Psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior are known as.

Transcription

1 Test Bank Understanding Psychology 12th Edition Feldman Completed download: Chapter 03 Neuroscience and Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior are known as. genetic psychologists biopsychologists evolutionary psychologists clinical neuropsychologists APA Outcome: 1.1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-1 Topic: Neurons 3-1

2 2. Alison has developed an interest in the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior. She will most likely become a(n): genetic psychologist. behavioral neuroscientist. evolutionary psychologist. clinical neuropsychologist. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-1 Topic: Neurons 3-2

3 3. The basic elements of the nervous system are called: axons. glial cells. neurons. neurotransmitters. APA Outcome: 1.1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurons 3-3

4 4. As many as neurons throughout the body are involved in the control of behavior. 1 billion 1 trillion 5 million 50 million Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurons 3-4

5 5. Neurons are physically held in place by. axons glial cells dendrites myelin cells Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurons 3-5

6 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells? They nourish nerve cells. They communicate messages within the nervous system. They help repair damage that might occur to neurons. They provide nourishment to neurons. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: How Neurons Fire 3-6

7 7. A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called: axon. terminal button. glial fiber. dendrite. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Nervous System 3-7

8 8. Compare your forearm, palm, wrist, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the dendrites would be your: forearm. fingers. wrist. palm. Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Nervous System 3-8

9 9. An axon is a: neuron's cell body. cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron. support cell in the nervous system. long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Nervous System 3-9

10 10. Which of the following structures is especially important for carrying messages received by the dendrites to other neurons? Neurotransmitter Synapse Axon Glial cell Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Nervous System 3-10

11 11. Terminal buttons are found at the end of: neurotransmitters. dendrites. axons. glial cells. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Nervous System 3-11

12 12. Which of the following sequences correctly arranges nervous system structures from the most general to the most specific? Neuron axon terminal button Neuron terminal button axon Axon terminal button neuron Axon neuron terminal button Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Nervous System 3-12

13 13. Dendrite is to axon what is to. receiving; sending sending; receiving reuptake; action potential action potential; reuptake Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: How Neurons Fire 3-13

14 14. Compare your forearm, palm, knuckles, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the axon would be your: forearm. fingers. palm. knuckles. Bloom's: Apply Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: How Neurons Fire 3-14

15 15. Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another? Dendrite axon cell body Dendrite cell body axon Cell body axon dendrite Axon dendrite cell body Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-15

16 16. Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by the: myelin sheath. glial cells. terminal buttons. synapse. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-16

17 17. is a protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon. Myelin sheath Glial cell Dendrite Synapse Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-17

18 18. You cannot fire a gun softly, or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gun fire and a toilet's flush follow the law. incremental transformation graded action all-or-none intensity of stimulus Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: How Neurons Fire 3-18

19 19. The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the law. intensity of stimulus graded action all-or-none incremental transformational Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: How Neurons Fire 3-19

20 20. The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within a neuron is known as the state. triggering terminal optimum resting Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Speed of Transmission 3-20

21 21. Regarding action potentials, which of the following statements is TRUE? As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. The action potential moves from one end of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse. After the impulse has passed through a particular section of the axon, negative ions are pumped out of that section, and its charge returns to positive while the action potential continues to move along the axon. Just after an action potential has passed through a section of the axon, a neuron can fire again immediately if it receives appropriate stimulation. Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Speed of Transmission 3-21

22 22. As an action potential occurs, the neuron's electrical charge: changes from negative to neutral. changes from positive to neutral. changes from negative to positive. changes from positive to negative. Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Speed of Transmission 3-22

23 23. are specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior. Pharyngeal motor neuron Mirror neurons Ventral cord motor neuron Amphid neurons Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Mirror Neurons 3-23

24 24. Regarding mirror neurons, which of the following statements is ACCURATE? Mirror neurons are involved in face recognition and language acquisition, but not in empathy. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and face recognition, but not in language acquisition. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy, language acquisition, and face recognition. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and language acquisition, but not in face recognition. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Mirror Neurons 3-24

25 25. A synapse is a: chemical. signal. joint. gap. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Synapse 3-25

26 26. is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages. Synapse Terminal button Axon Cell body Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Synapse 3-26

27 27. Which of the following statements regarding inhibitory messages is TRUE? Inhibitory messages always increase the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire. Inhibitory messages decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire. The dendrites of a neuron cannot receive both excitatory and inhibitory messages simultaneously. Inhibitory messages make it more likely that an action potential will travel down its axon. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-27

28 28. The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button is termed as: recycling. reassertion. reuptake. reuse. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-28

29 29. Which neurotransmitter is described INCORRECTLY? Acetylcholine transmits messages related to skeletal muscles GABA an excitatory neurotransmitter inhibited by alcohol or tranquilizers Serotonin helps regulate sleep and mood Glutamate plays a role in memory Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-29

30 30. The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in: the brain's effort to deal with pain. Alzheimer's disease. the regulation of sleep, eating, mood, and pain. movement, attention, and learning. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-30

31 31. Which neurotransmitter is CORRECTLY matched with a psychological function? Relief of pain glutamate Regulates mood acetylcholine Facilitates learning dopamine Contributes to memory serotonin Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-31

32 32. Which disorder is CORRECTLY paired with an associated neurotransmitter? Parkinson's disease: dopamine Depression: glutamate Schizophrenia: serotonin Alzheimer's disease: endorphins Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-32

33 33. Inhibitory is to excitatory what is to. glutamate; GABA glutamate; acetylcholine GABA; glutamate endorphins; GABA Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-33

34 34. Which expression below most closely approximates the number of neural connections in the brain? 10 quadrillion 1 million 1 billion 1 trillion Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Central Nervous System 3-34

35 35. The nervous system is divided into the and the nervous systems. primary; secondary somatic; autonomic sympathetic; parasympathetic central; peripheral Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Central Nervous System 3-35

36 36. The brain and the spinal cord constitute the nervous system. central peripheral extraneous parasympathetic APA Outcome: 1.1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Central Nervous System 3-36

37 37. is an automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus. Action potential Intuition Instinct Reflex Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Nervous System 3-37

38 38. The is the main means for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. cortex medulla axon spinal cord Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Nervous System 3-38

39 39. Which of the following is TRUE of the spinal cord's control of behavior? The spinal cord cannot control any behaviors without the help of the brain. The spinal cord is not involved in reflexes. The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain's help. The spinal cord can control relatively complex behavior without the brain's help. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Nervous System 3-39

40 40. The central nervous system is composed of. The peripheral nervous system comprises. the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the brain and the spinal cord the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems the brain and the spinal cord; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Central Nervous System 3-40

41 41. Sensory is to motor what is to. efferent; afferent afferent; efferent afferent; interneuron interneuron; efferent Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-41

42 42. communicate information in the opposite direction, from the brain and nervous system to muscles and glands. Mirror neurons Amphid neurons Motor neurons Autoneurons Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-42

43 43. The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the and divisions. somatic; autonomic sympathetic; parasympathetic afferent; efferent sensory; motor Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-43

44 44. is the part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organs. Somatic division Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Autonomic division Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-44

45 45. Somatic is to autonomic what is to. involuntary; voluntary voluntary; involuntary excitation; rest rest; excitation Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-45

46 46. The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism's resources to respond to a threat is known as the. somatic division sympathetic division parasympathetic division apathetic division Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-46

47 47. The "fight-or-flight" response is associated with the division. somatic sympathetic parasympathetic apathetic Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-47

48 48. The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to calm the body after an emergency has ended is known as the division. somatic sympathetic parasympathetic apathetic Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-48

49 49. The division also directs the body to store energy for use in emergencies. somatic sympathetic parasympathetic apathetic Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-49

50 50. Which of the following situations is most likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system? Brooke's finger accidentally grazes the hot iron; she immediately jerks her hand away. After mistaking her roommate for a thief, Callum relaxes after having a glass of water. Walking toward her car in a deserted parking lot one night, Danica is surprised by a strange man appearing from nowhere. Peyton is preparing to go to bed and is alarmed to see a stranger at her window. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Peripheral Nervous System 3-50

51 51. With respect to its potential basis in nervous system activity, "voodoo death" has been attributed to: an overactive sympathetic nervous system. an overactive parasympathetic nervous system. the cessation of sympathetic nervous system responses. an understimulated central nervous system. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Autonomic Division 3-51

52 52. Izzy sees a leopard in her backyard. Her pupils are dilated and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her nervous system is active. parasympathetic sympathetic apathetic somatic Bloom's: Apply Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Autonomic Division 3-52

