Received 28 July 1997/Accepted 3 November 1997
|
|
- Lorin Bridges
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Feb. 1998, p Vol. 72, No X/98/$ Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Herpesvirus Saimiri-Transformed Human CD4 T-Cell Lines: an Efficient Target Cell System for the Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic CD8 T-Lymphocyte Activity MONIKA BAUER, 1 MARIA LUCCHIARI-HARTZ, 2 HELMUT FICKENSCHER, 3 KLAUS EICHMANN, 2 JANE MCKEATING, 4 AND ANDREAS MEYERHANS 1 * Abteilung Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, 2 and Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, 3 Germany, and School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom 4 Received 28 July 1997/Accepted 3 November 1997 Herpesvirus saimiri growth-transformed human CD4 T lymphocytes were examined for their suitability as a target cell system for investigating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T-cell activity. Besides CD4, they express the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, the common coreceptors of HIV. They are infectible by a range of HIV strains, including primary isolates, becoming efficient targets for CD8-positive HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Abteilung Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, D Freiburg, Germany. Phone: Fax: andreas@sun1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de. Present address: Laboratory of Virus Immunology, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil. HLA class I-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) are believed to play an important role in immune defense against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (3, 25, 35). For example, this antiviral response is considered a major factor in reducing the virus load during primary infection and in controlling virus production thereafter (5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 22, 29, 30, 37). Several assay systems have been used to evaluate the HIV-specific CTL response (19, 28, 36, 38). Most commonly used as target cells are autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- transformed B-cell lines that have been infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing various HIV antigens. While such a target cell system allows the detection of a CTL activity restricted by the complete set of a patient s HLA, only a single variant of a single HIV antigen can be examined. However, one of the features of persistent HIV infection is the continuous generation of novel virus variants with altered antigenic properties (13, 20, 21, 26, 27, 37). As the test antigen of the recombinant vaccinia virus usually differs from the patient s HIV strain, the CTL response can be markedly underestimated (13). To overcome such limitations and to measure the CTL activity against the complex HIV populations, so-called quasispecies, present in patient isolates, an HIV-infectible target cell system is necessary. Ideally, it should be based on CD4-positive T lymphocytes, the main cell type infected in HIV-infected patients, as target cells. Second, it should allow testing of the CTL activity restricted by all the patient s HLA, e.g., by using autologous CD4 T lymphocytes. Third, it should express the main HIV coreceptors, in addition to CD4, to allow for infection with a variety of different HIV isolates (2, 7 10, 39). And fourth, it should respond to HIV infection in a manner similar to that of primary CD4 T lymphocytes, at least in respect to surface marker expression, which is important for recognition of the infected cells by CTL (14, 32). In this respect, the use of established T-cell lines is limited due to their infectibility by CXCR4-dependent virus isolates only, while the use of primary CD4 T cells would require new preparation for each assay. However, herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) growthtransformed human CD4 T lymphocytes should be a promising target cell system, as they can be established from primary CD4 T lymphocytes even from AIDS patients (31) and support efficient replication of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (1, 23, 34). In the present study, the suitability of HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T-cell lines to serve as target cells for the analysis of HIV-specific cytotoxicity was examined. It is shown that such cell lines express the commonly used HIV coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and that they may be infected by a variety of different HIV strains, including primary isolates. CTL-mediated lysis of HIV-infected HVS growth-transformed CD4 T cells is HIV specific and HLA-I restricted. Thus, these cell lines might have broad applications for the study of the complex interaction of HIV quasispecies and the CTL response in an autologous system, as well as of other infections with CD4-tropic viruses. Efficient HIV replication in HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T-cell lines. CD4 T-cell lines were established from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HLAtyped normal blood donors by growth transformation with HVS strain C488 as previously described (4, 11). The cell lines designated KAD and CB15 were 98% CD3 CD4,asassessed by flow cytometry. They are HLA-A2, -A3, -B7, -B27 and HLA-A1, -A24, -B8, -B35, respectively, and were used for subsequent experiments. To determine HIV coreceptor surface expression, KAD and CB15 cells were stained with peptide-purified rabbit anti- CCR5 or anti-cxcr4 immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a first antibody. These were obtained after immunization of rabbits with synthetic peptides comprising the 35 N-terminal amino acids of 1627
2 1628 NOTES J. VIROL. FIG. 1. HIV coreceptor expression and HIV replication kinetics in the HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T-cell lines KAD and CB15. (A through D) Cells were analyzed for surface expression of CXCR4 (A and B) and CCR5 (C and D) by flow cytometry (solid lines). Background fluorescence is shown by dotted lines. (E through H) Cells were infected with HIV derived from the molecular clones HIV-1 plai-2, HIV-1 plaiga (plai-2 nef), and HIV-2 prod (E and F) or with the primary HIV-1 isolates Lai, R/H1865, and S/L2195 (G and H). Culture supernatants were analyzed for RT activity at the time points indicated. Incorporated radioactivity was measured with a Berthold-Inotech Trace-96 (Berthold, Wildbad, Germany). The values obtained are approximately 50-fold lower than those obtained with conventional scintillation counters. both chemokine receptors (ADP7039 and ADP7040; AIDS Directed Program, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom). As the second antibody, biotin-labelled anti-rabbit IgG (Coulter-Immunotech, Hamburg, Germany) was used. The reaction was developed with phycoerythrin-labelled streptavidin (PharMingen, Hamburg, Germany). Fluorescence was measured on a FACSsort flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany). Chemokine receptor expression levels for KAD and CB15 cells (Fig. 1A through D) were in the range of levels for other human HVS growth-transformed CD4 T-cell lines (data not shown). To analyze the replication capacities of various HIV strains in the KAD and CB15 cell lines, cells were infected with viruses derived from infectious molecular clones HIV-1 plai-2, HIV-1 plaiga (plai-2 nef), and HIV-2 prod or with primary isolates (HIV-1 Lai, HIV-1 R/H1865, and HIV-1 S/L2195 ). All but HIV-1 S/L2195 were of the syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype. Infection was carried out with a multiplicity of infection of 0.5, or 5,000 cpm of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Virus production was monitored by testing culture supernatants for RT activity as previously described (24). Both cell lines were permissive for all virus strains tested (Fig. 1E through H). Replication kinetics were comparable to those in other HVS growth-transformed CD4 T-cell lines (23, 34), as well as to those in primary PBMC or primary CD4 T cells (data not shown). Even the replication characteristics of slow/ low and rapid/high viruses HIV-1 S/L2195 and HIV-1 R/H1865, respectively, were preserved. Supernatants of infected cells FIG. 2. Kinetics of HIV-1 Lai antigen expression in the HIV-infected HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T-cell lines KAD and CB15. At days 1 to 4 after infection, permeabilized cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of HIV-1 proteins with a polyclonal patient serum (grey histograms). The fluorescence of uninfected control cells is shown by black histograms. The percentage of HIV antigen-positive cells on each day is indicated.
