Policy Coherence for Development In Fisheries and Aquaculture

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2 Policy Cohrnc for Dvlopm In Fishris and Aquacultur April 2014 Dr Christoph Béné Institut of Dvlopm Studis, UK commissiond by UK-DFID

3 Clustr Quality Evaluation Siz Consistnc y Gap Fish and nutritional scurity High Larg Consist Protocol Fish consumption and and nutritional Mthodology links to halth High Larg Consist Lack of data assssing th impact of fishiak on micronutri status. Fishris and halth risks High Larg Consist Assssm of th vidnc Fish consumption and povrty High Larg Irnational fish trad and food scurity Existing (pr-rviwd) litratur Impact of fishris and aquacultur iractions on food scurity Fish, food scurity and th major drivrs of changs +12, articls lvls. 17 pathways to dvlopm ( clustrs ) Evaluation of th body of vidnc Scoring Modrat Modrat Mdium Small Inconsist Inconsist Inconsist Low Mdium Inconsist Fishris and national conomis Low Larg Inconsist Lack of systmatic and global data and mthods to quaify curr and futur dirct and indirct coributions of fishris and aquacultur to food scurity at houshold, local and national Modrat Inconsist Fish trad and povrty allviation Larg quality (validity, rigorousnss, Lack of systmatic rliability) and global data to Fishris valu chains High Larg Consist quaify th diffr ways fishris and aquacultur coribut to povrty siz (numbr of articls) Post harvst loss High Larg Consist rduction and conomic growth at both local and national lvls. consistncy Modrat of th vidnc Fishing and houshold conomis Larg Consist Absnc of vidnc of ffcts of chang Aquacultur and national conomis Aquacultur and houshold livlihoods Issus of scal and typs of aquacultur systm Govrnanc rforms in fishris Gndr Modrat Modrat Modrat Modrat Modrat Mdium Larg Larg Mdium Larg Inconsist Mixd Inconsist Inconsist Mixd on valu chain, rgional trad, ffcts of urbanisation and othr global changs on small-scal producrs. Lack of mthods and baslin to assss govrnanc rform. Complt absnc of gndrdisaggrgatd data.

4 Fish and nutrition High Larg Consist Fish coribut to nutritional scurity Larg, rigorous, consist body of vidnc confirms high nutritional valu of fish and th potial ffctiv coribution that fish can offr to addrss multipl micronutri dficincis in dvloping couris Som cavats Fish not part of th nutritional dbat Fish too oftn rducd to protin Gap in our knowldg

5 Fish and halth High Larg Consist Fish is gnrally good for halth Larg, rigorous, consist body of vidnc confirms fish consumption dos provid protctiv ffcts on a wid rang of halth issus, including incidnc of strok, high blood prssur, coronary hart disas, and possibly cancr Cavats Risks of coaminas ar still prsist Gap in our knowldg

6 Halth risks associatd with fishing activitis High Larg Consist Fishing is on of th most dangrous conomic occupations Basd on dvlopd couris statistics Situation vn mor srious in dvloping couris Byond accids at sa Prvalnc of malaria, watrborn disass, STDs, HIV/AIDS Drug, alcohol

7 Fish consumption and th poor High Larg Inconsist Fish as rich food for th poor 1.5 billion with 20% of thir animal protin iak Essially in dvloping couris Fish is not th main sourc of protin (spcially for th poor) Pric is xpctd to coinu incrasing

8 Irnational fish trad and food scurity Modrat Mdium Inconsist Unsttld dbat btwn two viws Thory: rvnus gnratd through trad should improv th ability of th couris to import food. xportd fish ar fish that ar not atn locally Inconsist rsults, rflcting th lack of tangibl vidnc No doubt that fish trad gnrat rvnus. No systmatic positiv bnfits in trms of food scurity

9 Fishris and conomic dvlopm Low Larg Inconsist Empirical vidnc is wak/inconsist Statms ar rarly rigorously substaiatd Lack of appropriat national statistics and data on multiplir ffcts Unclar how changs in incras fficincy and incras rs, including national crtification schms, actually bnfit th poor In corary, mor labour insiv hav positiv ffcts (labour buffr). Lack of global analysis

10 Fishris and houshold conomy Modrat Larg Consist Fishris and povrty: complx and corastd pictur. Fishrs ar not always among th th poorst of th poor. Whn prs, povrty can b both caus and consqunc of rsourc dgradation Main sourcs of povrty byond th simplistic narrativ around th tragdy of th opn accss Gnral consnsus about th importa social and cultural functions of fishris

11 Aquacultur and conomic dvlopm Modrat Mdium Inconsist Dbat (around siz) is not nw but still vry much unsttld Small-scal oprations hav bn importa in th succssful xpansion of aquacultur in Asia Not in Africa Shift of paradigm towards largr (mdium-siz) commrcial aquacultur Largr scal rpriss part of th Asia succss Gnrat hug rvnus and forx arnings No tangibl vidnc/data to substaiat th xpctd trickl-down

12 Aquacultur and houshold livlihood Modrat Larg Mixd Aquacultur and povrty: mixd pictur. Incom, mploym/livlihood (Asia). Bttr-off (land-owning) housholds who bnfit th most structural issus Pri-urban fish-farmrs ar mor likly to gnrat highr incoms, nt rturns and longr-trm financial viability Pro-poor aquacultur is dbatabl

13 Fishris and aquacultur iraction and food scurity Modrat Small Inconsist Coradictory vidnc, modrat quality Aquacultur as a way to fill th gap Critical rol to balanc th dmand/supply Prics ffct (pushing down th ovrall fish pric) Issus / concrns Fishmal (carnivorous for xporting markts) Comptitions for rsourcs (watr, spac) Largr fish (not consumd whol)

14 Fish, food scurity, and th major drivrs of changs Low Mdium Inconsist Major drivrs wll idifid Dmographic transition (urbanization, highr incom) Climat chang Ovr-xploitation and govrnanc rform No clar mssag mrgs from th litratur yt Rcognition of th svrity of th fishris situation at th global lvl Tools and mthods to stimat impacts of global drivrs on food scurity at local lvl ar still missing Uncrtaiy of climat chang complicatd by lack of rliabl data (on small-scal fishris)

15 Govrnanc rforms in fishris Modrat Mdium Inconsist No on siz fits all. No singl typ of arrangms -stat / nonstat actors (including th privat sctor)- will dlivr outcoms that bnfit th poor in all cass Dbat blurrd by a lot of advocacy pics Still unclar and inconsist signals Evidnc of th ffctivnss of masurs (dcralization/co-managm) in th dvloping couris coxt rmains wak No tangibl vidnc/data to substaiat th claim that privatization of fishing rights works from a socital prspctiv

16 Gndr Modrat Larg Mixd Womn s rols in fishris ar not wll rcognisd. Lack of disaggrgatd data and rlva information Tndncy to confus gndr with womn Dscriptiv rathr than analytical Unrcordd and undrvalud, and mainly invisibl in national statistics Srious consquncs in rlation to govrnanc