Status and strategies for seeding at FLASH.
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1 Status and strategies for seeding at FLASH. Jörn Bödewadt DESY Photon Science User Meeting FLASH2 Photon Beamline workshop Supported by BMBF under contract 05K13GU4 and 05K13PE3 DFG GrK 1355 Joachim Herz Stiftung
2 Outline >Introduction >Seeding schemes and facilities >Status of seeding technology >Seeding development at FLASH >Strategy for FLASH2 >Summary and Discussion J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 2
3 Motivation > Stable spectrum > Stable time profile > Longitudinal coherence > Two-color/two pulse generation > Intr. synchronization with IR pulses > FEL seeding enables broad range of science SASE Seeded B. Schoenlein, 2011 J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 3
4 Motivation > Stable spectrum > Stable time profile > Longitudinal coherence > Two-color/two pulse generation > Intr. synchronization with IR pulses > FEL seeding enables broad range of science SASE Seeded B. Schoenlein, 2011 J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 4
5 FEL Seeding schemes What are the available seed sources: >External conventional laser (visible to UV) Electron beam manipulation for high-harmonic generation (CHG, HGHG, EEHG, ) >Short wavelength external laser, e.g. HHG (UV XUV) FEL works as an amplifier (direct seeding) >A free-electron laser (IR X-ray) Radiation from the FEL is used to seed a second FEL (selfseeding, oscillator FEL) J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 5
6 FEL Seeding schemes High-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) HGHG-cascade Proposed: 1991 (BNL) Proof of Principle: 2000 (BNL) n ~ ΔE/σ e Proposed: 1992 (BNL) Proof of Principle: 2013 (SINAP) Wavelength record: 20 nm (FERMI) Wavelength record: 4 nm (FERMI) Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) Proposed: 2009 (SLAC) Proof of Principle: 2010 (SLAC, SINAP) n >> ΔE/σ e Wavelength record: 171 nm (SLAC) 14 th harmonic of 2.4 µm J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 6
7 FEL Seeding schemes Direct seeded FEL (amplifier mode) e.g. High-Harmonic Generation (HHG) Proposed: 1980, 2004 for HHG Proof of Principle: 2008 (Spring-8) for HHG Wavelength record: 38 nm (FLASH) Input seed power determines contrast ratio Harmonic cascading Proposed: 1980s Proof of Principle:?, SPARC Wavelength record: 19 nm (FLASH) J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 7
8 FEL Seeding schemes Self-Seeding SASE Proposed: 1997 (DESY), 2010 (DESY) Proof of Principle: 2012 (SLAC) for hard X-rays Wavelength record: 0.12 nm (LCLS) Advantages: > no external seed difficulties Disadvantages: > no direct control over pulse length, chirp, synchronization, etc J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 8
9 Experimental seeding activities worldwide SLAC LCLS NLCTA BNL DUVFEL VISA DESY FLASH INFN Frascati SPARC Elettra FERMI SPring-8 SCSS-TA SACLA SINAP SDUV Italic: test facilities (LINAC beam energy ~100 MeV, ps electron bunch duration) Other: user facilities (GeV or mulit-gev LINAC) J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 9
10 Status of FEL seeding technology High-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) Staged HGHG Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) Direct seeding (with HHG) Harmonic cascading (HC) Self-Seeding Minimum wavelength 20 nm FERMI 4 nm (staged) FERMI 171 nm NLCTA 38 nm FLASH 19 nm FLASH 0.12 nm LCLS Pulse length & Pulse energy ~70 fs 30 µj < 25 fs ~1 µj?? < 40 fs 10 µj Limits FEL power (~1 GW) FEL power (<1 GW) Intensity stability Minimum wavelength (limited beam energy) Low seed success rate Limited contrast < 40 fs Low seed success rate Limited contrast 5 fs 60 µj Intensity stability No synchronization * I. Boscolo et al. 1980, B. Girard et al J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 10
11 Status of FEL seeding technology vs. user wishes Minimum wavelength Pulse length & Pulse energy > Limits Stable pulse parameters ( identical pulses ) needed > FEL Stable power (smooth) (~1 GW) spectrum / time structure 4 nm < 25 fs FEL power (~1 GW) > Sufficient diagnostics ~1 µj Intensity stability > Minimum Wavelength wavelength range <10nm - 30 nm > (limited Pulse beam duration energy) mainly fs (FWHM) 38 nm < 40 fs Low seed success rate > good timing stability 10 µj (short pulses) > 10 Hz is acceptable (as first step ) 19 nm < 40 fs Low seed success rate (short pulses) > Tunable 0.12 nm 5 fs Intensity stability > Pulse energy >20 µj 60 µj (beam energy jitter) HGHG 20 nm ~70 fs 30 µj Staged HGHG EEHG 171 nm?? Direct seeding (with HHG) Harmonic cascading (HC) Self- Seeding J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 11
12 Status of FEL seeding technology open points >Demonstration of EEHG for XUV wavelengths >Operation of high peak current electron beam with seeded operation (HGHG, EEHG) >25 fs timing jitter between seed and electron beam to fulfill seeding stability for short pulses >Benchmarking simulations J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 12
