis Strength training results in increased synthesis of muscle contracmle protein Molecular biology provides tools for understanding the cellular response to exercise
7 Steps leading to protein synthesis 1. DNA contains information to produce proteins. 2. Transcription produces mrna. 3. mrna leaves nucleus and binds to ribosome. 4. Amino acids are carried to the ribosome by trna. 5. In translation, mrna is used to determine the arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
8 Cellular chemical reacmons Endergonic reacmons Require energy to be added Endothermic Exergonic reacmons Release energy Exothermic Coupled reacmons LiberaMon of energy in an exergonic reacmon drives an endergonic reacmon
9 Glucose breakdown as an exergonic reacmon
10 Coupled reacmons The energy given off by the exergonic reaction powers the endergonic reaction
11 OxidaMon- reducmon reacmons OxidaMon Removing an electron ReducMon AddiMon of an electron OxidaMon and reducmon are always coupled reacmons Ofen involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons Hydrogen atom contains one electron A molecule that loses a hydrogen also loses an electron and therefore is oxidized Importance of NAD and FAD
12 OxidaMon- reducmon reacmons involving NAD and NADH
13 Enzymes Catalysts that regulate the speed of reacmons Lower the energy of acmvamon Factors that regulate enzyme acmvity Temperature ph Interact with specific substrates Lock and key model
14 Enzymes Enzymes lower the energy of activation
15 The Lock- and- Key Model of Enzyme AcMon a) Substrate (sucrose) approaches the active site on the enzyme. b) Substrate fits into the active site, forming enzyme-substrate complex. c) The enzyme releases the products (glucose and fructose).
16 DiagnosMc Value of Measuring Enzyme AcMvity in the Blood Damaged cells release enzymes into the blood Enzyme levels in blood indicate disease or Mssue damage DiagnosMc applicamon Elevated lactate dehydogenase or creamne kinase in the blood may indicate a myocardial infarcmon
17 ClassificaMon of Enzymes Oxidoreductases Catalyze oxidamon- reducmon reacmons Transferases Transfer elements of one molecule to another Hydrolases Cleave bonds by adding water Lyases Groups of elements are removed to form a double bond or added to a double bond Isomerases Rearrangement of the structure of molecules Ligases Catalyze bond formamon between substrate molecules
18 ClassificaMon of Enzymes
19 Factors That Alter Enzyme AcMvity Temperature ph Small rise in body temperature increases enzyme acmvity Exercise results in increased body temperature Changes in ph reduces enzyme acmvity LacMc acid produced during exercise
20 The Effect of Body Temperature on Enzyme AcMvity
21 The Effect of ph on Enzyme AcMvity
22 Macromolecules - Carbohydrates Glucose Blood sugar Glycogen Storage form of glucose in liver and muscle Synthesized by enzyme glycogen synthase Glycogenolysis Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
23 Macromolecules - Fats Fajy acids Primary type of fat used by the muscle Triglycerides Storage form of fat in muscle and adipose Mssue Breaks down into glycerol and fajy acids Phospholipids Not used as an energy source Steroids Derived from cholesterol Needed to synthesize sex hormones
24 Macromolecules - Proteins Composed of amino acids Some can be converted to glucose in the liver Gluconeogenesis Others can be converted to metabolic intermediates Contribute as a fuel in muscle Overall, protein is not a primary energy source during exercise
25 BioenergeMcs FormaMon of ATP PhosphocreaMne (PC) breakdown DegradaMon of glucose and glycogen Glycolysis OxidaMve formamon of ATP Anaerobic pathways Do not involve O 2 PC breakdown and glycolysis Aerobic pathways Require O 2 OxidaMve phosphorylamon
26 Overview of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism
27 Anaerobic ATP ProducMon ATP- PC system Immediate source of ATP Glycolysis Glucose 2 pyruvic acid or 2 lacmc acid Energy investment phase Requires 2 ATP Energy generamon phase Produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate or 2 lactate
Bioenergetics. Chapter 3. Objectives. Objectives. Introduction. Photosynthesis. Energy Forms
Objectives Chapter 3 Bioenergetics Discuss the function of cell membrane, nucleus, & mitochondria Define: endergonic, exergonic, coupled reactions & bioenergetics Describe how enzymes work Discuss nutrients
More informationMicrobial Metabolism
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Microbial Metabolism The sum total of chemical reactions that take place within cells (of an organism) Metabolic
More informationKrebs cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
BIOQUÍMICA E BIOLOGIA CELULAR António Ascensão, José Magalhães Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, 1º Ciclo, 1º Ano 2011_2012
More informationIn glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic
Glycolysis 1 In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic glycolysis. If this pyruvate is converted instead
More informationMetabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes
Topics Microbial Metabolism Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 2 Metabolism Catabolism Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Breakdown of complex organic molecules in order to extract energy and dform simpler
More informationOAT Biology - Problem Drill 03: Cell Processes - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
OAT Biology - Problem Drill 03: Cell Processes - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration Question No. 1 of 10 1. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? Question #01 (A) NADH (B) Mitochondria
More informationHow Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of
More informationCh. 9 Cellular Respira,on BIOL 222
Ch. 9 Cellular Respira,on BIOL Energy Arrives as sunlight Photosynthesis Energy ECOSYSTEM Light energy Plants capture sunlight organic molecules and generates O Carbs used in cellular respira@on CO + H
More informationEnergy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy
Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular work (ATP) 3. Importance of electrons and
More informationEnzymes and Metabolism
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Enzymes and Metabolism Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb 1 Protein Macromolecules composed of combinations
More informationMetabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose
8/29/11 Metabolism Chapter 5 All of the reactions in the body that require energy transfer. Can be divided into: Cell Respiration and Metabolism Anabolism: requires the input of energy to synthesize large
More informationCellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy A. Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose Lecture Series 12 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy B. An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose
More informationCh. 9 Cellular Respira,on BIOL 222
Ch. 9 Cellular Respira,on BIOL Energy Arrives as sunlight Photosynthesis Energy ECOSYSTEM Light energy Plants capture sunlight organic molecules and generates O Carbs used in cellular respira@on CO + H
More informationIntroduction to Carbohydrate metabolism
Introduction to Carbohydrate metabolism Some metabolic pathways of carbohydrates 1- Glycolysis 2- Krebs cycle 3- Glycogenesis 4- Glycogenolysis 5- Glyconeogenesis - Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) - Curi
More informationMajor Pathways in Carbohydrate Metabolism
Major Pathways in Carbohydrate Metabolism 70 Stage 1: Digestion of Carbohydrates In Stage 1, the digestion of carbohydrates Begins in the mouth where salivary amylase breaks down polysaccharides to smaller
More informationBiochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins),
More informationChapter 5 Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life
Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The Metabolism of Microbes metabolism all chemical
More informationChemical Energy. Valencia College
9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of
More informationWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
CHAPTER 3 ESSENTIALS OF METABOLISM WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? It is important to have a basic understanding of metabolism because it governs the survival and growth of microorganisms The growth of microorganisms
More informationMetabolism. Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic balancing act. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes. Topics. Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis
Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 1 2 Metabolic balancing act Catabolism and anabolism simple model Catabolism Enzymes
More informationEnzymes what are they?
Topic 11 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 1 Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 2 Metabolic balancing act Catabolism Enzymes involved in breakdown of complex
More informationChapter 8. Metabolism. Topics in lectures 15 and 16. Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis
Chapter 8 Topics in lectures 15 and 16 Metabolism Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis 1 Metabolism Chemical Foundations Enzymes REDOX Catabolism Pathways Anabolism Principles and pathways 2 Enzymes
More informationMetabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016
5//016 Metabolism Metabolism All the biochemical reactions occurring in the body Generating, storing and expending energy ATP Supports body activities Assists in constructing new tissue Metabolism Two
More informationA cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds.
Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Energy and carbon sources in living cells 2. Sources of cellular ATP 3. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular
More informationOVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins), are our only source
More information7/5/2014. Microbial. Metabolism. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying. Metabolism. Metabolism: Overview
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism Metabolism C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Collection
More informationBiol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy to form ATP Cellular Respiration and Metabolism Glucose ATP Pyruvate Lactate Acetyl CoA NAD + Introducing The Players primary substrate for cellular respiration
More informationMicrobiology AN INTRODUCTION
TORTORA FUNKE CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 5, part A Microbial Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbial
More informationMicrobial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Big Picture: Metabolism Metabolism is the buildup and breakdown of nutrients
More informationAerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration. 1. Glycolysis 2. Oxidation of Pyruvate and Krebs Cycle
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Student Packet SUMMARY ALL LIVING SYSTEMS REQUIRE CONSTANT INPUT OF FREE ENERGY Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway in which glucose and other organic fuels (such as starch,
More information2/25/2013. The Mechanism of Enzymatic Action
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Metabolism: The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Catabolism:
More informationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,
More informationChapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy
Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 7.1 Mighty Mitochondria More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many of those afflicted die young
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 25 Metabolism and Nutrition Metabolic Reactions Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions taking place in the body. Reactions that break
More informationConcept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Several processes are central to cellular respiration and related pathways
Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants Energy
More informationHow Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.)