3 VOL. 72, 1998 NOTES 1629 post-hiv infection, when KAD and CB15 cells showed maximal staining for HIV antigens, CD4 and HLA-I expression was markedly reduced (Fig. 3A and B). Similar observations have been reported for HIV-infected primary CD4 cells and cell lines (12, 14, 33). In contrast, no significant alteration of CD95 was observed (Fig. 3C) Thus, HIV-mediated downregulation of cellular-surface antigens in HVS growth-transformed human CD4 cells is selective for HLA-I and CD4 antigens and is independent of cytopathic effects. HIV-infected HVS growth-transformed CD4 T-cell lines are efficient targets for HIV-specific CTL-mediated lysis. To analyze CTL-mediated recognition of HIV-infected HVS growth-transformed CD4 T-cell lines, cells were infected with HIV-1 plai-2. Specific lysis was determined 2 to 5 days postinfection by using a previously described HLA-A2 and HLA-B7-restricted HIV-1 Nef-specific CTL line as effector cells (17, 18). Maximal specific lysis of infected cells of around 75% was observed 3 and 4 days postinfection (Fig. 4A). This correlated well with the kinetics of HIV antigen detection in infected KAD cells (Fig. 2). Target cell lysis was HIV specific, as uninfected control cells showed background lysis of only around 15%. At day 5 postinfection, some cytopathic effects were visible in the culture, which might explain the reduction of the CTL-mediated lysis to 50% (Fig. 4A). Antigen FIG. 3. Modulation of surface antigen expression in the HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T-cell lines KAD and CB15 by HIV-1 plai-2. Three days after HIV-1 infection, expression of CD4 (A), HLA-I (B), and CD95 (C) was measured by flow cytometry (black histograms) and compared to the respective uninfected cells (grey histograms). Background fluorescence is shown by filled histograms. were always negative for infectious herpesvirus. Thus, HVS growth-transformed human CD4 cell lines express CCR5 and CXCR4, are susceptible to monocytotropic and T-cell-tropic primary virus isolates, and seem not to alter the growth properties of slow/low and rapid/high viruses. HIV antigens are expressed in HIV-infected HVS growthtransformed CD4 T-cell lines before the appearance of cytopathic effects. To determine the kinetics of HIV antigen expression after infection of HVS growth-transformed CD4 T cells, HIV-1 plai-2-infected KAD and CB15 cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.5% Nonidet P-40. HIV antigens were stained first with a polyclonal serum that recognized gp41, gp120, p24, p55, and Nef on a Western blot (data not shown). As the second antibody, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled anti-human IgG (Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany) was used. Fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry 1 to 4 days after infection (Fig. 2). On day 2, a significant proportion of the infected cells were already antigen positive. Without the appearance of cytopathic effects, their frequency increased further, to more than 90%. Effect of HIV infection on the expression of surface antigens on HVS growth-transformed CD4 T-cell lines. Previous reports have shown that HIV alters the expression of cell surface molecules involved in CTL-mediated cytotoxicity, such as HLA class I (14, 32). To analyze such effects on HVS growth-transformed CD4 T cells, KAD and CB15 were infected with HIV-1 plai-2 and stained 3 days postinfection with W6/32 (anti-hla-i; Dako, Hamburg, Germany), UB2 (anti-cd95; Coulter-Immunotech, Hamburg, Germany), or MT310 (anti- CD4; Dako) as the first antibody, and FITC-labelled antimouse IgG (Sigma) as the second antibody. Uninfected cells were stained accordingly and used as references. At day 3 FIG. 4. CTL-mediated HIV-1 Nef-specific lysis of HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T cells. Either HLA-A2- and HLA-B7-restricted HIV-1 Nefspecific CTL (A through C) or an HLA-A1- and HLA-A24-matched, oligospecific CTL line (D) was incubated with HIV-1 plai-2-infected ( ) or uninfected ( ) 51 Cr-labelled target cells. Specific lysis was determined by a standard 51 Cr release assay. (A) Lysis of infected KAD target cells at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 100:1 is shown at days 2, 3, 4, and 5 postinfection. (B) Lysis of infected KAD target cells is Nef specific, HLA-I restricted, and Ca 2 dependent. Only HIV with an intact nef gene (plai-2 [ ]), not a nef HIV (plaiga [E], sensitized target cells for lysis. Target cell lysis could be inhibited by the anti-hla-i antibody W6/32 (µ), and by addition of EGTA ( ). Lysis was measured 3 days postinfection and is shown for different effector-to-target cell ratios. (C) HIVinfected HLA-mismatched CB15 cells were not lysed. (D) HIV-infected CB15 cells can be lysed by an HLA-matched CTL line.
