The organisation of the. human body
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1 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS The organisation of the Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 human body CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS
2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Glossary Scurvy (vitamin C) Beforehand Strand To flatten Focus knobs Dotted Parchment paper Lining (revestimiento) Spindle (huso) CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS
3 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Glossary Stained (teñido) Smear /ia/(frotis) Bruise /u/ (moratón) Blood clot (coágulo) Plug (enchufe, tapón) Seal (foca, sellar) CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS
4 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS UNIT 1 The organisation of the human body Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology Are the different degrees of complexity in which living matter is structured Levels of organisation
5 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Atoms join together through chemical bonds and form molecules (biomolecules) The most essential bioelements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur (primary bioelements) Atomic level
6 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Atoms join together through chemical bonds and form molecules (biomolecules) The most essential bioelements are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus(p) and sulphur (S) (primary bioelements) Secondary bioelements are present in lesser quantities: Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl) Trace elements or oligoelements: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Silicon (Si) Atomic level
7 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation What is the most abundant element found in living things? What about biomolecules? Atomic level
8 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Inorganic biomolecules Biomolecules Organic biomolecules Molecular level
9 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Inorganic biomolecules (water, carbon dioxide, mineral salts) It is present either in living beings and inert matter Organims Water (%) Adult 63 Snail 80 Jellyfish 95 Algae 98 Fungus 91 Lichen 55 Seed 14 Molecular level
10 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Organic biomolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid) To Tell the difference between organic and inorganic biomolecules Molecular level
11 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Water : Main component of living beings
12 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Lipids The main biological functions are storing energy and acting as estructural component of cells membrane, e.g fats, waxes, oils, vitamins Proteins perform many functions, support or scaffolding of cells, actin and myosin in muscle Carbohydrates have energetic and structural function; e.g glucose, cellulose, starch Nucleic acids store genetic information; e.g DNA and RNA Organic biomolecules
13 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Biomolecules Functions Examples Organic molecules (unique to living things, its main element is carbon) Carbohydrates Lipids Provide instant energy Glucose, lactose, sucrose Store energy for future needs Fats, waxes, cholesterol Proteins Form structures such as hair, skin, muscle Haemoglobin, collagen, keratin Nucleic acids Contain genetic information responsible for the functioning of the cell Inorganic molecules (also in non-living things) Water Thermal regulator, transports substances Biomolecules
14 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Glucose is a carbohydrate also called blood sugar Cholesterol is a lipid, a constituent of the cell membrane Organic biomolecules
15 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Haemoglobin is a protein which transports oxygen in red blood cells Organic biomolecules
16 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS Essential Natural Science 1 Biology and Geology UNIT 1 Levels of organisation Cellulose is a carbohydrate in plant cells Organic biomolecules
17 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS Cellular level ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Types of cells Eukaryotic cells The genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus. Cells are the first level capable of life Biomolecules join together to form cells nucleus Plant cell Animal cell
18 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The cell the basic unit of living things Unit 1 Organism level Most of the cells have in common: plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleic acid
19 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The cell the basic unit of living things Unit 1 What are cells made up of?
20 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS Cellular level What are cells made up of? ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Plant cell
21 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS Cellular level What are cells made up of? ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Animal cell
22 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES Cellular level LINKS What are cells made up of? ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Labeled cell plant diagrame
23 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES Cell structure LINKS The human cell What are cells made up of? Function ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 1.Cell wall (plant cells) Support 2.Cell membrane /the plasma membrane Cell boundary : transport, interaction 3. The cytoplasm Contains the organelles, metabolism (fermentation, oxidation) 3. The cell nucleus /Nucleus Protects DNA, control cell 4. The nuclear envelope Regulates the passege of substances 5. Chromatin Coils up and forms chromosomes (strands of DNA) 6. Nucleolus Make ribosomes
24 Vital functions
25 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The cell the basic unit of living things Unit 1 Chromatin Nucleolus Nuclear envelope A close-up of the nucleus of a cell
26 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The Human cell ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 A close-up of the nucleus of a cell
27 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The cell the basic unit of living things Unit 1 What are cells made up of?
28 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 What are cells made up of? Cell Organelles Function 1.Ribosomes 2.The Rough endoplasmic reticulum 3.The Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4.The Golgi apparatus Protein synthesis (manufactures the cell s proteins) Stores and transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus Stores lipids, eliminates toxins Packages substances and transportes them through vesicles 5. Vesicles Store waste and substances
29 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 Parts of the cell (RER) Rough ER has that name because, under the microscope, it looks like it has a bunch of little bumps. Those are, in fact, ribosomes attached to the membrane. The major function of the rough ER is to synthesize/translate proteins. The RER works closely with the Golgi apparatus to make sure proteins fulfill their destinies.
30 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 Parts of the cell (SER) SER has not ribosomes. Its main function is to synthesis lipids (fats) and eliminate toxines (in liver)
31 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Packages and stores proteins
32 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 What are cells made up of?
