Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
|
|
- Laura Watts
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
2 Definitions Learning: The acquisition of an altered behavioral response due to an environmental stimulus. Memory: The processes through which learned information is stored. Recall: altered The conscious or unconscious retrieval process through which this behavior is manifest.
3 Movies Using Amnesia as a Plot Device Movie Director (plus Notable Actors) Year Anterograde Amnesia: Memento Christopher Nolan (Guy Pearce) 2001 Finding Nemo Andrew Stanton (Animated - Ellen DeGeneris as Dory) First Dates Peter Segal (Adam Sandler) 2004 Retrograde Amnesia: The Bourne Identity Doug Liman (Matt Damon) 2002 Total Recall Paul Verhoeven (Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sharon Stone) 1990 Spellbound Alfred Hitchcock (Ingrid Bergman, Gregory Peck) 1945 Eternal Sunshine Michel Gondry (Jim Carrey, Kate Winslet) 2004 of the Spotless Mind The Forgotten Joseph Ruben (Julianne Moore) 2004 Men in Black Barry Sonnenfeld (Tommy Lee Jones, Will Smith) 1997 Not Sure: Mulholland Drive David Lynch (Michael J. Anderson, Diane Baker) 2001 Table 1
4
5 Subdivisions of Human Memory HUMAN MEMORY DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) FACTS EVENTS PROCEDURAL (SKILLS AND HABITS) PRIMING SIMPLE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING EMOTIONAL RESPONSES SKELETAL MUSCULATURE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE STRIATUM NEOCORTEX AMYGDALA CEREBELLUM REFLEX PATHWAYS Milner B, Squire LR, Kandel ER: "Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory". Neuron 1998, 20:
6 Multiple Memory Systems in the Human CNS Memory Subtype Working Memory Declarative, Episodic, and Spatial Memory Habits, Motor Skills, Procedural Memory Priming Aversive Associative Conditioning Motoric Associative Conditioning Olfactory and Taste Conditioning Sensitization, Habituation Circadian Rhythm Reward, Positive Reinforcement, Addiction Corresponding CNS Subregion Prefrontal Cortex, contributions from Caudate Nucleus Medial Temporal Lobe system including the Hippocampus, Dentate Gyrus, Ento-rhinal and Perirhinal cortices Striatum (Caudate Nucleus and Putamen), Globus Pallidus*, and Cerebellum Occipital Cortex, Neocortex in general Amygdala Cerebellum Olfactory Bulb, Insular Cortex, Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS), positive and negative reinforcement systems (Amygdala or Nucleus Accumbens) Spinal Cord, Brainstem Nuclei, Amygdala Hypothalamus Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) Nucleus Accumbens, Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) *Collectively the Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, and Globus Pallidus are referred to as the Basal Ganglia. Table 2
7 Memory-associated Cognitive Dysfunction in Humans Disease or Syndrome Type of Memory Affected Likely Anatomical Locus or Involved* Schizophrenia Working Memory Prefrontal Cortex Major Depression Declarative Memory? Aging-related Dementias Long-term Declarative and Temporal Lobe Hippocampal Episodic Memory System Korsakoff s Syndrome Long-term Declarative and Mamillary Bodies, Limbic (Alcoholism, Malnutrition) Episodic Memory System, Thalamus Huntington s Disease and Motor Learning, Habit Learning Nigro-striatal System Parkinson s Disease Attention Deficit Generalized or Specific Learning Frontal Lobes? Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Disabilities, Dyslexia Basal Ganglia? Post-traumatic Aversive Associative Conditioning, Amygdala, Hippocampus Stress Disorder* (PTSD) Lack of Extinction Table 3
8 Short-term Memory and the Multi-store Memory Model RESPONSE RESPONSE OUTPUT GENERATOR S E REHEARSAL BUFFER LONG-TERM STORE STIMULUS INPUT N S O R Y R E G I S T SHORT-TERM STORE Memory bank subject to rapid decay Self-addressable memory bank not subject to decay E R CONTROL PROCESSES Stimulus analyzer programs Alter biases of sensory channels Activate rehearsal mechanism Modify information flow from SR to STS Code and transfer information from STS to LTS Initiate or modify search of LTS Heuristic operations on stored information Set decision criteria Initiate response generator Figure 6A
