SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES. ANATOMY FOR BSc PT II and BSc OT II (ANAT 2033) TEST 1: 28 th March 2012

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1 SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES ANATOMY FOR BSc PT II and BSc OT II (ANAT 2033) TEST 1: 28 th March 2012 TOTAL TIME: 2 Hours TOTAL MARKS: 100 This test consists of two papers; Paper I (60 marks) will consist of Gross Anatomy questions and Paper II (40 marks) of Histology questions. Instructions: 1. Answer all questions. 2. Write your Anatomy number on each answer book/mcq sheet. SECTION A: MCQ s i) Write your name, the degree for which you are registered, your student number, and anatomy test number on the Faculty of Health Sciences side of the computer sheet. ii) iii) On the circles side of the computer sheet in the block headed student number write your student number. Fill in the circles with a soft HB pencil. There is one type of MCQ question in this paper: X-Type: For this type of question there are five (5) options each must be marked as either CORRECT or INCORRECT. For each question at least one of the options will be correct and one incorrect. You need to have an answer for each of the five (5) statements. iv) DO NOT use CORRECTION FLUID on your MCQ sheet. You may use an eraser with care. v) DO NOT fold or bend the computer card. vi) The computer sheet MUST be filled in during the examination time. NO TIME WILL BE ALLOWED after the end of the examination for filling in the sheet. SECTION B: WRITTEN ANSWER QUESTIONS i. Answer all Gross Anatomy questions in the COLOURED book and all Histology questions in the WHITE book. ii. Relevant and correctly labelled diagrams may be used to enhance your answers. iii. ONLY scripts written in blue or black ink will be marked. Pencil may be used ONLY for drawings. Page 1 of 8

2 PAPER 1 SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 60 MARKS 36 MARKS 1. The clavicle: a. is a component of the pelvic girdle b. articulates with the coracoid process c. has a synovial joint at is sternal end d. has a distinct groove for the radial nerve e. has an attachment for the sternocleidomastoid 2. With the body in the anatomical position, the meaning of the terms of position are: a. anterior front b. lateral to the side c. posterior below d. superior behind e. medial towards the middle 3. The posterior wall of the axilla: a. is formed by the infraspinatus muscle b. contains the quadrangular space c. allows passage of the axillary nerve d. allows passage of the anterior circumflex humeral artery e. allows passage of the suprascapular artery 4. The abdominal cavity: a. is bordered superiorly by the pelvic diaphragm b. houses the mediastinum c. is bordered almost exclusively by bones d. contains the liver e. is lined the peritoneum 5. The skull: a. has a glenoid fossa for articulation with the mandible b. is generally sub-divided into the neurocranium (braincase) and splanchnocranium (facial) skeleton c. comprises paired occipital bones d. houses the thyroid gland e. comprises a single frontal bone 6. The following bone classifications are associated with the axial skeleton: a. flat b. long c. short d. sesamoid e. irregular Page 2 of 8

3 7. The thoracic cage contains: a. 7 paired typical ribs b. 13 thoracic vertebrae c. 7 paired sternocostal joints d. a sternum posteriorly e. 2 paired floating ribs 8. The Humerus: a. is a bone of the forearm b. articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint c. contains two condyles on its proximal end d. articulates with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint e. contains the medial epicondyle just superior to the trochlea 9. Biceps brachii: a. is a muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm b. is a flexor c. is a supinator d. is innervated by the median nerve e. has one belly 10. The sternoclavicular joint: a. is a synovial joint b. contains an articular disc c. allows for a wide variety of movements d. is classified as a hinge joint e. is between the sternum and lateral end of the clavicle 11. General features of a synovial joint include: a. Bones are connected by a fibrous capsule b. No joint cavity is present c. the articular surfaces are covered in articular cartilage d. limited movement is possible due to the presence of a synovial membrane e. ligaments which support the joints may be situated either intracapsularly or extracapsularly 12. The following criteria are used to side a patella: a. The base of the patella must be situated inferiorly b. the apex of the patella must be situated inferiorly c. the side the bone falls on is the side of the body the bone belongs to d. the larger articular facet is always the medial one. e. the smooth convex surface must be situated facing anteriorly 13. The following are examples of synovial joints: a. glenohumeral/shoulder joint b. sternocostal joint c. pubic symphysis d. knee joint e. atlantoaxial joint Page 3 of 8