13 The FLASH seeding team J. Rossbach (PI) M. Drescher (PI) V. Miltchev (Scientist) A. Azima (Scientist) J. Rönsch-Schulenburg Th. Maltezopoulos (Post-doc) C. Lechner (PhD) T. Plath (PhD) N. Gruse (Student) S. Khan (PI) K. Hacker (Post-Doc) R. Molo (PhD) P. Salén (Post-Doc) R&D on FEL seeding: - Test of advanced seeding schemes towards low wavelength and high peak power - Characterization of seeded FEL radiation FLASH Seeded FEL user facility: - Reliable operation - Low risks - Failure is mission critical R&D: - high repetition rate and high power laser systems T. Laarmann (PI) B. Faatz (Scientist) H. Dachraoui (Post-Doc) R. Ivanov (Post-Doc) T. Tanikava (Post-Doc) S. Ackermann (PhD) S. Usenko (PhD) L. Lazzarino (PhD) A. Hage (PhD) H. Höppner (PhD) Technical personnel F. Tavella (Scientist) G. Angelova (Scientist) AcceleratorResearch&Development R. Aßmann (PI) H. Schlarb (PI) N. Ekanayake (Post-Doc) J. Bödewadt (Post-doc) J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 13
14 The FLASH seeding team J. Rossbach (PI) M. Drescher (PI) V. Miltchev (Scientist) A. Azima (Scientist) J. Rönsch-Schulenburg Th. Maltezopoulos (Post-doc) C. Lechner (PhD) T. Plath (PhD) N. Gruse (Student) S. Khan (PI) K. Hacker (Post-Doc) R. Molo (PhD) P. Salén (Post-Doc) FLASH Vision for Seeding at FLASH: R&D on FEL seeding: - Short wavelength seed sources - Test of advanced seeding schemes - Characterization of seeded FEL radiation publications Seeded FEL user facility: - Reliable operation - Low risks - Failure would be mission critical Provide fully coherent FEL radiation pulse to users at wavelengths down to water window, with perspective down to 1 nm, at timing control in the few fs regime. R&D: - high repetition rate and high power laser systems facility T. Laarmann (PI) B. Faatz (Scientist) H. Dachraoui (Post-Doc) R. Ivanov (Post-Doc) T. Tanikava (Post-Doc) S. Ackermann (PhD) S. Usenko (PhD) L. Lazzarino (PhD) A. Hage (PhD) H. Höppner (PhD) Technical personnel F. Tavella (Scientist) G. Angelova (Scientist) AcceleratorResearch&Development R. Aßmann (PI) H. Schlarb (PI) N. Ekanayake (Post-Doc) J. Bödewadt (Post-doc) J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 14
15 Status of seeding setup at FLASH > FLASH1 > FLASH2 Space for seeding hardware J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 15
16 Status of seeding setup at FLASH > FLASH1 Capable to test HGHG, EEHG for variable seed laser properties Answer important questions on electron beam dynamics for seeding performance with high peak-currents Experiments will be performed during FLASH studies Results will benchmark start-to-end simulations > FLASH2 Space for seeding hardware J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 16
17 Seeding development at FLASH 1.Timing stability and synchronization > Challenge: stable temporal overlap with short laser and electron pulses > improve seed success rate for any seeding scheme at high peakcurrents Electron arrival time stability (pulse trains) OXC based synchronization for seed laser ~ 5 fs rms synchronization, no drifts J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 17
18 Seeding development at FLASH 1.Timing stability and synchronization 2.Seeding development (FLASH1 setup) > HGHG and EEHG to high harmonics (XUV to soft X-ray) Generation of >GW peak-power FEL pulses Demonstration of intrinsic synchronization for IR-pump/FEL-probe > Investigation of non-linear effects in electron beam dynamics on seeding performance High peak-currents lead to non-linear effects (instabilities). How do these effects degrade seeding performance? > Establish parallel mode of operation for seeding at FLASH2 and operation of FLASH1 J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 18
19 Seeding strategy for FLASH2 > FLASH2 > Facility infrastructure optimally prepared for external seeding > Design process ongoing > Final design for seeding at FLASH2 strongly depends on: Results and progress of seeding technology User demand Space for seeding hardware Boundary conditions by FLASH1 operation SASE operation of FLASH2 J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 19
20 Seeding strategy for FLASH2 Goal: Provide high peak-power (> 1GW) seeded FEL pulses below 30 nm with sub 50 fs pulse duration 01/ / / /2017 FLASH1 results time FLASH2 beam parameter Start-to-End simulation for FLASH2 User demands for beam in 2017 Decision on FLASH2 seeding scheme TDR Hardware installation and commissioning J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 20
21 Wavelength range K. Hacker, TESLA FEL REPORT 2013 Wavelength ranges for different schemes compatible with SASE (preliminary studies): single stage HGHG HGHG + HC EEHG EEHG + HC EEHG-HHG EEHG-HHG + HC EEHG cascade EEHG cascade+ HC HC Harmonic Cascading Wavelength (nm) > Detailed simulations for FLASH2 are under way J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 21
22 Summary >FLASH is aiming to realize the next generation seeded FEL facility Higher peak-power (> 1 GW) Shorter pulse duration (< 50 fs) Wavelength range below 30 nm >the high peak-current operation for HGHG and EEHG has not yet been demonstrated Experiments at FLASH1 aim to explore these operation modes >EEHG has not been demonstrated for XUV wavelengths FLASH1 is the only facility world wide to study this regime J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 22
23 Thank you for your attention J. Bödewadt Flash2 Beamlines Workshop Jan 2014 Page 23
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