9
10
11
12 624
13
14 52 x 12
15
16 Short-term Memory and the Multi-store Memory Model RESPONSE RESPONSE OUTPUT GENERATOR S E REHEARSAL BUFFER LONG-TERM STORE STIMULUS INPUT N S O R Y R E G I S T SHORT-TERM STORE Memory bank subject to rapid decay Self-addressable memory bank not subject to decay E R CONTROL PROCESSES Stimulus analyzer programs Alter biases of sensory channels Activate rehearsal mechanism Modify information flow from SR to STS Code and transfer information from STS to LTS Initiate or modify search of LTS Heuristic operations on stored information Set decision criteria Initiate response generator Figure 6A
17 Baddeley s Working Memory Module Central Executive Visuospatial Sketchpad Episodic Buffer Phonological Loop Visual Episodic Language Semantics LTM Figure 6B Fluid Systems Crystallized Systems
18 Anatomical Subdomains of Working Memory Prefrontal Cortex Working Memory Ventrolateral PFC Non-spatial memory (color, shape, etc) Dorsolateral PFC Spatial memory Figure 7
19 Short-term Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Action Potential Firing Sustained Neural Circuit Activity Persisting Molecular and Cellular Changes Changes in Synaptic Structure Anatomical Circuit Alterations Figure 8
20 Subdivisions of Human Memory HUMAN MEMORY DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) FACTS EVENTS PROCEDURAL (SKILLS AND HABITS) PRIMING SIMPLE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING EMOTIONAL RESPONSES SKELETAL MUSCULATURE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE STRIATUM NEOCORTEX AMYGDALA CEREBELLUM REFLEX PATHWAYS Milner B, Squire LR, Kandel ER: "Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory". Neuron 1998, 20:
21 Functions of the Hippocampus Cognitive Processing: Space Time Relationships Memory Consolidation
22 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
23 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
24 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
25 Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Vertebrate Field Zoology Photo #148, Courtesy Samford University
26 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
27 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
28 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
29 Hippocampal Connectivity in the CNS Visual Somatosensory Olfactory Sensory Regions Of Cortex Perirhinal/ Entorhinal Cortex Hippocampal Formation Parahipp. Cortex Auditory Perirhinal Cortex Entorhinal Cortex CA3 Dentate Gyrus CA1
30 Hippocampal Output Pathway & Intrinsic Circuit A Entorhinal Cortex Perforant Pathway B CA3 CA1 Dentate Gyrus Entorhinal Cortex CA1 Outputs CA3 Mossy Fibers C CA1 Axon Schaffer Collaterals GABAergic Interneuron CA1 Norepinephrine Acetylcholine Subiculum/ Entorhinal Cortex Lateral Septum Amygdala, Cortex Schaffer Collaterals Serotonin Figure 5
31 Figure 4 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron
32 Major Neurotransmitters in the Hippocampus Neurotransmitter Abbreviation, Synonym General role Serotonin 5HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine neuromodulation Dopamine DA neuromodulation Acetylcholine ACh neuromodulation Norepinephrine NE neuromodulation Gamma-amino GABA inhibitory transmission Butyric Acid Glutamate Glu excitatory transmission Table 4
33
34 Functions of the Hippocampus Cognitive Processing: Space Time Relationships Memory Consolidation
35 MRI scan of H.M. and control brain H.M. Control Figure 6
36 MRI of HM s Brain lesions Surgeon s Estimate of H.M. s lesions Revised Estimate based on MRI
37 From Eichenbaum and Cohen
38 From Eichenbaum and Cohen
39 From Eichenbaum and Cohen
40 Four Types of Experiments Hypothesis: A B C Experiment Prediction Determine Block Mimic Measure None (A makes C happen) Blocking B should block A causing C Activating B should cause C A makes B happen