53 53. Which of the following terms best describes the organization of the nervous system today? Linear Recursive Hierarchical Random Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Evolutionary Foundations of Nervous System 3-53

54 54. The branch of psychology that seeks to identify behavior patterns that are a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors is known as. social psychology health psychology clinical psychology evolutionary psychology Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Evolutionary Foundations of Nervous System 3-54

55 55. Evolutionary psychologists have spawned a new and increasingly influential field known as: social psychology. health psychology. molecular genetics. behavioral genetics. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Evolutionary Foundations of Nervous System 3-55

56 56. The study of the effects of heredity on how people conduct themselves is known as. behavioral genetics classical genetics development genetics molecular genetics Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Evolutionary Foundations of Nervous System 3-56

57 57. Dr. Schilling is investigating the potential genetic basis of antisocial personality disorder by examining the relative prevalence of the disorder among either identical or fraternal twins, raised either together or in different families. Dr. Schilling is best described as a. behavioral geneticist classical geneticist development geneticist molecular geneticist APA Outcome: 4.2 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of the nervous system's main divisions. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Evolutionary Foundations of Nervous System 3-57

58 58. Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system? They operate entirely independently. The endocrine system is part of the central nervous system. The endocrine system influences and is influenced by the central nervous system. The central nervous system is one part of the endocrine system. Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-58

59 59. A key component of the endocrine system is the tiny gland, which is found near and regulated by the in the brain. adrenal; hippocampus pituitary; hippocampus adrenal; hypothalamus pituitary; hypothalamus Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-59

60 60. The gland is a major component of the endocrine system which secretes hormones that control growth and other parts of the endocrine system. esophageal apocrine parotid pituitary Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-60

61 61. The gland has sometimes been called the "master gland" because it controls the functioning of the rest of the endocrine system. pituitary esophageal apocrine parotid Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-61

62 62. The hormone oxytocin has been implicated in each of the following behaviors EXCEPT the: urge to nurse newborn infants. desire to seek or respond to potential sexual partners. development of trust in others. tendency to produce violent, dangerous behavior. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-62

63 63. Which of the following glands or structures is CORRECTLY matched with the hormone it produces? Pineal gland; insulin Pancreas; serotonin Medulla; melatonin Pituitary gland; oxytocin Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-63

64 64. Which of the following hormones is CORRECTLY matched with its function? Aldosterone regulates daily rhythms Erythropoietin regulates the sodium and potassium balance in the blood Adipokines regulate the production of red blood cells Steroids bulk up one's muscles Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-64

65 65. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding hormone replacement therapy as a treatment for menopausal symptoms? It is used less frequently now than in the past. It is the only treatment that does not have any side effects. Its benefits outweigh its risks. It has become increasingly popular. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-65

66 66. Your friend is considering using steroids to increase muscle mass. You would warn him that steroid abuse can lead to: violent, dangerous behavior. obesity. autism. Type II diabetes. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 3-66

67 67. Which of the following is NOT a brain-scanning technique? Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electromyogram (EMG) Positron emission tomography (PET) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) APA Outcome: 2.2 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Endocrine System 3-67

68 68. Which brain-scanning technique below is CORRECTLY matched with its description? EEG records the brain's electrical activity with electrodes PET causes a momentary interruption of the brain's electrical activity fmri traces biochemical activity in the brain TMS produces a graph of electrical wave patterns APA Outcome: 2.2 Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 3-68

69 69. Which brain-scanning technique below is INCORRECTLY matched with its diagnostic use? EEG facilitates the diagnosis of epilepsy and learning disorders PET may help identify brain tumors fmri improves diagnosis of strokes and multiple sclerosis TMS facilitates the diagnosis of nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 3-69

70 70. Brent is taking part in an experiment in the cognitive neuroscience lab on campus. Silently, he reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. Simultaneously, the electrical activity of his brain is recorded through skull electrodes. The brain-scanning technique used in this study is: fmri. PET. EEG. TMS. APA Outcome: 2.2 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 3-70

71 71. The newest brain-scanning technique which is popularly used is: PET. EEG. TMS. fmri. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 3-71

72 72. Marisol is trying a new treatment for severe depression. Brief magnetic pulses are sent through her brain. Marisol is undergoing: optogenetic therapy. transcranial magnetic stimulation. positron emission tomography. functional magnetic resonance imaging. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 3-72