4 1630 NOTES J. VIROL. specificity, HLA restriction, and Ca 2 dependence of target cell lysis were demonstrated as follows. (i) When KAD cells were infected with HIV-1 plaiga, which lacks a functional nef gene, lysis by the Nef-specific CTL line was not observed (Fig. 4B). (ii) CTL-mediated lysis of infected KAD cells was abrogated by the addition of antibodies against HLA-I (W6/32) or by the addition of 6 mm EGTA (Fig. 4B). (iii) Likewise, HLA-mismatched HIV-infected CB15 cells were not lysed (Fig. 4C), while CTL-mediated lysis was observed with an HLA-matched, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated HIV-1-oligospecific CTL line (Fig. 4D). In conclusion, HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T- cell lines represent an efficient target cell system for the analysis of HIV-specific cellular immune responses. They express the commonly used coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4, and consequently they can be infected by a variety of HIV strains, including primary isolates. CTL-mediated lysis of infected cells was HIV specific and HLA-I restricted. Because HIV infection downregulates HLA class I in a manner similar to that observed in primary CD4 T lymphocytes but does not affect surface expression of CD95, these cells might be suitable both for testing the effect of HLA expression levels on target cell recognition and for investigating Fas-mediated lysis. Furthermore, as HIV-infected HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T cells express the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in amounts comparable to those in EBV-transformed B cells (data not shown), they should be useful as stimulator cells in the amplification of HIV-specific CTL responses. These findings, and the recent observations that HVS growth-transformed human CD4 T-cell lines can be established even with cells from AIDS patients (31), indicate that these cell lines may have broad utility for studying the complex interaction of HIV quasispecies and the CTL response. We thank Otto Haller and Bernhard Fleckenstein for continuous interest in the work and Simon Wain-Hobson for critical comments. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Zentrum klinische Forschung (M.B. and A.M.), the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (H.F.), and the Medical Research Council, ADP, Programme EVA, and the Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine (J.M.). REFERENCES 1. Alexander, L., Z. Du, M. Rosenzweig, J. U. Jung, and R. C. Desrosiers A role for natural simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef alleles in lymphocyte activation. J. Virol. 71: Alkhatib, G., C. Combadiere, C. C. Broder, Y. Feng, P. E. Kennedy, and P. M. B. Murphy CC-CKRS: a RANTES, MIP-1-alpha, MIP-1-beta receptor as a fusion coreceptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 272: Autran, B., F. Hadida, and G. Haas Evolution and plasticity of CTL responses against HIV. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8: Biesinger, B., I. Muller Fleckenstein, B. Simmer, G. Lang, S. Wittmann, E. Platzer, R. C. Desrosiers, and B. Fleckenstein Stable growth transformation of human T lymphocytes by herpesvirus saimiri. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: Borrow, P., H. Lewicki, B. H. Hahn, G. M. Shaw, and M. B. Oldstone Virus-specific CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 68: Carmichael, A., X. Jin, P. Sissons, and L. Borysiewicz Quantitative analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response at different stages of HIV-1 infection: differential CTL responses to HIV-1 and Epstein-Barr virus in late disease. J. Exp. Med. 177: Choe, H., M. Farzan, Y. Sun, N. Sullivan, B. Rollins, P. D. Ponath, L. J. M. Wu, G. Larosa, W. Newman, N. Gerard, C. Gerard, and J. Sodroski The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell 85: Deng, H. K., R. Liu, W. Ellmeier, S. Choe, D. Unutmaz, M. Burkhart, P. Dimarzio, S. Marmon, R. E. Sutton, C. M. Hill, C. B. Davis, S. C. Peiper, T. J. L. Schall, and N. R. Landau Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature 381: Dragic, T., V. Litwin, G. P. Allaway, S. R. Martin, Y. X. Huang, K. A. C. Nagashima, P. J. Maddon, R. A. Koup, J. P. Moore, and W. A. Paxton HIV-1 entry into CD4( ) cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature 381: Feng, Y., C. C. Broder, P. E. Kennedy, and E. A. Berger HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cdna cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G proteincoupled receptor. Science 272: Fickenscher, H., and B. Fleckenstein Growth-transformation of human cells. Methods Microbiol. 25: Garcia, J. V., and A. D. Miller Serine phosphorylation-independent downregulation of cell-surface CD4 by nef. Nature 350: Haas, G., U. Plikat, P. Debre, M. Lucchiari, C. Katlama, Y. Dudoit, O. Bonduelle, M. Bauer, H.-G. Ihlenfeldt, G. Jung, B. Maier, A. Meyerhans, and B. Autran Dynamics of viral variants in HIV-1 Nef and specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. J. Immunol. 157: Kerkau, T., R. Schmitt-Landgraf, A. Schimpl, and E. Wecker Downregulation of HLA class I antigens in HIV-1-infected cells. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 5: Klein, M. R., C. A. van Baalen, A. M. Holwerda, S. R. Kerkhof Garde, R. J. K. Bende, J. K. Eeftinck-Schattenkerk, A. D. Osterhaus, and H. M. Schuitemaker Kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics. J. Exp. Med. 181: Koup, R. A., J. T. Safrit, Y. Cao, C. A. Andrews, G. McLeod, W. F. Borkowsky, and D. D. Ho Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J. Virol. 68: Lucchiari, M., G. Niedermann, C. Leipner, A. Meyerhans, K. Eichmann, and B. Maier Human immune response to HIV-1 Nef. I. CD45RO T lymphocytes of non-infected donors contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors at high frequencies. Int. Immunol. 6: Lucchiari-Hartz, M., M. Bauer, G. Niedermann, B. Maier, A. Meyerhans, and K. Eichmann Human immune response to HIV-1 Nef. II. Induction of HIV-1/HIV-2 Nef cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of non-infected healthy individuals. Int. Immunol. 8: McElrath, M. J., M. Rabin, M. Hoffman, S. Klucking, J. V. Garcia, and P. D. Greenberg Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses utilizing B-lymphoblastoid cell lines transduced with the CD4 gene and infected with HIV-1. J. Virol. 68: Meyerhans, A., R. Cheynier, J. Albert, M. Seth, S. Kwok, J. Sninsky, L. Morfeldt Manson, B. Asjö, and S. Wain-Hobson Temporal fluctuations in HIV quasispecies in vivo are not reflected by sequential HIV isolations. Cell 58: Meyerhans, A., G. Dadaglio, J. P. Vartanian, P. Langlade-Demoyen, R. Frank, B. Asjö, F. Plata, and S. Wain-Hobson In vivo persistence of a HIV-1-encoded HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope despite specific in vitro reactivity. Eur. J. Immunol. 