41 Virtual Maze Burgess N, Maguire EA, O'Keefe J. The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory. Neuron :
42 MRI of Hippocampus fmri in Virtual Maze Navigation Morphometry of London Taxi Drivers Right Posterior Hippocampal Volume Correlates with Time Spent Driving Burgess N, Maguire EA, O'Keefe J. The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory. Neuron :
43 Neuroimaging of the retrieval of the Spatial Context of an Event Blue Box 1
44 Subdivisions of Human Memory HUMAN MEMORY DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) FACTS EVENTS PROCEDURAL (SKILLS AND HABITS) PRIMING SIMPLE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING EMOTIONAL RESPONSES SKELETAL MUSCULATURE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE STRIATUM NEOCORTEX AMYGDALA CEREBELLUM REFLEX PATHWAYS Milner B, Squire LR, Kandel ER: "Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory". Neuron 1998, 20:
45 Figure 10 Human Excellence in Motor Learning and Memory
46 Medium Spiny Neuron
47 Summary Scheme of Interaction Between Motor Centers Figure 11
48 Figure 12 Basal Ganglia in the Human Brain
49 The Striatal Motor Learning System Cortex Motor Pre-Motor Pre-Frontal (Sensory) Striatum Caudate/Putamen/ Accumbens Substantia Nigra Globus Pallidus Subthalamic Nucleus Thalamus Ventral Anterior & Ventral Lateral Nuclei Figure 13
50 From Eichenbaum and Cohen
51 Memory-associated Cognitive Dysfunction in Humans Disease or Syndrome Type of Memory Affected Likely Anatomical Locus or Involved* Schizophrenia Working Memory Prefrontal Cortex Major Depression Declarative Memory? Aging-related Dementias Long-term Declarative and Temporal Lobe Hippocampal Episodic Memory System Korsakoff s Syndrome Long-term Declarative and Mamillary Bodies, Limbic (Alcoholism, Malnutrition) Episodic Memory System, Thalamus Huntington s Disease and Motor Learning, Habit Learning Nigro-striatal System Parkinson s Disease Attention Deficit Generalized or Specific Learning Frontal Lobes? Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Disabilities, Dyslexia Basal Ganglia? Post-traumatic Aversive Associative Conditioning, Amygdala, Hippocampus Stress Disorder* (PTSD) Lack of Extinction Table 3
52 Human Excellence in Declarative Learning and Memory
53 Figure 14 Rajan Srinavasen Mahadevan
54 1000 Decimal places of pi Figure 15
55 Figure 16 Kim Peek
56 Figure 2 The Penfield Stimulation Experiments
57
58 The Mimic Octopus
59
60
61
62
63
64 The Mimic Octopus
65
66 From JH Martin, Neuroanatomy
67 Lateralization of Hippocampal Function Distance Traveled To Correct Location Percent Correct Percent Correct Impairment Ratio Studies of hippocampectomy patients Burgess N, Maguire EA, O'Keefe J. The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory. Neuron :
Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Chapter 2: Studies of Human Learning and Memory From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Medium Spiny Neuron A Current Conception of the major memory systems in the brain Figure
More informationChapter 6: Hippocampal Function In Cognition. From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Chapter 6: Hippocampal Function In Cognition From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Grid Cell The Hippocampus Serves a Role in Multimodal Information Processing and Memory
More informationSystems Neuroscience November 29, Memory
Systems Neuroscience November 29, 2016 Memory Gabriela Michel http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html Forms of memory Different types of learning & memory rely on different brain structures
More informationCASE 49. What type of memory is available for conscious retrieval? Which part of the brain stores semantic (factual) memories?
CASE 49 A 43-year-old woman is brought to her primary care physician by her family because of concerns about her forgetfulness. The patient has a history of Down syndrome but no other medical problems.