73 73. Soon, it may be possible to view the activity of individual neural circuits, due to the emerging field of: optogenetics. synaptic reflectance. neurogenetics. transcranial magnetic stimulation. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 3-73

74 74. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brain's central core? Hippocampus Cerebellum Pons Reticular formation Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Structure 3-74

75 75. The hindbrain includes each of the following structures EXCEPT the: medulla. thalamus. pons. cerebellum. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Structure 3-75

76 76. The part of the brain closest to the spinal cord is the ; it is important for functions such as. cerebellum; maintaining body temperature cerebellum; heart rate and respiration medulla; maintaining body temperature medulla; heart rate and respiration Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Structure 3-76

77 77. The pons serves to: regulate arousal. relay sensory information to the brain's association areas. integrate movement between the left and right halves of the body. consolidate memories. Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Structure 3-77

78 78. The part of the brain that controls bodily balance is the. hypothalamus thalamus reticular formation cerebellum Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-78

79 79. Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves' is functioning poorly. thalamus cerebellum corpus callosum reticular formation APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-79

80 80. The part of the brain extending from the medulla through the pons and made up of groups of nerve cells that can immediately activate other parts of the brain to produce general bodily arousal is known as the. reticular formation thalamus cerebellum limbic system Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-80

81 81. The thalamus may be likened to a(n): amplifier. receiver. filter. relay station. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-81

82 82. The is the part of the brain that is located in the middle of the central core and acts primarily to relay information about the senses. thalamus cerebellum hypothalamus amygdala Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-82

83 83. The is a tiny part of the brain that maintains homeostasis and produces and regulates vital behavior such as eating, drinking, and sexual behavior. medulla cerebellum amygdala hypothalamus Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-83

84 84. Pizza! Beer! Sex! Our motivation or drive for such things is based on the activity of the brain region known as the: hypothalamus. thalamus. hippocampus. amygdala. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-84

85 85. The maintains a steady internal environment for the body. thalamus amygdala hypothalamus hippocampus Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-85

86 86. The in the brain contributes to the body's maintenance of a steady internal physiological state called. thalamus; homeostasis hypothalamus; homeostasis hippocampus; equilibrium thalamus; equilibrium Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-86

87 87. The limbic system contains which of the following structures? Amygdala Pons Thalamus Corpus callosum Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 3-87

88 88. The structures of the jointly control a variety of basic functions relating to emotions and self-preservation such as eating, aggression, and reproduction. central core of the brain endocrine system limbic system cerebral cortex Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the limbic system's key structures and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Limbic System 3-88

89 89. Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy. However, Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences now, although he does remember past events. Most likely, the surgery destroyed a portion of the in Darnell's brain. amygdala striatum medulla hippocampus APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Identify the limbic system's key structures and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Limbic System 3-89

90 90. The is referred to as the "new brain." hindbrain limbic system cerebral cortex central core Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-90

91 91. Which of the following sequences correctly identifies the orders of the lobes of the cortex, from anterior to posterior? Frontal temporal and parietal posterior Occipital temporal and parietal frontal Frontal occipital temporal and parietal Frontal temporal and parietal occipital Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-91

92 92. In which lobe is the motor area located? Occipital Frontal Parietal Temporal Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-92

93 93. The area is part of the cortex that is largely responsible for the body's voluntary movement. attribution sensory motor association Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-93

94 94. In a neurophysiological investigation, a monkey makes an involuntary gesture when a portion of its brain is electrically stimulated. The area of the brain that was most likely stimulated is the: parietal lobe. frontal lobe. temporal lobe. occipital lobe. APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-94

95 95. The area is the site in the brain of the tissue that corresponds to each of the senses, with the degree of sensitivity related to the amount of tissue. attribution sensory motor association Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-95

96 96. The somatosensory area is to the auditory area what the lobe is to the lobe. temporal; parietal parietal; occipital occipital; parietal parietal; temporal Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-96

97 97. The visual area in the cortex is located in the. frontal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe parietal lobe APA Outcome: 1.1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-97

98 98. The brain injury suffered by 19th-century railroad worker Phineas Gage allowed psychologists to learn about the functions of the brain's: association areas. central core. limbic system. sensory areas. APA Outcome: 1.1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-98

99 99. The areas are considered to be the site of higher mental processes such as thinking, language, memory, and speech. sensory attribution motor association APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-99

100 100. Which of the following is NOT an executive function? Recalling information Setting goals Controlling impulses Making judgments APA Outcome: 1.1 Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-100

101 101. Violet's speech is slow and labored; however, she can understand others' speech. Violet has: Broca's aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia. dyslexia. dyscalculia. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-101

102 102. Warren suffers from Wernicke's aphasia. Which of the following difficulties will he experience? Warren will experience an inability to recognize faces. Warren will have difficulty recognizing objects visually. Warren will have trouble producing fluent speech. Warren will experience difficulty understanding language. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 3-102

103 103. The process by which the brain reorganizes itself throughout development is termed: neuroformation. neuroplasticity. neuroadaptation. neuromutability. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Define plasticity and describe the brain's capacity for recovery and repair. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Neuroplasticity 3-103

104 104. is the creation of new neurons. Neurogenesis Neuroadaptation Neuromutability Neuropathy Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Define plasticity and describe the brain's capacity for recovery and repair. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Neuroplasticity 3-104

105 105. Neurogenesis is especially evident in brain areas related to learning and memory. Based on this statement, you might expect neurogenesis to be particularly prevalent in the brain's: thalamus. cerebellum. hippocampus. hypothalamus. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Specialization of Hemispheres 3-105

106 106. Which of the following is TRUE about the brain? New research has confirmed that no new brain cells are created after childhood. The interconnections between neurons become less complex throughout life. Specific experience can modify the way in which information is processed. The brain does not have the ability to shift functions to different locations in cases of surgery. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Specialization of Hemispheres 3-106

107 107. The use of stem cells in research and treatment remains controversial because stem cells come from: nonhuman species. aborted fetuses. genetic engineering in the laboratory. paid adult donors. Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Biofeedback 3-107

108 108. Which of the following statements is most accurate in the context of lateralization of language? It is most likely left-lateralized. It is most likely right-lateralized. The control of language is shared equally between the hemispheres. The lateralization of language varies dramatically from one person to another. APA Outcome: 1.1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-3 Topic: Split Brain 3-108

109 109. Trevor is scratching his head, trying desperately to solve a verbal analogy as part of a standardized entrance examination; Sienna, meanwhile, is giving an oral presentation in a political science class. Of the brain's hemispheres, Trevor's hemisphere is most active; Sienna's hemisphere is most active. right; right left; left right; left left; right Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-3 Topic: Split Brain 3-109

110 110. Kate has suffered damage to the right side of her brain. Which of the following processes is LEAST likely to be affected? Achieving feng shui in her living room by rearranging the couch and the TV Balancing her checkbook Reading that look on her boyfriend's face Thinking that a new song on the radio is really catchy APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-3 Topic: Split Brain 3-110

111 111. The hemispheres of the brain are connected by a bundle of fibers called the: corpus callosum. corpus cerebellum. central sulcus. cerebral cortex. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-3 Topic: Split Brain 3-111

112 112. Ramona is a woman. Stefan is a man. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding potential differences in the corpus callosum between these two individuals? Stefan's corpus callosum is probably the same size as Ramona's. Ramona's corpus callosum is larger than Stefan's. Ramona's corpus callosum is slightly smaller than Stefan's. Stefan's corpus callosum is much larger than Ramona's. Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-3 Topic: Split Brain 3-112

113 113. Which of the following generalizations is probably most accurate regarding potential gender differences in the lateralization of language? No gender differences in the lateralization of language have been found. Language is more strongly left-lateralized among females than among males. Language is more strongly left-lateralized among males than among females. The lateralization of language is variable from one person to another. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-3 Topic: Split Brain 3-113

114 114. People whose corpus callosum has been surgically cut to stop seizures are called. deep-brain patients dual brain patients split-brain patients bicameral patients Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-4 Topic: Split Brain 3-114

115 115. Mrs. Simon has learned to lessen the pain associated with her migraine headaches by voluntarily relaxing specific muscles and reducing her blood pressure. This example illustrates: deep-brain stimulation. biofeedback. split-brain control. transcranial stimulation. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Explain what split-brain research reveals about the functions of the brain's two hemispheres. Learning Outcome: 9-4 Topic: Split Brain Worksheet Questions 116. The myelin sheath is an insulating coat of fat and protein wrapped around an axon. Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurons 3-115