21: Moss, P. A., S. L. Rowland-Jones, P. M. Frodsham, S. McAdam, P. M. M. Giangrande, and J. I. Bell Persistent high frequency of human immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in peripheral blood of infected donors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: Nick, S., H. Fickenscher, B. Biesinger, G. Born, G. Jahn, and B. Fleckenstein Herpesvirus saimiri transformed human T cell lines: a permissive system for human immunodeficiency viruses. Virology 194: Nietfeld, W., M. Bauer, M. Fevrier, R. Maier, B. Holzwarth, R. Frank, B. Maier, Y. Riviere, and A. Meyerhans Sequence constraints and recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes of an HLA-B27 restricted HIV-1 gag epitope. J. Immunol. 154: Nixon, D. F., and A. J. McMichael Cytotoxic T-cell recognition of HIV proteins and peptides. AIDS 5: Nowak, M. A., R. M. May, R. E. Phillips, S. Rowland-Jones, D. G. Lalloo, S. McAdam, P. Klenerman, B. Koeppe, K. Sigmund, C. R. M. Bangham, and A. J. McMichael Antigenic oscillations and shifting immunodominance in HIV-1 infections. Nature 375: Phillips, R. E., S. Rowland-Jones, D. F. Nixon, F. M. Gotch, J. P. Edwards, A. O. Ogunlesi, J. G. Elvin, J. A. Rothbard, C. R. Bangham, C. R. Rizza, and A. J. McMichael Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition. Nature 354: Plata, F., B. Autran, L. P. Martins, S. Wain-Hobson, M. Raphael, C. D. Mayaud, J. M. Guillon, and P. Debre AIDS virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in lung disorders. Nature 328: Rinaldo, C., X. L. Huang, Z. F. Fan, M. Ding, L. Beltz, A. Logar, D. M. Panicali, J. Liebmann, M. Cottrill, and P. Gupta High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T- lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. J. Virol. 69:
5 VOL. 72, 1998 NOTES Safrit, J. T., C. A. Andrews, T. Zhu, D. D. Ho, and R. A. Koup Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones isolated during acute seroconversion: recognition of autologous virus sequences within a conserved immunodominant epitope. J. Exp. Med. 179: Saha, K., P. Sova, W. Chao, L. Chess, and D. J. Volsky Generation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell clones from PBLs of HIV-1 infected subjects using herpesvirus saimiri. Nat. Med. 2: Scheppler, J. A., J. K. Nicholson, D. C. Swan, A. Ahmed Ansari, and J. S. McDougal Down-modulation of MHC-I in a CD4 T cell line, CEM- E5, after HIV-1 infection. J. Immunol. 143: Stevenson, M., X. H. Zhang, and D. J. Volsky Downregulation of cell surface molecules during noncytopathic infection of T cells with human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 61: Vella, C., H. Fickenscher, C. Atkins, M. Penny, and R. Daniels Herpesvirus saimiri-immortalized human T cells support long term, high titred replication of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. J. Gen. Virol. 78: Venet, A., and B. D. Walker Cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in HIV/SIV infection. AIDS 7(Suppl 1):S117 S Walker, B. D., S. Chakrabarti, B. Moss, T. J. Paradis, T. Flynn, A. G. B. Durno, J. C. Kaplan, M. S. Hirsch, and R. T. Schooley HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in seropositive individuals. Nature 328: Wolinsky, S. M., B. T. Korber, A. U. Neumann, M. Daniels, K. J. Kunstman, A. J. Whetsell, M. R. Furtado, Y. Cao, D. D. Ho, J. T. Safrit, and R. A. Koup Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science 272: Yang, O. O., S. A. Kalams, M. Rosenzweig, A. Trocha, N. Jones, M. Koziel, B. D. Walker, and R. P. Johnson Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Virol. 70: Zhang, L., Y. Huang, T. He, Y. Cao, and D. D. Ho HIV-1 subtype and second-receptor use. Nature 383:768.
Immunological transitions in response to antigenic mutation during viral infection
International Immunology, Vol. 12, No. 10, pp. 1371 1380 2000 The Japanese Society for Immunology Immunological transitions in response to antigenic mutation during viral infection L. M. Wahl 2, B. Bittner
More informationSuppression of HIV replication in the resting CD4 T cell reservoir by autologous CD8
Suppression of HIV replication in the resting CD4 T cell reservoir by autologous CD8 T cells: Implications for the development of therapeutic strategies Tae-Wook Chun*, J. Shawn Justement, Susan Moir,
More informationHIV Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies
,**/ The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research : HIV HIV Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies * Junji SHIBATA and Shuzo MATSUSHITA * Division of Clinical Retrovirology and Infectious
More informationReceived 15 August 1996/Accepted 8 November 1996
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Feb. 1997, p. 1256 1264 Vol. 71, No. 2 0022-538X/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Overlapping Epitopes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Presented
More informationEmergence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations in nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Eur. J. Immunol. 2001. 31: 3207 3217 CTL escape in nonpathogenic SIV infection 3207 Emergence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations in nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection Amitinder
More informationSlow Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infectivity Correlated with Low HIV Coreceptor Levels
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Sept. 2001, p. 932 936 Vol. 8, No. 5 1071-412X/01/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.932 936.2001 Copyright 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights
More informationRapid perforin upregulation directly ex vivo by CD8 + T cells is a defining characteristic of HIV elite controllers
Rapid perforin upregulation directly ex vivo by CD8 + T cells is a defining characteristic of HIV elite controllers Adam R. Hersperger Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Evidence for
More informationReceived 8 September 1997/Accepted 5 December 1997
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Mar. 1998, p. 2002 2009 Vol. 72, No. 3 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology The Cell Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Determines the
More informationCYTOTOXIC-T-CELL RESPONSES, VIRAL LOAD, AND DISEASE PROGRESSION IN EARLY HIV-1 INFECTION
CYTOTOXIC-T-CELL RESPONSES, VIRAL LOAD, AND DISEASE PROGRESSION IN EARLY HIV-1 INFECTION CYTOTOXIC-T-CELL RESPONSES, VIRAL LOAD, AND DISEASE PROGRESSION IN EARLY HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 INFECTION
More informationAbstract. Introduction
Lack of Strong Immune Selection Pressure by the Immunodominant, HLA-A*0201 restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection Christian Brander,* Kelly E. Hartman,*
More informationLow immune activation despite high levels of pathogenic HIV-1 results in long-term asymptomatic disease
Low immune activation despite high levels of pathogenic HIV-1 results in long-term asymptomatic disease Shailesh K. Choudhary 1 *, Nienke Vrisekoop 2 *, Christine A. Jansen 2, Sigrid A. Otto 2, Hanneke
