Eye. iris. pupil. ciliary body
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1 Eye iris pupil ciliary body
2 Eyeball Anterior segment Posterior segment
3 Eyeball Procesus ciliares Corpus ciliare Pars caeca retinae Sclera Iris Cornea Eyebulb wall Tunica externa (fibrosa) Posterior segment Sclera Anterior segment Cornea Tunica media (vasculosa) Chorioidea Iris, Corpus ciliare Tunica interna (nervosa) Pars optica retinae Pars caeca retinae
4 Eyeball
5 Fibrous tunic - tunica externa oculi Cornea Sclera conjunctiva limbus
6 Cornea 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Bowman s membrane-anterior limiting lamina 3. Substantia propria cornae layers of regularly organized collagen fibrils fibrocytes /keratocytes/ 4. Descemet s membrane-posterior limiting lamina the basement membrane of the posterior endothelium Posterior endothelium simple squamous epithelium
7 Cornea
8 Vascular tunic - tunica media oculi - Choroid - loose c.t. with network of blood vessels, numerous pigment cells - Ciliary body - loose c.t. with smooth muscle cells musculus ciliaris /accomodation/ - ciliary processes generate aqueous humor - Iris - central opening of the iris - the pupil i c ch
9 Choroid 1. Lamina suprachoroidea /lamina fusca sclerae/ 2. Lamina vasculosa 3. Lamina chorocapillaris 4. Lamina vitrea /Bruch s membrane/ sclera L. suprachoroidea - perichoroidal space with melanocytes, collagen and elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes L. vasculosa blood supply parallelní veins c. ciliare choroid L. chorocapilaris capillary plexus for retina retina L. vitrea five layers, including balsal lamina of chorid endothelium and retinal pigment epithelium, collagen and elastic fibers.
10 Choroid
11 Ciliary body - structure ciliary processes m. ciliaris ciliary epithelium - outer cell layer is pigmented, inner cell layer is nonpigmented (pars caeca retinae)
12 Ciliary body Epithelium two layers basal, pigmented (fuscin), surface w/o pigment - Continuous with optical part of retina = pars caeca retinae processus ciliares m. ciliaris Muscle cells oriented in three directions Meridionally, radially and circularly
13 Ciliary body and acomodation Lens
14 Ciliary body prudction of aqueous humour production of the aqueous humor
15 Ciliary processes
16 Iris 1. Anterior epithelium - discontinued layer 2. Anterior border layer - pigment cells 3. Stroma iridis - gelatinous c.t., pigment cells - smooth muscle cells - annular sphincter pupillae muscle pars iridica retinae 4. Posterior border layer - m. dilatator pupillae (myoepithelial cells) 5. Posterior epithelium - one layer of pigmented cells Eye color
17 Retina ora serrata
18 Sclera Choroidea - Retina
19 Retina ora serrata
20 Pigment cells Neurons 1. rod and cones 2. bipolar neurons 3. ganglionic multipolar neurons Retina cell types interneurons - Horizontal cells Neuroglia - Amacrine cells Müller cells
21 Retinal architecture Membrana limitans interna Layer of optic nerve fibers Ganglion cell layer Inner plexiform layer Ganglion cells Müller cells Amacrine cells 5 Inner nuclear layer Bipolar neurons 6 Zevní vrstva plexiformní Horizontal cells Rod Inner plexiform layer Membrana limitans externa Layer of rods and cones Pigment epithelium Cone Pigment cells (chorioidea)
22 10 layers Retina inner limiting membrane
23 Retina light
24 Retina - fovea centralis maximal visual acuity only cone cells
25 Retina - discus nervi optici sclera optic disc - blind spot
26 Retina
27 Refractive media Cornea Aqueous humor Lens Vitreous body Refractive media are characterized by high transparency and refractivity.
28 Lens Capsula lentis Formed by subcapsular epithelium Subcapsular epithelium Produces capsula lentis and lens fibers Lens fibers Very long (up to 12 mm), hexagonal cells, form the body of the lens Lens fibers are nucleated in the soft, outer cortex of the lens Lens fibers located deeper loose their nuclei and become part of the harder nucleus of the lens Crystallins
29 Fasciculus opticus optic nerve - surrounded by the three meninges (dura mater, arachnoidea, pia mater) - c.t. septa from pia mater, separate the fibre bundles in the optic nerve - the axons in the optic nerve are supported by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes + microglia
30 Eyelid cutaneous part tarsal plate conjunctival part Meibomian glands tarsal /sebaceae/ Zeiss glands /gl. sebaceae ciliares/ Moll glands /gl. sudoriferae ciliares apocrine/
31 Eyelid /palpebra oculi/ tarsal plate and tarsal Meibomian glands /sebaceae/
32 Conjunctiva stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells lamina propria mucosae
33 Lacrimal apparatus - lacrimal gland - compound tubuloalveolar gland producing a lysosyme-rich serous fluid - lacrimal canaliculi - superior - inferior - length: 8 mm, lined with s.s. epithelium - lacrimal sac - nasolacrimal duct - opens into the meatus inferior - lined with a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
34 Lacrimal gland
35 EAR
36 Structure of the Ear
37 Outer ear
38 Elastic cartilage
39 Membrana tympani Stratum cutaneum - skin Stratum fibrosum - collagen fibers - stratum radiatum - stratum circulare Stratum mucosum - Mucosa as in the cavum tympani
40 Middle ear - Cavum tympani - mucosa - epithelium simple squamous, flat, cubic, with cilia - lamina propria - Tuba auditiva (Eustach tube) - pars ossea two layers of columnar cillitaed epithelium continuous with epithelium of c. tympani - pars cartilaginea pseudostratified columnar cillitaed epithelium - tonsila tubaria
41 Tuba auditiva Pars cartilaginea
42 Inner ear/cochlea/ Bone a membranous labyrinth Spatium perilymphaceum + perilymfa Pars statica + auditiva l. m. Modiolus, helicotrema Helicotrema Modiolus
43 Inner ear Canalis spiralis cochleae (35 mm, 2,5 závitu) lamina spiralis ossea
44 Inner ear 20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, originally published in 1918
45
46 Organ of Corti Cells Supportive - Cells of Hensen - Phalangeal outer and inner - Pillar of Corti outer and inner - Border cells outer and inner - Cells of Claudius - Cells of Bottcher Hair cells - Hair cells inner and outer Tectorial (Reissner s) membrane Space of Corti, space of Nuel
47 Organ of Corti outer tunnel Corti space of Nuel Hensen Claudius
48
49 Hair and phalangeal cells
50 Membrana reticularis
51 Hair cells Outer hair cells - Electromechanical amplification of incoming vibrations - waves ( Hz) induce oscillation of basilar membrane and shifts of the the sensory epithelium against tectorial membrane - deflection of stereocilia opens mechanically controlled ion chanells - depolarization and repolarization of cell membrane - vibration of whole cells induces oscillation of inner hair cells that excitates nerve fibers - loss of outer hairy cells affect recognition of frequencies, treshold of audibility, etc. Inner hair cells - depolarization of cell membrane releases glutamate (neurotransmitter) - induction of excitation in nerve fiber
52 Spiral ganglion
53 Vestibular apparatus
54 Membranous labyrinth
55 Ductus semicirculares crista ampullaris acceleration
56 Crista ampullaris
57 Utriculus a sacculus macula statica position
58 Slides eye, ear Anterior eye segment Posterior eye segment Fasciculus opticus Palpebra Glandula lacrimalis Cochlea Auricula Alfonso Corti Recherches sur l'organ de l'ouïe des mammiferes 1851
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