How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) 7.1 How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Sugars? In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first transfer it to ATP The energy transfer
More informationMetabolism of proteins and amino acids
BIOQUÍMICA E BIOLOGIA CELULAR António Ascensão, José Magalhães Metabolism of proteins and amino acids Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, 1º Ciclo, 1º Ano 202_2013 Humans degradation of ingested
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a. A cell does three main kinds of work: i. Mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, and movement
More informationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,
More informationCh. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)
Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19
More information3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How are these two images related?
3.7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION How are these two images related? CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular respiration is the process whereby the body converts the energy that we get from food (glucose) into an energy form
More informationCELLULAR RESPIRATION. Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy SUMMARY EQUATION
AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 NAME DATE HOUR CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: Reduction: Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12
More informationGLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels
GLYCOLYSIS Generation of ATP from Metabolic Fuels - Catabolic process degradative pathway - Energy stored in sugars (carbohydrates) released to perform biological work - Transforms GLUCOSE to PYRUVATE
More informationReading Assignments. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. gasoline) or elevated mass.
Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14
More informationFoundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 8 An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
More informationUnit 2: Metabolic Processes
How is energy obtained biologically? Recall: Red Ox Reactions Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Oxidation Is the chief mechanism by which chemical potential energy is released This energy comes from reduced
More informationChapter 5. Microbial Metabolism
Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Metabolism Collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe Ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism Metabolic Processes
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
CHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Metabolism Bioenergetics is the transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems The direction and extent to which a chemical reaction
More informationChapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation*
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Life Is Work
More informationMetabolism. Topic 11&12 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic Balancing Act. Topics. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes
Topic 11&12 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 1 Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 2 Metabolic Balancing Act Catabolism Enzymes involved in breakdown of complex
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
More informationWhat is Glycolysis? Breaking down glucose: glyco lysis (splitting sugar)
What is Glycolysis? Breaking down glucose: glyco lysis (splitting sugar) Most ancient form of energy capture. Starting point for all cellular respiration. Inefficient: generates only 2 ATP for every 1
More informationMicrobial Metabolism (Chapter 5) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus
Microbial Metabolism (Chapter 5) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus Primary Source for figures and content: Tortora, G.J. Microbiology An Introduction
More informationMETABOLISM Biosynthetic Pathways
METABOLISM Biosynthetic Pathways Metabolism Metabolism involves : Catabolic reactions that break down large, complex molecules to provide energy and smaller molecules. Anabolic reactions that use ATP energy
More informationBioenergetics: Energy for Exercise. Chapter 3 pp 28-47
Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise Chapter 3 pp 28-47 ATP ATP Adenosine Ribose 3 Phosphates ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP Energy Out ADP + P ATP ATP Energy Out ADP + P ATP ATP Energy Out Energy In
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with
More informationATP ATP. Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy. The point is to make ATP!
ellular Respiration Harvesting hemical Energy 1 The point is to make! 2 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Heterotrophs eat these organic molecules
More informationCarbohydrate Metabolism
Chapter 34 Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism is important for both plants and animals. Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 10e John Wiley & Sons, Inc Morris Hein, Scott Pattison,
More informationMembranes: Membranes:
Membranes: organize the chemical activities of cells by organizing different metabolic processes Control the flow of substances into or out of the cell The plasma membrane of the cell is selectively permeable
More informationHow Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 8
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 8 Impacts, Issues: When Mitochondria Spin Their Wheels More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration
More informationCellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this!
Cellular Respiration LISA Biology Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 - - - - - > 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy You need to know this! Heat + ATP 1 Did that equation look familiar? * The equation for cellular
More informationRespiration 30/04/2013. Dr.M.R.Vaezi K., Hakim Sabzevari University
Respiration Metabolism - the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. It is comprised of: anabolism synthesis of molecules, requires input of energy catabolism break down of molecules,
More informationChem Lecture 8 Carbohydrate Metabolism Part I: Glycolysis
Chem 352 - Lecture 8 Carbohydrate Metabolism Part I: Glycolysis Introduction Carbohydrate metabolism involves a collection of pathways. Glycolysis Hexoses 3-Carbon molecules Gluconeogenesis 3-Carbon molecules
More informationCellular Respiration Stage 1: Glycolysis (Ch. 6)
Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Glycolysis (Ch. 6) What s the point? The point is to make! 2007-2008 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Heterotrophs
More informationCellular Respira,on. Topic 3.7 and 3.8
Cellular Respira,on Topic 3.7 and 3.8 Defini,on of cellular respira,on Controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP Chemical energy is stored in covalent bonds Cells break down organic
More informationChapter 8. Metabolism. Topics in lectures 15 and 16. Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis
Chapter 8 Topics in lectures 15 and 16 Metabolism Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis 1 Metabolism Chemical Foundations Enzymes REDOX Catabolism Pathways Anabolism Principles and pathways 2 Chemical
More information10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work Energy stored in the
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (heat and ATP) 1. Energy Capacity to move or change matter Forms of energy are important to life include Chemical, radiant (heat
More informationName Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of "food"
Name Class Date Cell Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates,
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY. There are 4 major types of organic compounds each with unique characteristics: A. CARBOHYDRATES Contain,, and. Ratio of H:O is always
BIOCHEMISTRY All organic compounds must contain and Are the following organic? Why or why not? H2O CO2 CH4 There are 4 major types of organic compounds each with unique characteristics: A. CARBOHYDRATES
More information4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5
1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced
More informationWhat s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP
2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There s got to be a better way!
More informationTutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain
Tutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain Goals: To be able to describe the overall catabolic pathways for food molecules. To understand what bonds are hydrolyzed in the digestion
More informationCellular Respiration Other Metabolites & Control of Respiration. AP Biology
Cellular Respiration Other Metabolites & Control of Respiration Cellular respiration: Beyond glucose: Other carbohydrates: Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates fuels. polysaccharides glucose
More informationIndependent Study Guide Metabolism I. Principles of metabolism (section 6.1) a. Cells must: (figure 6.1) i. Synthesize new components
Independent Study Guide Metabolism I. Principles of metabolism (section 6.1) a. Cells must: (figure 6.1) i. Synthesize new components (anabolism/biosynthesis) ii. Harvest energy and convert it to a usable
More informationBIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology
BIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology The Marathon If somebody challenged you to a run a race, how should you prepare to win? 1. Practice 2. Eat the right foods 3. Drink the right liquids Energy All living
More information7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More information7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of Glucose Metabolism? How Is Energy Harvested
More informationCellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP
Cellular Respiration Notes Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP Energy Releasing Pathways Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored
More informationChapter 5-7, 10. Read P , , and
Chapter 5-7, 10 Read P. 75-82, 91-100, 107-117 and 173-185 Introduction to Metabolism and Enzymes Catabolic reactions (also called catabolism ) break down larger, more complex molecules into smaller molecules
More informationAP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration =
1 AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = Day 1 p. I. Overview A. Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration breathing, exchange of O 2 for CO 2 2. Cellular respiration aerobic harvesting of energy from food
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are exergonic and considered catabolic pathways. Fermentation: partial degradation of sugars that occurs
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide Chapter 12 12.1 Identify and differentiate between macronutrients (lipids, amino acids and saccharides) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Master Tutor Section
More informationIII. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular
III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways
More informationChapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other
More informationCh 07. Microbial Metabolism
Ch 07 Microbial Metabolism SLOs Differentiate between metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. Fully describe the structure and function of enzymes. Differentiate between constitutive and regulated enzymes.
More informationWhat s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP
ATP Chapter 8 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Energy is stored in organic compounds Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Heterotrophs eat
More informationCELLULAR RESPIRATION. Glycolysis
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glycolysis Sources of Energy Carbohydrates glucose most usable source of energy cells turn to other fuels only if glucose supplies have been depleted stored in glycogen (animal) &
More informationCHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
CHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 24: Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein Metabolism Learning Objectives: q Role in
More informationATP. Principles of Energy Harvest. Chapter 9~ The point is to make ATP! Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. What s the point?
Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy What s the point? The point is to make! 2006-2007 Principles of Energy Harvest Catabolic pathway Fermentation Cellular Respiration C6H126 + 62
More informationCELLULAR METABOLISM. Metabolic pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or spiral
CHM333 LECTURE 24 & 25: 3/27 29/13 SPRING 2013 Professor Christine Hrycyna CELLULAR METABOLISM What is metabolism? - How cells acquire, transform, store and use energy - Study reactions in a cell and how
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Light energy ECOSYSTEM. Organic molecules CO 2 + H 2 O
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2
More informationCellular Respira,on. Topic 3.7 and 3.8
Cellular Respira,on Topic 3.7 and 3.8 Defini,on of cellular respira,on Controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP Cells break down organic compounds by SLOW oxida,on Chemical energy
More informationChapter 24 Lecture Outline
Chapter 24 Lecture Outline Carbohydrate Lipid and Protein! Metabolism! In the catabolism of carbohydrates, glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, which is then metabolized into acetyl CoA. Prepared
More informationChapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece The
More informationChapter 8. An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism The metabolism of microbes Metabolism sum of all chemical reactions that help cells function Two types of chemical reactions: Catabolism -degradative;
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and
More information