Contributors CONSULTING EDITOR EDITOR AUTHORS. Pharmacology

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1 Pharmacology CONSULTING EDITOR LEE A. FLEISHER, MD, FACC Robert D. Dripps Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Professor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania EDITOR ALAN D. KAYE, MD, PhD, DABA, DABPM, DABIPP Professor, Program Director and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Director, Pain Services, Hospital Director of Anesthesia, University Medical Center Hospital, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine T6M5, Professor of Anesthesia and Pharmacology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana AUTHORS CAMELLIA ASGARIAN, MD DANIEL BANG, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California BURTON D. BEAKLEY, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane School of Medicine, SASCHA S. BEUTLER, MD, PhD ANAIR BEVERLY, MBBS, BSc, MRCP Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts KARISHMA PATEL BHANGARE, MD LARA K. BONASERA, MD Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois

2 iv GREGORY J. BORDELON, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, REZA M. BORNA, MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California ANDREW BRUNK, MD KENNETH D. CANDIDO, MD Chairman and Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois CATHERINE M. CHA, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California JOHN CHALABI, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California DEBBIE CHANDLER, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health, DANIEL CHANG, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut LYNN O. CHOI, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California RICHARD C. CLARKE, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, ELYSE M. CORNETT, PhD Assistant Professor of Research and Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, ; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health, JUSTIN B. CREEL, MD NICHOLAS DARENSBURG, MD JAMES H. DIAZ, MD, DrPH Department of Anesthesiology and School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center,

3 v KEN P EHRHARDT Jr, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, AMIR O. ELHASSAN, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CHARLES J. FOX, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, JEREMY B. GREEN, MD Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, KARINA GRITSENKO, MD Program Director, Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine Fellowship, Director, Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine Resident Rotations, Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Family & Social Medicine, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York JOSEPH R. GUENZER, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, Utah BRENDON HART, DO Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine-Shreveport, ERIK M. HELANDER, MBBS RICHARD W. HONG, MD Associate Clinical Professor and Chief of Obstetric Anesthesiology; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California DORA HSU, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California ERIC HSU, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California JONATHAN S. JAHR, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California PREYA JHITA, MD INDERJEET JULKA, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California

4 vi ALICE KAI, BA Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut MUDIT KAUSHAL, MD Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York ALAN D. KAYE, MD, PhD, DABA, DABPM, DABIPP Professor, Program Director and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Director, Pain Services, Hospital Director of Anesthesia, University Medical Center Hospital, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine T6M5, Professor of Anesthesia and Pharmacology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana CHIH H. KING, MD, PhD Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts SUSANNA KMIECIK, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, CA 3 Resident, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California NEBOJSA NICK KNEZEVIC, MD, PhD Vice Chair for Research and Education and Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois ALLYSON LEMAY, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts HENRY LIU, MD Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania OLLE LJUNGQVIST, MD, PhD Professor of Surgery, Chairman ERAS Society, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Surgery, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden KEN F. MANCUSO, MD Assistant Professor, Associate Program Director, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, JOSEPH MELTZER, MD Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California BETHANY MENARD, MD NATALE Z. NAIM, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California

5 vii VIET NGUYEN, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, MATTHEW B. NOVITCH, BS Medical Student, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wisconsin IRA W. PADNOS, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, JACQUELYN R. PAETZOLD, DO Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane School of Medicine, EDWARD PARK, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Ronald Regan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California SHILPADEVI PATIL, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, OSCAR J. PEROZO, MD Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois MAUNAK V. RANA, MD Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois XIULU RUAN, MD Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, RYAN E. RUBIN, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, RAMSEY SABA, MD ALI SALEHI, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Ronald Regan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California SUDIPTA SEN, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, SUMIT SINGH, MD Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California MARIAH KINCAID TANIOUS, MD, MPH

6 viii DAWN TIEMANN, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, LIEN B. TRAN, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, THOMAS N. TRANG, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane School of Medicine, RICHARD D. URMAN, MD, MBA NALINI VADIVELU, MD Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut CRISTIANNA VALLERA, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California SIMON WILLIS, MD Resident Physician, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital/National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC