( By the name of allah ) Limbic system

Transcription

1 ( By the name of allah ) Limbic system * Limbic system is the emotional brain, limbus means arch. (emotional system) Its responsible for our emotion & motivation. The corpus callosm connect the two cerebral hemisphere, this connection is different between male and female.. HOW? > > female is a multitask person can do a lot of things and incorporate the emotion, due to huge connection between the two hemisphere. But the connection in male is less than in female,and the male has huge intercerebral connections in the same side hemisphere but not between the two hemisphere.

2 # The limbic structures : 1- Limbic cortex : cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus 2- Sub cortical structures, include : paraolfactory area, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, portion of the basal ganglia, the hippocampus, amygdala and the hypothalamus (one of the central elements of the limbic system) The most important part of limbic system is the hypothalamus. + Functions of the hypothalamus : 1) Non behavioral : Endocrine functions, calorie balance, osmolarity balance, thermal regulation, autonomic balance, circadian rythem, regulation of temperature, memory and motor movement because it causes excitation of motor areas. 2) Behavioral : (any behavior related to emotions and mood) 3) Diurnal( circadian) rhythm : control when you go to sleep and when you wake up this is controlled by hypothalamus which increases the cortisone level at the morning, then

3 decrease it at afternoon and when you sleep it control secretion of substances that relive your body at night so if you stay awake at night you will do a lot of mistakes in the day time, and to compensate one hour of night sleep you need to sleep three hours any time!!!! or simply need to take a nap. In addition to melatonin that is secreted from pineal gland only in full darkness!!! قال تعالى : } و ج ع ل ن ا ن و م ك م س ب ات ا. و ج ع ل ن ا الل ي ل ل ب اس ا { # Limbic system has strong connections : 1) With the reticulum formation, so when you have an emotional problem u stay awake 2) to pretectal nucleus that allow you to express your emotion through body movements, especially eye movement to express through the optic pathway. * the limbic system has a special feature which is The After Discharge. which means that when you make a decision the emotional feelings will stay, like when you

4 broke up with someone ( > <) you will think about him for a while and keep Wailing. so you will stay thinking about it. Unlike the cerebellum which has no after discharge because its need fast decisions for the equilibrium. Clinical note : when someone has a car accident and has a high fever rapidly, this mean hypothalamic lesion, but if he has the fever after (4-7) days this mean a bacterial infection or anything else not hypothalamic lesion. We have differences in structure of hypothalamus between male and female, it is sexually dimorphic between them. # the female over month has three emotional phases : 1) The giving العطاء) ) for the family and for her lover 2 ) The sharing,( stage of ovulation ) she like to share emotion

5 3 ) The taking االخذ) ), she needs attention,, she can't hold the usual stress as the first stages she needs someone to take care of her at this stage. This variation in the female due to hormonal effects is a very complicated creature that needs attention. * Experiment on CATs : 1) They destroy the ventral nucleus and that cause the cat to eat more. 2) they destroy the lateral nucleus of hypothalamus so they eat less. (In Human ) They conclude that the limbic system presented with hypothalamus has a relation with eating and emotion, so some people when they are sad they eat more. and some eat less and this is the (emotional eating ). * Anorexia nervosa is a disease that usually effects the fashion models, they eat less to get a double zero (skeletal ) body - which is hot as they think -, so the teenagers try to be like them hardly, but unfortunately they get psychiatric disease.

6 * Polemia is a psychiatric disease that effects women after extreme diet, they start to eat crazily, until she destroy the whole diet she already done and start to feel guilty. after guilt feeling she start vomiting and the stomach acidity in the vomit will destroy her esophagus and teeth and make a lot of ulcers. These previous two diseases due to either ( lateral nucleus destruction to the hypothalamus OR ventromedial nucleus destruction ) of hypothalamus over activation will cause these diseases. Obesity is increasing in the world, specially in USA and Kuwait.

7 - Anterior and posterior parts of hypothalamus responsible of sexuality. Male and female fetus starts as female hypothalamus but in the twelfth week of pregnancy testosterone change it to male hypothalamus. - There is a uncertain theory not proved yet, tried to explain male homosexuality, some said because hormonal effect in intrauterine life and others said cause it has small anterior hypothalamus like females, some said gay gene and others said mental illness. but mostly its environmental effects that cause it and can be treated with justified law, like Islamic law. Done by : jamil Asa'ad Special big thanks to : (Ayham Deghaim) and (Mohammad Iswaid)