Common details: blood vessels, nerve trunks, ganglions, adipose tissue, lymphocytes
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1 Common details: blood vessels, nerve trunks, ganglions, adipose tissue, lymphocytes Outer lining of the organs: ADVENTITIA (connective tissue) or SEROSA (thin layer of connective tissue lined by simple squamous epithelium-mesothelium) EPITHELIAL TISSUE 46. Thyroid gland (H/E) 1. Stroma: loose connective tissue 2. Parenchyma: follicles simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Capillaries endothelium - simple squamous epithelium 13. Cornea (H/E) 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Bowman s membrane (lamina limitans anterior) 3. corneal stroma composed of collagen fibers 4. Descemet s membrane (lamina limitans posterior) 5. Corneal endothelium - simple squamous epithelium 63. Duodenum (H/E) 1. Mucosa: villi & crypts simple columnar epithelium (enterocytes ) goblet cells lymphocytes 2. Submucosa: mucus secreting Brunner s glands 3. Muscular membrane - 2 smooth muscle layers (circular & longitudinal) Auerbach s plexus- ganglion cells between two muscle layers 4. Adventitia/serosa 74. Urinary bladder (H/E) 1. Mucosa transitional epithelium with umbrella cells 2. Muscularis 3. Adventitia/serosa 100. Main bronchi - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (H/E) 1. Main bronchi mucosa: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells submucosa- hyaline cartilage and glands 2. Esophagus mucosa: stratified squamous keratinized epithelium muscularis mucosae submucosa muscularis: skeletal muscle 3. Adventitia 1
2 CONNECTIVE TISSUE 18b. White & brown adipose tissue (H/E) 1. White & brown adipose cells 2. Blood vessels 3. Skeletal muscle 100. Main bronchi - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (H/E) 1. Main bronchi mucosa: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells submucosa- hyaline cartilage and glands perichondrium chondrocytes in the lacunae- isogenous groups smooth muscle cells 2. Esophagus mucosa: stratified squamous keratinized epithelium muscularis mucosae submucosa muscularis: skeletal muscle 3. Adventitia 23b. Connective tissue ossification (H/E) 1. Mesenchymal tissue with mesenchymal cells 2. Bone trabeculae 3. Osteoblasts 4. Osteocytes 5. Osteoclasts 25b. Growing epiphyseal cartilage (H/E) 1. Epiphyses ( bone trabeculae, hemopoetic bone marrow) 2. Growing epiphyseal cartilage: zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage, zone of maturing (hypertrophic) cartilage, zone of degenerative and calcifying cartilage bone trabeculae 3. Diaphyses- bone trabeculae and bone marrow 4. Periosteum 5. Skeletal muscle 23a. Compact lamellar bone: a cross-section of a long bone (H/E) 1. Periosteum 2. Endosteum 3. Marrow cavity (white adipose tissue) 4. Outer circumferential lamellae 5. Inner circumferential lamellae 6. Osteon- Haversian canal and concentric lamellae 7. Interstitial lamellae 8. Volkmann canal 9. Osteocytes in the lacunae 2
3 MUSCLE TISSUE 29M. Tonque (Masson-Lillie) 1. Filiform papillae 2. Connective tissue (blue color) 3. Skeletal muscle- cross and longitudinal section 4. Endomysium and perimysium 5. Ebner s gland (serous) 6. Mucus gland 29a. Striated skeletal muscle and Muscle spindle (H/E) 1. Striated skeletal muscle longitudinal and cross-section 2. Endomysium and perimysium 3. Muscle spindle connective tissue capsule intrafusal muscle fibers extrafusal muscle fibers 32a. Cardiac muscle: section including the cardiac conduction system (H/E) 1. Cardiac muscle cells - longitudinal and cross-section intercalated discs 2. Purkinje fibers 63. Duodenum (H/E) 5. Mucosa: villi & crypts simple columnar epithelium (enterocytes ) goblet cells lymphocytes 6. Submucosa: mucus secreting Brunner s glands 7. Muscular membrane - 2 smooth muscle layers (circular &longitudinal) Auerbach s plexus- ganglion cells between two muscle layers 8. Adventitia/serosa CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 40. Elastic artery (orcein staining) 1. Tunica intima- internal elastic lamina 2. Tunica media- concentrically arranged elastic membranes 3. Tunica adventitia vasa vasorum 39. Muscular arteries & veins (H/E) 1. Muscular arteries (intima, media, adventitia) 2. Muscular veins (intima, media, adventitia) Valve 3. Small veins and arteries 3