116 117. According to the all-or-none law, neurons are either on or off. Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurons 118. At the cellular level, our ability to empathize with others may reflect the activity of mirror neurons. Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Mirror Neurons 119. Inhibitory message is a chemical message that prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 120. After a long run, Aaron sometimes experiences a feeling of euphoria, a "runners' high," reflecting the activity of neurotransmitters called endorphins. Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 7-3 Topic: Neurotransmitters 3-116

117 121. Afferent neurons transmit information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system. Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Neurotransmitters 122. The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary movement; in contrast, the autonomic nervous system underlies involuntary movement. Learning Objective: Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Nervous System 123. Arif's heart rate and respiration are slowing, and his dilated pupils are contracting. His parasympathetic nervous system has become active. Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Nervous System 124. Evolutionary psychology is the branch of psychology that seeks to identify how behavior is influenced and produced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

118 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the key neurotransmitters and their functions and describe their known or suspected roles in behavior as well as in illnesses. Learning Outcome: 8-1 Topic: Nervous System 125. The tiny pituitary gland is known as the "master gland." Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the function of the endocrine system. Learning Outcome: 8-2 Topic: Endocrine System 126. A technique called EEG (electroencephalogram) records the brain's electrical activity through electrodes. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 127. Wilma has been experiencing memory difficulties, and her doctor is concerned that Wilma may have a brain tumor. He recommends a(n) PET (positron emission tomography) to confirm his diagnosis. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Name the techniques used to map and study the brain. Learning Outcome: 9-1 Topic: Brain Imaging 128. Extending from the medulla, through the midbrain, into the forebrain is the reticular formation, which serves to regulate general bodily arousal

119 Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 129. Information travels from our sensory receptors to the thalamus in the brain, which relays it to higher association areas. Learning Objective: Identify the brain's levels, structures, and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Brain Function 130. The amygdala and hippocampus are found within the brain's limbic system. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: Identify the limbic system's key structures and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Limbic System 131. Epileptics have sometimes had portions of their limbic system removed. Subsequent memory problems may reflect damage to the hippocampus. Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the limbic system's key structures and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Limbic System 132. The cortex has four major sections called lobes

120 Learning Objective: Identify the limbic system's key structures and functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Limbic System 133. The somatosensory area in the parietal lobe encompasses specific locations associated with the ability to perceive touch and pressure in a particular area of the body. Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 134. New neurons are created even during adulthood, in a process called neurogenesis. Learning Objective: Identify the major areas of the cerebral cortex and their functions. Learning Outcome: 9-2 Topic: Cerebral Cortex 135. Vance has learned to voluntarily control the activation of his autonomic nervous system as part of the treatment for an anxiety disorder. This is an example of biofeedback. APA Outcome: 1.3 Bloom's: Apply Learning Objective: Define plasticity and describe the brain's capacity for recovery and repair. Learning Outcome: 9-4 Topic: Biofeedback Essay Questions 3-120

121 136. Draw a typical neuron and label its major parts accurately. Briefly describe the functions of the parts labeled on your diagram. The drawing should contain: (a) dendrites, which should appear as clusters of branchlike extensions from the cell body; (b) the cell body, which should appear as a roundish structure in the center of the diagram; (c) the axon, which should appear as a long tube extending from the cell body; and (d) myelin, which should appear bracketing portions of the axon. The diagram should also include a terminal button, a bulblike ending to the axon. The function of the following structures should be described. Dendrites receive information from other neurons. Axon sends message to another neuron. Myelin insulates one axon from another and speeds neural transmission. APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Neurons 137. Write a note on mirror neurons. Mirror neurons are neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior. Mirror neurons may help explain how (and why) humans have the capacity to understand others' intentions. Specifically, mirror neurons may fire when we view someone doing something, helping us to predict what their goals are and what they may do next. The discovery of mirror neurons suggests that the capacity of even young children to imitate others may be an inborn behavior. Furthermore, mirror neurons may be at the root of empathy those feelings of concern, compassion, and sympathy for others and even the development of language in humans. APA Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's: Understand Learning Objective: Identify the parts of a neuron, and explain how they transmit information. Learning Outcome: 7-2 Topic: Mirror Neurons 3-121