More informationAnatomy of the basal ganglia. Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410
Anatomy of the basal ganglia Dana Cohen Gonda Brain Research Center, room 410 danacoh@gmail.com The basal ganglia The nuclei form a small minority of the brain s neuronal population. Little is known about
More informationCSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems
CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect 22,24,25: Memory Systems Compare Chap 31 of Purves et al., 5e Chap 24 of Bear et al., 3e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook University http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~cse511
More informationnucleus accumbens septi hier-259 Nucleus+Accumbens birnlex_727
Nucleus accumbens From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Brain: Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens visible in red. Latin NeuroNames MeSH NeuroLex ID nucleus accumbens septi hier-259 Nucleus+Accumbens birnlex_727
More informationCh 8. Learning and Memory
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Learning and Memory II ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Procedural Memory
More informationTeach-SHEET Basal Ganglia
Teach-SHEET Basal Ganglia Purves D, et al. Neuroscience, 5 th Ed., Sinauer Associates, 2012 Common organizational principles Basic Circuits or Loops: Motor loop concerned with learned movements (scaling
More informationCh 8. Learning and Memory
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and B.-T. Zhang Biointelligence
More informationIntroduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Introduction the basics of psychological learning and memory theory. From Mechanisms of Memory by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Definitions Learning: The acquisition of an altered behavioral response due to an
More informationTheories of memory. Memory & brain Cellular bases of learning & memory. Epileptic patient Temporal lobectomy Amnesia
Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Theories of Sensory, short-term & long-term memories Memory & brain Cellular bases
More informationNeural Communication. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System. Communication in the Nervous System. 4 Common Components of a Neuron
Neural Communication Overview of CNS / PNS Electrical Signaling Chemical Signaling Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic = sensory & motor Autonomic = arousal state Parasympathetic =
More informationMore dendritic spines, changes in shapes of dendritic spines More NT released by presynaptic membrane
LEARNING AND MEMORY (p.1) You are your learning and memory! (see movie Total Recall) L&M, two sides of the same coin learning refers more to the acquisition of new information & brain circuits (storage)
More informationCognitive Neuroscience of Memory
Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Types and Structure of Memory Types of Memory Type of Memory Time Course Capacity Conscious Awareness Mechanism of Loss Sensory Short-Term and Working Long-Term Nondeclarative
More informationFor more information about how to cite these materials visit
Author(s): Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
More informationBrain anatomy and artificial intelligence. L. Andrew Coward Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
Brain anatomy and artificial intelligence L. Andrew Coward Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia The Fourth Conference on Artificial General Intelligence August 2011 Architectures
More informationSynap&c Plas&city. long-term plasticity (~30 min to lifetime) Long-term potentiation (LTP) / Long-term depression (LTD)
Synap&c Plas&city synaptic connectivity constantly changes in response to activity and other factors During development: provides the basic wiring of the brain s circuits Throughout rest of life: basis
More informationSummarized by. Biointelligence Laboratory, Seoul National University
Ch 8. Learning and Memory Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 3 rd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2008. Summarized by H.-S. Seok, K. Kim, and db.-t. TZhang Biointelligence
More informationExam 2 PSYC Fall (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system
Exam 2 PSYC 2022 Fall 1998 (2 points) What 2 nuclei are collectively called the striatum? (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system
More informationMemory. Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith
Memory Psychology 3910 Guest Lecture by Steve Smith Note: Due to copyright restrictions, I had to remove the images from the Weschler Memory Scales from the slides I posted online. Wechsler Memory Scales
More informationLinda Lušić Research fellow Department of neuroscience School of medicine. University of Split
Linda Lušić Research fellow Department of neuroscience School of medicine University of Split Nonassociative? Associative? Nonassociative learning when an animal or a person is exposed once or repeatedly
More informationBasal Ganglia. Today s lecture is about Basal Ganglia and it covers:
Basal Ganglia Motor system is complex interaction between Lower motor neurons (spinal cord and brainstem circuits) and Upper motor neurons (pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts) plus two main regulators
More informationThe Central Nervous System I. Chapter 12
The Central Nervous System I Chapter 12 The Central Nervous System The Brain and Spinal Cord Contained within the Axial Skeleton Brain Regions and Organization Medical Scheme (4 regions) 1. Cerebral Hemispheres
More informationThe Nervous System. Neuron 01/12/2011. The Synapse: The Processor
The Nervous System Neuron Nucleus Cell body Dendrites they are part of the cell body of a neuron that collect chemical and electrical signals from other neurons at synapses and convert them into electrical
More informationMaking Things Happen 2: Motor Disorders
Making Things Happen 2: Motor Disorders How Your Brain Works Prof. Jan Schnupp wschnupp@cityu.edu.hk HowYourBrainWorks.net On the Menu in This Lecture In the previous lecture we saw how motor cortex and
More informationCurricular Requirement 3: Biological Bases of Behavior
Curricular Requirement 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Name: Period: Due Key Terms for CR 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Key Term Definition Application Acetylcholine (Ach) Action potential Adrenal glands
More informationNS219: Basal Ganglia Anatomy
NS219: Basal Ganglia Anatomy Human basal ganglia anatomy Analagous rodent basal ganglia nuclei Basal ganglia circuits: the classical model of direct and indirect pathways + Glutamate + - GABA - Gross anatomy
More information10/3/2016. T1 Anatomical structures are clearly identified, white matter (which has a high fat content) appears bright.
H2O -2 atoms of Hydrogen, 1 of Oxygen Hydrogen just has one single proton and orbited by one single electron Proton has a magnetic moment similar to the earths magnetic pole Also similar to earth in that
More informationBasal Ganglia General Info
Basal Ganglia General Info Neural clusters in peripheral nervous system are ganglia. In the central nervous system, they are called nuclei. Should be called Basal Nuclei but usually called Basal Ganglia.