33 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 What are cells made up of? Organelles 6.Chloroplast (only plant cells) Function Photosynthesis 7. Mitochondrion Cellular respiration 8. Lysosomes Clean up 9. Flagellum Motion 10. Cilia Motion 11. The cytoskeleton It provides structural support to the organelles, gives the cell its shape 12. The centrioles Direct the chromosomes separation, involve in creating structures
34 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 Parts of the cell
35 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS Cellular respiration ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Waste products mitochondrion Unit 10
36 ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The functions of cell organelles and other structures Unit 1 Cellular respiration Cellular respiration takes place in the cell All living beings carry out this process to obtein usable energy (ATP) Mitochondrion is the organelle where this process occurs
37 Direct the separation of the chromosomes
38 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES LINKS The cell variety and differentiation ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2 Unit 1 Cellular level Differentiation is a process in which the shape and structure of cell changes in order to enable it to perform a specific function
39 3. Tissues in the human body A tissue is a group of cells specialised in the same function. Types: Epithelial Muscle Nervous Connective Epithelial tissue (epithelium): 1. Covering epithelium: mucous membrane lines cavities, endothelial lining of blood vessels, epidermis the outermost layer of the skin 2. Glandular epithelium
40 Tissues in the human body
41 Tissues in the human body
42 Tissues in the human body Sebaceous glands Sweat glands
43 Tissues in the human body
44 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Muscle tissue It is made up of elongated cells called muscle fibres. These fibres are contractile. Skeletal muscles Cardiac muscle (myocardium) Smooth muscle (organs)
45 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Muscle tissue
46 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Nervous tissue Nervous tissue Neurons (perceive and react to stimuli) Glial cells (allongside the neurons, protection)
47 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom
48 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Connective tissue Connective tissue 1. Connective tissue proper (organs, ligaments, tendons) 2. Cartilage (ears, trachea, joints) 3. Adipose tissue 4. Bone tissue 5. Blood
49 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Connective tissue Connective tissue Connective tissue proper (organs, ligaments, tendons) The cells are arranged irregularly and are surrounded by lots of fibres
50 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Connective tissue Cartilage tissue It is flexible and strong(ears, trachea and joints) The cells (chondrocyte) are small and egg-shaped. They are arranged in groups of three or four
51 Essential Natural Science 1 King oyster mushroom Connective tissue Adipose tissue It is the body largest energy reserve and provides insulation from the cold. The cells (adipocytes) are large and round. They are arranged very close together.
52 King oyster mushroom White adipose tissue (WAT) It contains a single large drop of lipid, few mitochondria. Bad fats Stores excess energy as triglycerides, releases fatty acids during fasting periods. Secretes adipose derived hormones, that regulate insulin sensitivity and satiety Brown adipose tissue (BAT) Essential Natural Science 1 It contains lots of tiny lipids (droplets), rich in mitochondria. These mitochondria contains iron Good fats Play a role in generating and controlling body heat
53 Essential Natural Science 1 Connective tissue Bone tissue /Osseous tissue King oyster mushroom
54 Essential Natural Science 1 Connective tissue Osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers Bone tissue / Osseous tissue King oyster mushroom
55 Essential Natural Science 1 Connective tissue Blood is a connective tissue with a liquid matrix called plasma Blood cells are: red blood cells (erythroocyte, white blood cells (leukocyte) and platelets Blood tissue King oyster mushroom
56 Essential Natural Science 1 Connective tissue Blood is a connective tissue with a liquid matrix called plasma Blood cells are: red blood cells, white blodd cells and platelets Blood tissue King oyster mushroom
57 Essential Natural Science 1 Blood tissue King oyster mushroom
58 Essential Natural Science 1 Blood tissue King oyster mushroom
59 Essential Natural Science 1 An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a function, e.g the herat, the stomach and muscles Systems are groups of organs that function as a unit to perform a common function, e.g the digestive system, yhe circulatory system Systems involved in the nutrition function: The digestive system The respiratory system The circulatory system The lymphatic system The excretory system Systems involved in the interaction function: The nervous system The endocrine system The muscular and skeletal system (the locomotor system) Systems involved in the reproduction function: The female and male reproductive system The endocrine system Organs and systems King oyster mushroom
60 Essential Natural Science 1 Systems involved in the nutrition function: The digestive system transforms food inot nutrients which are absorbed into the bloodstream. The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and CO 2 with the outside of the cell The circulatory system uses blood to transport substances throughout the body The lymphatic system transport waste from the cells to the blood. The excretory system takes waste from the blood and eliminates them from the body Organs and systems King oyster mushroom
61 Essential Natural Science 1 The lymphatic system, or lymph system as it is also called, is a system made up of glands, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus gland and tonsils. It bathes our body s cells and carries the body s cellular sewage away from the tissues to the blood, where it can be filtered by two of the body s main detoxification organs: the liver and kidneys. King oyster Organs and systems mushroom
62 Essential Natural Science 1 Systems involved in the interaction function: The nervous system The endocrine system The muscular and skeletal system (the locomotor system) Systems involved in the reproduction function: The female and male reproductive system The endocrine system Organs and systems King oyster mushroom
Cells and Tissues. Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues
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