4 14. The shoulder joint is: a. a ball and socket joint b. highly mobile c. very stable d. stabilized by the rotator cuff muscles e. not capable of circumduction 15. The following is an example of a synovial ellipsoid joint: a. wrist/radiocarpal joint b. knee Joint c. atlantoaxial joint d. temporomandibular joint e. acromioclavicular joint 16. About the proximal end of the humerus: a. it articulates with the radius and ulna b. the glenohumeral articulation is reinforced by a middle gleno-humeral ligament c. the anatomical neck is more prone to be fractured than the surgical d. it is supplied by the profunda brachii e. it has a lesser trochanter 17. The biceps brachii: a. is a muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm b. has a tendon which inserts into the infraglenoid tubercle c. has a tendon which is incorporated in to the gleno-humeral joint d. is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve e. is a principal flexor of the forearm 18. The following descriptions form part of the anatomical position: a. eyes facing forward, facial expression neutral b. arms abducted c. toes pointing to the side d. thumbs pointing away from body e. forearms supinated Page 4 of 8

5 SECTION B: SHORT QUESTIONS 24 MARKS QUESTION 1 Name the muscles that comprise the anterior compartment of the forearm and give details of their innervation. (5 marks) QUESTION 2 Name the components of the rotator cuff and correctly list their general attachment of the proximal humerus. What critical function do these muscles perform? (5 marks) QUESTION 3 The quadrangular space is clinically important due to the structures passing through it. a. Describe the boundaries and contents of the quadrangular space (5 marks) b. What would be the consequence of damage to the structures passing through the space (2 marks) The bicipital aponeurosis protects the contents of the cubital fossa from harm during venipuncture drawing blood. The most important content is the median nerve. c. Name the muscles supplied by the median nerve from the cubital fossa (3½ marks) d. Describe the position of the upper limb in the case of venipuncture (1½ marks) QUESTION 4 List the muscles that produce supination and give the innervation of each. (2 marks) [TOTAL 60 MARKS] Page 5 of 8

6 PAPER 2: HISTOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 40 MARKS 16 MARKS 1. The plasma membrane: a. is a bilaminar structure b. has integral proteins c. has lipid rafts d. is positively charged e. contains cholesterol 2. Stratified epithelium: a. may be found in the excretory ducts of exocrine glands b. is the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder c. is found lining blood vessels d. has a basal lamina e. has cilia on the apical surface 3. Eccrine sweat gland: a. is classified as a simple branched tubular gland b. exhibits merocrine mode of secretion c. is found in thick skin d. is a mucous secreting gland e. secretion is composed mainly of water 4. Dense irregular connective tissue: a. is composed primarily of elastic fibres b. is found in the dermis of skin c. is found in tendons d. has little ground substance e. has tensile strength in all directions 5. With regard to hyaline cartilage: a. provides structural support in the trachea b. chondrocytes maintain the extracellular matrix c. the interterritorial matrix stains darkly basophilic d. it has a rich blood supply e. it is highly hydrated 6. Fibroblasts: a. are the principal cells of connective tissue b. are derived from monocytes c. secrete connective tissue fibres d. are involved in wound repair e. have a phagocytic function Page 6 of 8

7 7. Monocytes: a. are the largest of the white blood cells b. have a bi-lobed nucleus c. have azurophilic cytoplasmic granules d. transform into macrophages e. secretes antibodies 8. The following processes take place in the first week of development: a. capacitation b. acrosome reaction c. notochord formation d. primitive streak formation e. cleavage Page 7 of 8

8 SECTION B: SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS 24 MARKS QUESTION 1 a. Draw two well labelled diagrams to compare the histological structure (40x magnification) of cardiac muscle fibres and purkinje fibres. (4.5 marks) b. Give one main function for each of these fibres. (2 marks) c. Identify three structures involved in the communication between cardiac muscle fibres (found in the region of the intercalated disc) (1.5 marks) [Total: 8 marks] QUESTION 2 a. Draw a fully labelled diagram illustrating the histological structure of compact bone (6 marks) b. What is the main organic constituent in bone matrix? (1 mark) c. Which type/s of growth occurs in compact bone? (1 mark) [Total: 8 marks] QUESTION 3 Describe the process of neurulation. [Total: 8 marks] Page 8 of 8