More informationCourse Booklet. We have felt the pain that Neuroscience is giving you.
Exams Stressing You Out? Take Action! Course Booklet NEUR 1202 Carleton University* *TranscendFinals is not affiliated with the university We have felt the pain that Neuroscience is giving you. Our mission
More informationSerial model. Amnesia. Amnesia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras. Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Serial model Memory terminology based on information processing models e.g., Serial Model Prof. Stephan Anagnostaras Lecture 3: HM, the medial temporal lobe, and amnesia
More informationCourse Calendar - Neuroscience
2006-2007 Course Calendar - Neuroscience Meeting Hours for entire semester: Monday - Friday 1:00-2:20 p.m. Room 1200, COM August 28 August 29 August 30 August 31 September 1 Course introduction, Neurocytology:
More informationIntroduction to Physiological Psychology Review
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Review ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html n Learning and Memory n Human Communication n Emotion 1 What is memory? n Working Memory:
More informationThe basal forebrain: Questions, chapter 29:
The basal forebrain: Questions, chapter 29: 7) What is the "basal forebrain", and what is its involvement in Alzheimer' s Disease? The acetylcholine-containing neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynart
More informationConnections of basal ganglia
Connections of basal ganglia Introduction The basal ganglia, or basal nuclei, are areas of subcortical grey matter that play a prominent role in modulating movement, as well as cognitive and emotional
More informationbiological psychology, p. 40 The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. neuroscience, p. 40
biological psychology, p. 40 The specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and system; also called biopsychology or psychobiology. neuroscience,
More informationCOGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A. Hippocampus. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A Hippocampus Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. Common (Distributed) Model of Memory Processes Time Course of Memory Processes Long Term Memory DECLARATIVE NON-DECLARATIVE Semantic Episodic Skills
More informationLearning & memory. Phenomenon:
Learning & memory Phenomenon: 9/11/2001 Where were you on the following day? Your 10th birthday? What did you do? Do you remember when you had an accident? How did it happen? Can you remember a Skill you
More informationCourse Calendar
Clinical Neuroscience BMS 6706C Charles, Ph.D., Course Director charles.ouimet@med.fsu.edu (850) 644-2271 2004 2005 Course Calendar Click here to return to the syllabus Meeting Hours for entire semester:
More informationComputational cognitive neuroscience: 8. Motor Control and Reinforcement Learning
1 Computational cognitive neuroscience: 8. Motor Control and Reinforcement Learning Lubica Beňušková Centre for Cognitive Science, FMFI Comenius University in Bratislava 2 Sensory-motor loop The essence
More informationA. General features of the basal ganglia, one of our 3 major motor control centers:
Reading: Waxman pp. 141-146 are not very helpful! Computer Resources: HyperBrain, Chapter 12 Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, Ph.D. March 1, 2012 THE BASAL GANGLIA Objectives: 1. What are the main
More information9.14 Class 32 Review. Limbic system
9.14 Class 32 Review Limbic system 1 Lateral view Medial view Brainstem, sagittal section Sensory- Perceptual Motor Behavior Major functional modules of the CNS Motivation Courtesy of MIT Press. Used with
More informationThe neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible:
NERVOUS SYSTEM The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible: the neuron and the supporting cells ("glial cells"). Neuron Neurons
More informationCOGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A. Motor Systems: Basal Ganglia. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A Motor Systems: Basal Ganglia Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. Two major descending s Pyramidal vs. extrapyramidal Motor cortex Pyramidal system Pathway for voluntary movement Most fibers originate
More informationA. General features of the basal ganglia, one of our 3 major motor control centers:
Reading: Waxman pp. 141-146 are not very helpful! Computer Resources: HyperBrain, Chapter 12 Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, Ph.D. April 22, 2010 THE BASAL GANGLIA Objectives: 1. What are the
More informationOutline of the next three lectures
Outline of the next three lectures Lecture 35 Anatomy of the human cerebral cortex gross and microscopic cell types connections Vascular supply of the cerebral cortex Disorders involving the cerebral cortex
More informationCogs 107b Systems Neuroscience lec9_ neuromodulators and drugs of abuse principle of the week: functional anatomy
Cogs 107b Systems Neuroscience www.dnitz.com lec9_02042010 neuromodulators and drugs of abuse principle of the week: functional anatomy Professor Nitz circa 1986 neurotransmitters: mediating information
More informationDr. Farah Nabil Abbas. MBChB, MSc, PhD
Dr. Farah Nabil Abbas MBChB, MSc, PhD The Basal Ganglia *Functions in association with motor cortex and corticospinal pathways. *Regarded as accessory motor system besides cerebellum. *Receive most of
More informationMemory. Lynn Yen, class of 2009