More informationJENNIFER R. CRESON, ANDY A. LIN, QUN LI, DAVID F. BROAD, MARGO R. ROBERTS, AND STEPHEN J. ANDERSON* Cell Genesys, Inc., Foster City, California 94404
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Nov. 1999, p. 9337 9347 Vol. 73, No. 11 0022-538X/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The Mode and Duration of Anti-CD28 Costimulation
More informationSelection of Virus Variants and Emergence of Virus Escape Mutants after Immunization with an Epitope Vaccine
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Feb. 1998, p. 1403 1410 Vol. 72, No. 2 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Selection of Virus Variants and Emergence of Virus Escape Mutants after
More informationBoth Memory and CD45RA /CD62L Naive CD4 T Cells Are Infected in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Aug. 1999, p. 6430 6435 Vol. 73, No. 8 0022-538X/99/$04.00 0 Both Memory and CD45RA /CD62L Naive CD4 T Cells Are Infected in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals
More informationHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific CD8 -T-Cell Responses for Groups of HIV-1-Infected Individuals with Different HLA-B*35 Genotypes
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Dec. 2002, p. 12603 12610 Vol. 76, No. 24 0022-538X/02/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.24.12603 12610.2002 Copyright 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Human
More informationPatterns of Chemokine Receptor Fusion Cofactor Utilization by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants from the Lungs and Blood
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Aug. 1999, p. 6680 6690 Vol. 73, No. 8 0022-538X/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Patterns of Chemokine Receptor Fusion Cofactor
More informationThe Orphan Seven-Transmembrane Receptor Apj Supports the Entry of Primary T-Cell-Line-Tropic and Dualtropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, July 1998, p. 6113 6118 Vol. 72, No. 7 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The Orphan Seven-Transmembrane Receptor Apj Supports
More informationAntibody Dependent Cellular Cytotxic activity: Past and Future. Guido Ferrari, M.D. Duke University Medical Center
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotxic activity: Past and Future Guido Ferrari, M.D. Duke University Medical Center Mechanism of Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) ADCC Effector Cells (NK, monocytes/macrophages,
More informationPrimary CD8 cells from HIV-infected individuals can suppress productive infection of macrophages independent of -chemokines
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 1725 1729, February 1998 Immunology Primary CD8 cells from HIV-infected individuals can suppress productive infection of macrophages independent of -chemokines EDWARD
More informationMID 36. Cell. HIV Life Cycle. HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion HIV Entry. Life Cycle of HIV HIV Entry. Scott M. Hammer, M.D.
Life Cycle Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Scott M. Hammer, M.D. -1 Virion Entry Life Cycle of Entry -1 virion -1 Virus virion envelope Cell membrane receptor RELEASE OF PROGENY VIRUS REVERSE Co- TRANSCRIPTION
More informationMATERIALS AND METHODS. (MIP-1 and MIP-1 ), and RANTES (regulated on activation, levels of -chemokines, which play a significant role in
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 14076 14081, November 1996 Medical Sciences HIV replication in CD4 T cells of HIV-infected individuals is regulated by a balance between the viral suppressive effects
More informationFayth K. Yoshimura, Ph.D. September 7, of 7 HIV - BASIC PROPERTIES
1 of 7 I. Viral Origin. A. Retrovirus - animal lentiviruses. HIV - BASIC PROPERTIES 1. HIV is a member of the Retrovirus family and more specifically it is a member of the Lentivirus genus of this family.
More informationReceived 18 July 2003/Returned for modification 5 September 2003/Accepted 17 October 2003
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Jan. 2004, p. 229 234 Vol. 11, No. 1 1071-412X/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.229 234.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights
More informationrecently shown to support entry of both M- and T-tropic isolates free survival in HIV-1 infected adults [18, 20, 25 27].
1019 Impact of Heterozygosity for the Chemokine Receptor CCR5 32-bp Deleted Allele on Plasma Virus Load and CD4 T Lymphocytes in Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Children at 8 Years of
More informationCross-Reactions between the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected African and European Patients
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, May, 1998, p.3547 3553 Vol. 72, No. 5 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Cross-Reactions between the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses of Human
More informationOn an individual level. Time since infection. NEJM, April HIV-1 evolution in response to immune selection pressures
HIV-1 evolution in response to immune selection pressures BISC 441 guest lecture Zabrina Brumme, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/hivaids/understanding/biology/structure.htm
More informationEvidence of HIV-1 Adaptation to HLA- Restricted Immune Responses at a Population Level. Corey Benjamin Moore
Evidence of HIV-1 Adaptation to HLA- Restricted Immune Responses at a Population Level Corey Benjamin Moore This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University, 2002 I
More informationLecture 6. Burr BIO 4353/6345 HIV/AIDS. Tetramer staining of T cells (CTL s) Andrew McMichael seminar: Background
Lecture 6 Burr BIO 4353/6345 HIV/AIDS Andrew McMichael seminar: Background Tetramer staining of T cells (CTL s) 1. Vβ 19: There are 52 T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ gene segments in germ line DNA (See following
More informationRAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:
RAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: To Distinguish Self from Non-Self Thereby Protecting Us From Our Hostile Environment. Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity Innate immunity: (Antigen nonspecific) defense
More informationHuman Immunodeficiency Virus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virion Genome Genes and proteins Viruses and hosts Diseases Distinctive characteristics Viruses and hosts Lentivirus from Latin lentis (slow), for slow progression of disease
More informationCytotoxicity assays. Rory D. de Vries, PhD 1. Viroscience lab, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Cytotoxicity assays Rory D. de Vries, PhD 1 1 Viroscience lab, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Anti-influenza immunity Humoral / CD4+ / CD8+ / NK? Function of CTL Elimination of virus-infected cells?
More informationCD8 memory, immunodominance, and antigenic escape
2704 D. Wodarz and M. A. Nowak Eur. J. Immunol. 2000. 30: 2704 2712 CD8 memory, immunodominance, and antigenic escape Dominik Wodarz and Martin A. Nowak 1 Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA Previous
More informationPotential cross reactions between HIV 1 specific T cells and the microbiome. Andrew McMichael Suzanne Campion
Potential cross reactions between HIV 1 specific T cells and the microbiome Andrew McMichael Suzanne Campion Role of the Microbiome? T cell (and B cell) immune responses to HIV and Vaccines are influenced
More informationReceived 25 January 1999/Accepted 20 May 1999
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Sept. 1999, p. 7108 7116 Vol. 73, No. 9 0022-538X/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Broad, Intense Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
More informationEBV Infection and Immunity. Andrew Hislop Institute for Cancer Studies University of Birmingham
EBV Infection and Immunity Andrew Hislop Institute for Cancer Studies University of Birmingham EBV Introduction Large ds DNA virus Spread by saliva contact Lifelong infection Predominantly B-lymphotropic
More informationAdvances in gene encoding proteins of human herpesvirus 6
2009 9 4 3 Journal of Microbes and Infection, September 2009, Vol. 4, No. 3 165 6 1, 2 1., 241000; 2., 210029 : 6 ( HHV-6) DNA, HHV-6 80 100, ( IE) DNA DNA HHV-6 : 6 ; ; Advances in gene encoding proteins
More informationSystematic Identification of Optimal HIV-1 CTL Epitopes
Systematic Identification of Optimal HIV-1 CTL Epitopes Christian Brander and Bruce D. Walker AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 5234, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA,
More informationThe functional CD8 T cell response to HIV becomes type-specific in progressive disease
The functional CD8 T cell response to HIV becomes type-specific in progressive disease Sang Kyung Lee, Zhan Xu, Judy Lieberman, and Premlata Shankar Center for Blood Research and Department of Pediatrics,
More informationDetailed step-by-step operating procedures for NK cell and CTL degranulation assays
Supplemental methods Detailed step-by-step operating procedures for NK cell and CTL degranulation assays Materials PBMC isolated from patients, relatives and healthy donors as control K562 cells (ATCC,
More informationMutational Escape in HIV-1 CTL Epitopes Leads to Increased Binding to Inhibitory Myelomonocytic MHC Class I Receptors
Mutational Escape in HIV-1 CTL Epitopes Leads to Increased Binding to Inhibitory Myelomonocytic MHC Class I Receptors The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access
More informationRAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:
RAISON D ETRE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: To Distinguish Self from Non-Self Thereby Protecting Us From Our Hostile Environment. Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Innate immunity: (Antigen - nonspecific) defense
More informationInfection of CD8+CD45RO+ Memory T-Cells by HIV-1 and Their Proliferative
The Open AIDS Journal, 8,, 4-57 4 Open Access Infection of CD8+CD45RO+ Memory T-Cells by HIV- and Their Proliferative Response Naveed Gulzar,, Sowyma Balasubramanian, Greg Harris,, Jaime Sanchez-Dardon
More informationDefining CTL-Induced Pathology: Implications for HIV
Virology 274, 94 104 (2000) doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0399, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Defining CTL-Induced Pathology: Implications for HIV Dominik Wodarz 1 and David C. Krakauer Institute
More informationReceived 29 July 1997/Accepted 25 September 1997
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Jan. 1998, p. 164 169 Vol. 72, No. 1 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Administration of an Anti-CD8 Monoclonal Antibody Interferes with the Clearance
More informationMECHANISMS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ESCAPE FROM THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. Giuseppe Pantaleo
MECHANISMS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ESCAPE FROM THE IMMUNE RESPONSE Giuseppe Pantaleo The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was identified as a new disease in 1981 (1,2) and, its aetiological
More informationReceived October 3, 1997; accepted February 10, 1998
VIROLOGY 244, 66 73 (1998) ARTICLE NO. VY989082 Reduced HIV-1 Infectability of CD4 Lymphocytes from Exposed-Uninfected Individuals: Association with Low Expression of CCR5 and High Production of -Chemokines
More informationrequire HLA compatibility at the effector phase. This inhibition of HIV replication is mediated by soluble factor(s) referred
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, May 2000, p. 4456 4464 Vol. 74, No. 10 0022-538X/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. CD8 -Cell Antiviral Factor Activity Is Not Restricted
More informationHIV/AIDS & Immune Evasion Strategies. The Year First Encounter: Dr. Michael Gottleib. Micro 320: Infectious Disease & Defense
Micro 320: Infectious Disease & Defense HIV/AIDS & Immune Evasion Strategies Wilmore Webley Dept. of Microbiology The Year 1981 Reported by MS Gottlieb, MD, HM Schanker, MD, PT Fan, MD, A Saxon, MD, JD
More informationHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Futuro promisorio de la terapia antirretroviral: Nuevos blancos terapéuticos. María José Míguez, M.D., PhD., Universidad de Miami, EE.UU. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASA REPLICATION
More information08/02/59. Tumor Immunotherapy. Development of Tumor Vaccines. Types of Tumor Vaccines. Immunotherapy w/ Cytokine Gene-Transfected Tumor Cells
Tumor Immunotherapy Autologous virus Inactivation Inactivated virus Lymphopheresis Culture? Monocyte s Dendritic cells Immunization Autologous vaccine Development of Tumor Vaccines Types of Tumor Vaccines
More informationUnder the Radar Screen: How Bugs Trick Our Immune Defenses
Under the Radar Screen: How Bugs Trick Our Immune Defenses Session 7: Cytokines Marie-Eve Paquet and Gijsbert Grotenbreg Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research HHV-8 Discovered in the 1980 s at the
More informationHow HIV Causes Disease Prof. Bruce D. Walker
How HIV Causes Disease Howard Hughes Medical Institute Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 1 The global AIDS crisis 60 million infections 20 million deaths 2 3 The screen versions of
More informationDynamics of Macrophage and T Cell Infection by HIV
J. theor. Biol. (1999) 196, 101 113 Article No. jtbi.1998.0816, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Dynamics of Macrophage and T Cell Infection by HIV DOMINIK WODARZ, ALUN L. LLOYD, VINCENT
More informationComparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antigens as Stimulants for Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, May 2002, p. 525 529 Vol. 9, No. 3 1071-412X/02/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.525 529.2002 Copyright 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights
More informationAntigen-Specific b-chemokine Production and CD8 + T-Cell Noncytotoxic Antiviral Activity in HIV-2-Infected Individuals
Antigen-Specific b-chemokine Production and CD8 + T-Cell Noncytotoxic Antiviral Activity in HIV-2-Infected Individuals R. K. S. Ahmed*, H. Norrgreny, Z.daSilvaz, A.Blaxhult,E.-L.Fredriksson{, G. Biberfeld*,
More informationProgressive Telomere Shortening of Epstein-Barr Virus Specific Memory T Cells during HIV Infection: Contributor to Exhaustion?
BRIEF REPORT Progressive Telomere Shortening of Epstein-Barr Virus Specific Memory T Cells during HIV Infection: Contributor to Exhaustion? Debbie van Baarle, 1 Nening M. Nanlohy, 1 Sigrid Otto, 1 Fiona
More informationDramatic Rise in Plasma Viremia after CD8 T Cell Depletion in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infected Macaques
Dramatic Rise in Plasma Viremia after CD8 T Cell Depletion in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infected Macaques By Xia Jin,* Daniel E. Bauer,* Sarah E. Tuttleton,* Sharon Lewin,* Agegnehu Gettie,* James
More informationNature Medicine: doi: /nm.2109
HIV 1 Infects Multipotent Progenitor Cells Causing Cell Death and Establishing Latent Cellular Reservoirs Christoph C. Carter, Adewunmi Onafuwa Nuga, Lucy A. M c Namara, James Riddell IV, Dale Bixby, Michael
More informationChapter 8. Slower CD4 T cell decline in Ethiopian versus Dutch HIV 1 infected individuals is due to lower T cell proliferation rates
Slower CD4 T cell decline in Ethiopian versus Dutch HIV 1 infected individuals is due to lower T cell proliferation rates Nienke Vrisekoop *1, Belete Tegbaru *1,2, Margreet Westerlaken 1, Dawit Wolday
More informationReceived 6 November 1997/Accepted 23 February 1998
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, June 1998, p. 5099 5107 Vol. 72, No. 6 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Evolution of Syncytium-Inducing and Non-Syncytium-Inducing Biological
More informationProduct Datasheet. HLA ABC Antibody (W6/32) NB Unit Size: 0.25 mg. Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Reviews: 1 Publications: 22
Product Datasheet HLA ABC Antibody (W6/32) NB100-64775 Unit Size: 0.25 mg Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Reviews: 1 Publications: 22 Protocols, Publications, Related Products, Reviews, Research
More informationAre we targeting the right HIV determinants?
QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (non compressé) sont requis pour visionner cette image. AIDS Vaccine 2009 October 22 nd 2009 - Paris Are we targeting the right HIV determinants? Françoise BARRÉ-SINOUSSI
More informationHIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion
HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Scott M. Hammer, M.D. HIV1 Virion Life Cycle of HIV HIV1 virion HIV1 Virus virion envelope Cell CD4membrane receptor VIRUS BINDING AND ENTRY RELEASE OF PROGENY VIRUS REVERSE
More informationApplication of μmacs Streptavidin MicroBeads for the analysis of HIV-1 directly from patient plasma
Excerpt from MACS&more Vol 8 1/2004 Application of μmacs Streptavidin MicroBeads for the analysis of HIV-1 directly from patient plasma L. Davis Lupo and Salvatore T. Butera HIV and Retrovirology Branch,
More informationCD8 T cells play a critical role in the control of viral infections
HIV-1-specific IFN- IL-2-secreting CD8 T cells support CD4-independent proliferation of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells Simone C. Zimmerli, Alexandre Harari, Cristina Cellerai, Florence Vallelian, Pierre-Alexandre
More informationNK mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV infections
NK mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in HIV infections Amy Chung Dr. Ivan Stratov Prof. Stephen Kent ADCC process consists of Target cell QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) FcγR decompressor
More informationA DNA/MVA-based candidate human immunodeficiency virus vaccine for Kenya induces multi-specific T cell responses in rhesus macaques
Journal of General Virology (2002), 83, 75 80. Printed in Great Britain... SHORT COMMUNICATION A DNA/MVA-based candidate human immunodeficiency virus vaccine for Kenya induces multi-specific T cell responses
More informationS-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE MODULATES CXCR4 AND ICOS EXPRESSION
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS Volume 11, (2006) pp 30 36 http://www.cmbl.org.pl Received: 01 August 2005 Revised form accepted: 17 November 2005 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-006-0003-9 2006 by the University
More informationConservation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Epitopes as a Host Strategy to Constrain Parasite Adaptation: Evidence from the nef
Conservation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Epitopes as a Host Strategy to Constrain Parasite Adaptation: Evidence from the nef Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) Jack da Silva and Austin
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Von Eije, K. J. (2009). RNAi based gene therapy for HIV-1, from bench to bedside
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) RNAi based gene therapy for HIV-1, from bench to bedside Von Eije, K.J. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Von Eije, K. J. (2009). RNAi based
More informationHeterosubtypic immunity. Professor Ajit Lalvani FMedSci Chair of Infectious Diseases 14/07/2014
Protective cellular immune correlates against pandemic influenza: implications for universal vaccines 2 nd WHO Meeting on development and clinical trials of broadly protective influenza vaccines 5th 7th
More informationExpression of CXCR4 on feline peripheral blood mononuclear. cells: effect of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection
Expression of CXCR4 on feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells: effect of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection BRIAN J. WILLETT*, CELIA A. CANNON & MARGARET J. HOSIE Retrovirus Research Laboratory,
More informationMedical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University
Medical Virology Immunology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human blood cells Phases of immune responses Microbe Naïve
More informationHIV 1. Host Response to HIV-1 infection. Host - Parasite Relationships of HIV
Organization of HIV-1Provirus Size 9kb Contains 9 genes encoding 15 proteins Early events of HIV- infection Membrane Receptor Complex Viral core 1 Binding of envelope gp120 prompts p41 to project 3 fusion
More informationMID 36. Cell. HIV Life Cycle. HIV Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. HIV-1 Virion HIV Entry. Life Cycle of HIV HIV Entry. Scott M. Hammer, M.D.
Life Cycle Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Scott M. Hammer, M.D. 1 Virion Entry Life Cycle of Entry 1 virion 1 Virus virion envelope Cell CD4membrane receptor RELEASE OF PROGENY VIRUS REVERSE Coreceptor TRANSCRIPTION
More informationModulation of HIV Immune Responses in Natural Infection and after Genetic Immunization
The Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden Modulation of HIV Immune Responses in Natural Infection and after Genetic
More informationHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibit Cytomegalovirus Inflammation through Interleukin-27 and B7-H4
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibit Cytomegalovirus Inflammation through Interleukin-27 and B7-H4 Ankita Garg, Rodney Trout and Stephen A. Spector,,* Department
More informationMaterials and Methods
1133 Decline of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Long-Term Nonprogressing Macaques Infected with SIVmac32H-J5 Anna-Maria Geretti, 1,a Ellen
More informationFunctionally Inert HIV-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Do Not Play a Major Role in Chronically Infected Adults and Children
Functionally Inert HIV-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Do Not Play a Major Role in Chronically Infected Adults and Children By Philip J.R. Goulder,* Yanhua Tang,* Christian Brander,* Michael R. Betts,
More informationA PROJECT ON HIV INTRODUCED BY. Abdul Wahab Ali Gabeen Mahmoud Kamal Singer
A PROJECT ON HIV INTRODUCED BY Abdul Wahab Ali Gabeen Mahmoud Kamal Singer Introduction: Three groups of nations have been identified in which the epidemiology of HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) varies:
More informationstaining and flow cytometry
Detection of influenza virus-specific T cell responses by intracellular by cytokine intracellular staining cytokine staining and flow cytometry Detection of influenza virus-specific T cell responses and
More informationInitiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Transcription is Inhibited by Noncytolytic CD8 + Suppression
The Open Virology Journal, 2007, 1, 1-7 1 Initiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Transcription is Inhibited by Noncytolytic CD8 + Suppression R. Glenn Overman 1,, Anthony L. Llorens
More informationMechanisms of antagonism of HIVspecific CD4+ T cell responses BSRI
Mechanisms of antagonism of HIVspecific CD4+ T cell responses BSRI Problems Virus escape from immune recognition Antagonism of T cell responses Peptide-MHC-TCR interaction T cell antagonism Variants of
More informationThe effect of different immune responses on the evolution of virulent CXCR4-tropic HIV
The effect of different immune responses on the evolution of virulent CXCR4-tropic HIV Dominic Wodarz{ and Martin A. Nowak * { Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1
More informationDefensin HIV AIDS. Defensin and HIV/AIDS
,**- The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research Defensin HIV AIDS Defensin and HIV/AIDS Naoki YAMAMOTO Tokyo Medical and Dental University : Defensin, HIV/AIDS, CAF, CD2 T cell,
More informationCDC site UNAIDS Aids Knowledge Base http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap.htm http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/insite.jsp?page=kb National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases http://www.niaid.nih.gov/default.htm
More informationTreatment with IL-7 Prevents the Decline of Circulating CD4 + T Cells during the Acute Phase of SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques
SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR: Treatment with IL-7 Prevents the Decline of Circulating CD4 + T Cells during the Acute Phase of SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques Lia Vassena, 1,2 Huiyi Miao, 1 Raffaello Cimbro,
More informationDesign and tests of an HIV vaccine
Design and tests of an HIV vaccine Andrew McMichael, Matilu Mwau and Tomas Hanke MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Correspondence
More informationMonte Carlo Simulation of HIV-1 Evolution in Response to Selection by Antibodies
Monte Carlo Simulation of HIV-1 Evolution in Response to Selection by Antibodies Jack da Silva North Carolina Supercomputing Center, MCNC, Research Triangle Park, NC; jdasilva@ncsc.org Austin Hughes Department
More informationPathogenesis of HIV infection
Infectious Disease Reports 2013; volume 5:s1e6 Pathogenesis of HIV infection Hassan M. Naif Molecular Virology Program, Medical Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract Over the past
More informationIAS 2015 Towards an HIV Cure symposium Vancouver Immune recognition following latency reversal
IAS 2015 Towards an HIV Cure symposium Vancouver Immune recognition following latency reversal Marcus Altfeld Professor of Medicine Outline Immune recognition of HIV-1-infected cells Kinetics of antigen
More informationViral Persistence Alters CD8 T-Cell Immunodominance and Tissue Distribution and Results in Distinct Stages of Functional Impairment
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Apr. 2003, p. 4911 4927 Vol. 77, No. 8 0022-538X/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4911 4927.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Viral Persistence
More informationPrevention of infection 2 : immunisation. How infection influences the host : viruses. Peter
Prevention of infection 2 : immunisation How infection influences the host : viruses Peter Balfe, p.balfe@bham.ac.uk @pbalfeuk Let s have some LO s just for fun 1. Define the Immune response to viruses,
More informationCrucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel
Supplementary Figures 1-8 Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel Marc Schmidt 1,2, Badrinarayanan Raghavan 1,2, Verena Müller 1,2, Thomas Vogl 3, György
More informationCellular Immunity in Aging and HIV: Correlates of Protection. Immune Senescence
Cellular Immunity in Aging and HIV: Correlates of Protection Janet E. McElhaney, MD Professor of Medicine Allan M. McGavin Chair in Research Geriatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC and
More informationReceived 5 June 1995/Accepted 23 August 1995
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Dec. 1995, p. 7423 7429 Vol. 69, No. 12 0022-538X/95/$04.00 0 Copyright 1995, American Society for Microbiology Discriminated Selection among Viral Peptides with the Appropriate Anchor
More informationCONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205
AD Award Number: DAMD7---7 TITLE: Development of Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Jonathan P. Schneck, M.D., Ph.D. Mathias Oelke, Ph.D. CONTRACTING
More informationAnti-SIV Cytolytic Molecules in Pigtail Macaques
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES Volume 24, Number 8, 2008 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/aid.2008.0081 Anti-SIV Cytolytic Molecules in Pigtail Macaques Erik Rollman, Stephen J. Turner, Katherine
More informationSHORT COMMUNICATION. RAJIV KHANNA,*,2,3 SCOTT R. BURROWS,*,2 PATTY M. STEIGERWALD-MULLEN, SCOTT A. THOMSON,* MICHAEL G. KURILLA, and DENIS J.
VIROLOGY 214, 633 637 (1995) SHORT COMMUNICATION Isolation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Healthy Seropositive Individuals Specific for Peptide Epitopes from Epstein Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1: Implications
More information