Memory Lynn Yen, class of 2009 Objectives 1. Understand the different types of memory. 2. Describe where different types of memory are stored and the CNS structures involved in storage. 3. Describe how
More informationSystems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens
Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper Today: Wolfger von der Behrens wolfger@ini.ethz.ch 18.9.2018 Neurons Pyramidal neuron by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934, Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi in 1906) Neurons
More informationTHE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND
THE BRAIN HABIT BRIDGING THE CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD How did I get here? What did I do? Start driving home after work Aware when you left
More informationSAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
SAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS PLEASE NOTE, THE QUESTIONS BELOW SAMPLE THE ENTIRE LECTURE COURSE AND THEREORE INCLUDE QUESTIONS ABOUT TOPICS THAT WE HAVE NOT YET COVERED IN CLASS. 1. Which of the following
More informationName: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind
Name: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind The Nervous System (pp. 55-58) 1. What are nerves? 2. Complete the diagram below with definitions of each part of the nervous system. Nervous System
More informationCellular Neurobiology BIPN140
Cellular Neurobiology BIPN140 Second midterm is next Tuesday!! Covers lectures 7-12 (Synaptic transmission, NT & receptors, intracellular signaling & synaptic plasticity). Review session is on Monday (Nov
More informationClasses of Neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters
1 Drugs Outline 2 Neurotransmitters Agonists and Antagonists Cocaine & other dopamine agonists Alcohol & its effects / Marijuana & its effects Synthetic & Designer Drugs: Ecstasy 1 Classes of Neurotransmitters
More informationThe Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes. Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes 3/2/2011. Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions. Readings: KW Ch.
The Frontal Lobes Readings: KW Ch. 16 Portrait: Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions E.L. Highly organized college professor Became disorganized, showed little emotion, and began to miss deadlines Scores on intelligence
More informationAnatomy and Physiology (Bio 220) The Brain Chapter 14 and select portions of Chapter 16
Anatomy and Physiology (Bio 220) The Brain Chapter 14 and select portions of Chapter 16 I. Introduction A. Appearance 1. physical 2. weight 3. relative weight B. Major parts of the brain 1. cerebrum 2.
More informationCISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience
CISC 3250 Systems Neuroscience Levels of organization Central Nervous System 1m 10 11 neurons Neural systems and neuroanatomy Systems 10cm Networks 1mm Neurons 100μm 10 8 neurons Professor Daniel Leeds
More informationChapter 8. Control of movement
Chapter 8 Control of movement 1st Type: Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle: Ones that moves us Muscles contract, limb flex Flexion: a movement of a limb that tends to bend its joints, contraction of a flexor
More informationLONG TERM MEMORY. Learning Objective Topics. Retrieval and the Brain. Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory. LTP Brain areas Consolidation Reconsolidation
LONG TERM MEMORY Retrieval and the rain Learning Objective Topics Retrieval Neuroscience of Memory LTP rain areas onsolidation Reconsolidation 1 Long-term memory How does info become encoded/stored in
More informationParts of the Brain. Hindbrain. Controls autonomic functions Breathing, Heartbeat, Blood pressure, Swallowing, Vomiting, etc. Upper part of hindbrain
Parts of the Brain The human brain is made up of three main parts: 1) Hindbrain (or brainstem) Which is made up of: Myelencephalon Metencephalon 2) Midbrain Which is made up of: Mesencephalon 3) Forebrain
More informationUNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PATHWAYS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016
EDP07 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PATHWAYS SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 COGNITIVE AND BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES MODULE NO: PSC4003 Date: Wednesday 18 th
More informationTHE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The Brain & Spinal Cord
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Brain & Spinal Cord Review: Nervous System Parallel Distributed Processing Composition of the CNS Nuclei: Clusters of neurons in the CNS ( neighborhoods ) Fiber Tracts/Pathways:
More informationProf. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy
Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr.Sanaa Alshaarawy 1 Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: Describe the anatomy and main functions of the thalamus. Name and identify different nuclei
More informationBasal nuclei, cerebellum and movement
Basal nuclei, cerebellum and movement MSTN121 - Neurophysiology Session 9 Department of Myotherapy Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Role: Predict the effects of various actions, then make
More informationThe Nervous System. Anatomy of a Neuron
The Nervous System Chapter 38.1-38.5 Anatomy of a Neuron I. Dendrites II. Cell Body III. Axon Synaptic terminal 1 Neuron Connections dendrites cell body terminal cell body cell body terminals dendrites
More informationBasal Ganglia. Introduction. Basal Ganglia at a Glance. Role of the BG
Basal Ganglia Shepherd (2004) Chapter 9 Charles J. Wilson Instructor: Yoonsuck Choe; CPSC 644 Cortical Networks Introduction A set of nuclei in the forebrain and midbrain area in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
More informationNsci 2100: Human Neuroanatomy 2017 Examination 3
Name KEY Lab Section Nsci 2100: Human Neuroanatomy 2017 Examination 3 On this page, write your name and lab section. On your bubble answer sheet, enter your name (last name, space, first name), internet
More informationPsychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 2 The Role of Biology in Psychology 1 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2.1 How Do Our Nervous Systems Affect
More informationPhysiology Unit 2 CONSCIOUSNESS, THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
Physiology Unit 2 CONSCIOUSNESS, THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR What the Brain Does The nervous system determines states of consciousness and produces complex behaviors Any given neuron may have as many as 200,000
More informationCephalization. Nervous Systems Chapter 49 11/10/2013. Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells
Nervous Systems Chapter 49 Cephalization Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells Nervous system organization usually correlates with lifestyle Organization of the vertebrate
More informationThe Wonders of the Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia The Wonders of the Basal Ganglia by Mackenzie Breton and Laura Strong /// https://kin450- neurophysiology.wikispaces.com/basal+ganglia Introduction The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei
More informationA sketch of the central nervous system and its origins. MIT 9.14 Classes 31
A sketch of the central nervous system and its origins G. E. Schneider 2014 Part 9: Hypothalamus & Limbic System MIT 9.14 Classes 31 The vertebrate medial pallium; in mammals: the hippocampal formation
More information神經解剖學 NEUROANATOMY BASAL NUCLEI 盧家鋒助理教授臺北醫學大學醫學系解剖學暨細胞生物學科臺北醫學大學醫學院轉譯影像研究中心.
神經解剖學 NEUROANATOMY BASAL NUCLEI 盧家鋒助理教授臺北醫學大學醫學系解剖學暨細胞生物學科臺北醫學大學醫學院轉譯影像研究中心 http://www.ym.edu.tw/~cflu OUTLINE Components and Pathways of the Basal Nuclei Functions and Related Disorders of the Basal Nuclei
More informationSincerely, Ms. Paoloni and Mrs. Whitney
Dear Students, Welcome to AP Psychology! We will begin our course of study focusing on the nervous system with a particular emphasis on how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors. In preparation
More informationCOGS 269. Lecture 1 Spring 2018
COGS 269 Lecture 1 Spring 2018 Psychological Experience Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience Dissociation experiments (patients with brain damage) Neuroimaging experiments Computational modeling Brain damage
More informationAnatomy of the Hippocampus
Anatomy of the Hippocampus Lecture 3.2 David S. Touretzky September, 2015 Human Hippocampus 2 Human Hippocampus 3 Hippocampus Means Seahorse Dissected human hippocampus next to a specimen of hippocampus
More informationMorris water maze: standard test for spatial memory in rodents
Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 34 Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 35 Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 36 Vertebrate Models: The Hippocampus 37 Animal Models of Learning (Vertebrates) Morris water
More informationPhysiology Unit 2 CONSCIOUSNESS, THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
Physiology Unit 2 CONSCIOUSNESS, THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR In Physiology Today What the Brain Does The nervous system determines states of consciousness and produces complex behaviors Any given neuron may
More informationBasal Ganglia. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Basal Ganglia Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Graduate School Discussion Wednesday, Nov 1, 11:00am MoosT 2-690 with Paul Mermelstein (invite your friends)
More informationNervous System, Neuroanatomy, Neurotransmitters
Nervous System, Neuroanatomy, Neurotransmitters Neurons Structure of neurons Soma Dendrites Spines Axon Myelin Nodes of Ranvier Neurons Structure of neurons Axon collaterals 1 Neurons Structure of neurons
More informationCerebral Cortex 1. Sarah Heilbronner
Cerebral Cortex 1 Sarah Heilbronner heilb028@umn.edu Want to meet? Coffee hour 10-11am Tuesday 11/27 Surdyk s Overview and organization of the cerebral cortex What is the cerebral cortex? Where is each
More informationNST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5)
NST II Psychology NST II Neuroscience (Module 5) Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition 4 Forms of memory. Neural basis of memory (1): amnesia, the hippocampus Rudolf Cardinal Department of Experimental
More informationNeurotransmitter Systems III Neurochemistry. Reading: BCP Chapter 6
Neurotransmitter Systems III Neurochemistry Reading: BCP Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Normal function of the human brain requires an orderly set of chemical reactions. Some of the most important
More informationFull file at TEST BANK. R.H. Ettinger. Eastern Oregon University. Psychopharmacology. 1/e. R.H. Ettinger
TEST BANK R.H. Ettinger Eastern Oregon University Psychopharmacology 1/e R.H. Ettinger Eastern Oregon University Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam
More information1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or to the head TA (jcolas).
Bi/CNS/NB 150 Problem Set 5 Due: Tuesday, Nov. 24, at 4:30 pm Instructions: 1) Drop off in the Bi 150 box outside Baxter 331 or e-mail to the head TA (jcolas). 2) Submit with this cover page. 3) Use a
More informationPSY 315 Lecture 11 (2/23/2011) (Motor Control) Dr. Achtman PSY 215. Lecture 11 Topic: Motor System Chapter 8, pages
Corrections: No Corrections Announcements: Exam #2 next Wednesday, March 2, 2011 Monday February 28, 2011 we will be going over the somatosensory system, and there will be time left in class to review
More informationThe motor regulator. 2) The cerebellum
The motor regulator 2) The cerebellum Motor control systems outside the cortex Cerebellum -controls neural programs for the executionl of skilled movements Feed-back and feed-forward control circuits By
More informationThe Neuroscience of Addiction: A mini-review
The Neuroscience of Addiction: A mini-review Jim Morrill, MD, PhD MGH Charlestown HealthCare Center Massachusetts General Hospital Disclosures Neither I nor my spouse/partner has a relevant financial relationship
More informationOrganization of the nervous system. [See Fig. 48.1]
Nervous System [Note: This is the text version of this lecture file. To make the lecture notes downloadable over a slow connection (e.g. modem) the figures have been replaced with figure numbers as found
More informationStudy Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003
Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003 Subcortical Anatomy 1. Be able to locate the following structures and be able to indicate whether they are located in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, pons,
More informationChapter 3. Structure and Function of the Nervous System. Copyright (c) Allyn and Bacon 2004
Chapter 3 Structure and Function of the Nervous System 1 Basic Features of the Nervous System Neuraxis: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the length of the central nervous system, from the
More informationAcetylcholine (ACh) Action potential. Agonists. Drugs that enhance the actions of neurotransmitters.
Acetylcholine (ACh) The neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles; also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming. (See
More informationCerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis
97 Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas and Memory Tutis Vilis a) Name the 5 main subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. Frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal, and limbic (on the medial side) b) Locate the
More informationDeclarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and
Gallo Taste Learning and Memory in Aging Milagros Gallo, PhD Declarative memory includes semantic, episodic, and spatial memory, and in humans involves conscious recall. 1 Visual recognition memory is
More information1/2/2019. Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum a quick overview. Outcomes you want to accomplish. MHD-Neuroanatomy Neuroscience Block. Basal ganglia review
This power point is made available as an educational resource or study aid for your use only. This presentation may not be duplicated for others and should not be redistributed or posted anywhere on the
More informationprocesses in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting many of the during the course of ethanol treatment. Ethanol stimulates the release of
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Neuroscience research is essential for understanding the biological basis of ethanol-related brain alterations and for identifying the molecular targets for therapeutic compounds
More informationNervous System and Brain Review. Bio 3201
Nervous System and Brain Review Bio 3201 Dont worry about: glial cells Oligodendrocytes Satelite cells etc Nervous System - Vital to maintaining homeostasis in organisms - Comprised of : brain, spinal
More information