4 80. Uterus (H/E) 1. Mucosa simple columnar epithelium uterine glands (simple cuboidal epithelium) 2. Muscularis 2 smooth muscle layers (circular, longitudinal) 3. Serosa 4. Arterioles : 1-4 layers of smooth muscle cells 5. Venules : lack of smooth muscle LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 45. Lymph node (H/E) 1. Connective tissue capsule 2. Cortex marginal sinuses lymphatic nodules trabecular sinuses 3. HEV- high endothelial venules (paracortical zone) 4. Medulla medullary sinuses medullary cords 5. Stroma-reticular tissue 41. Spleen (H/E) 1. Connective tissue capsule with muscle cells 2. White pulp lymphatic nodules central arteries marginal zone and marginal sinuses 3. Red pulp 42. Palatine tonsil (H/E) 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Crypt 3. Lymphatic nodules 4. HEV- high endothelial venules 5. Mucus gland 43. Thymus (H/E) 1. Connective tissue capsule 2. Lobules cortex medulla (Hassall s corpuscles) 3. Stroma- epithelial cells 44. Involutory thymus (H/E) 1. Hassall s corpuscles 2. White adipose tissue 3. Blood vessels 4
5 NERVOUS SYSTEM 35. Nerve stem (H/E) 1. Epineurium 2. Perineurium 3. Endoneurium 4. Myelinated axons 5. Nuclei of Schwann cells and endothelial cells 34. Ganglion (H/E) 1. Ganglion connective tissue capsule neurons satellite cells 2. Nerve trunks 87. Cerebral cortex (Nissl) 1. Neocortex molecular layer granular layers pyramidal layers 2. Archicortex- hippocampal formation hippocampus dentate gyrus 3. White matter 4. Striatum 5. Cerebral ventricles with choroid plexus 6. Cerebellum 88. Cerebellum (H/E) 1. Cerebellar cortex molecular layer Purkinje (ganglionic) cells layer granular layer 2. White matter nucleus of cerebellum 36. Spinal cord (H/E) 1. Grey matter anterior horns (motoneurons) posterior horns 2. Central canal (ependymocytes) 3. White matter 4. Cerebrospinal meninges: pia matter arachnoid and subarachnoid space (with ligament denticulate and spinal nerves) dura matter 5
6 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 81. Thick skin (fingertip) (H/E) 1. Epidermis - Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium Layers: stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum 2. Dermis proper papillary dermis reticular dermis 3. Meissner s corpuscles 4. Pacinian corpuscles 5. Sweat gland (pale-staining secretory portion and dark-staning excretory ducts) 6. Arteriovenous anastomosis 7. Subcutis (white adipose tissue) 82. Thin hairy skin (H/E) 1. Epidermis - stratified squamous keratinized epithelium 2. Dermis proper papillary dermis reticular dermis 3. Pilosebaceous apparatus hair follicle sebaceous gland erector pili muscle 4. Skeletal muscles 97. Eyelid (H/E) 1. Outer surface skin hair and eyelashes sebaceous glands (glands of Zeiss) apocrine sweat glands (glands of Moll) 2. Branched sebaceous glands (Meibomian glands) 3. Inner surface - conjunctiva (stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and cuboidal epithelium) 4. Orbicularis oculi muscle (skeletal muscle) 6
7 EYE 85. Eye (H/E) 1. Cornea stratified squamous epithelium Bowman s membrane (lamina limitans anterior) corneal stroma composed of collagen fibers and corneocytes Descemet s membrane (lamina limitans posterior) Corneal endothelium composed of one layer of simple squamous epithelium 3. Corneal limbus 4. Iris anterior limiting membrane stroma containing sphincter and the dilator muscle of the pupil posterior pigmented epithelium composed of two layers 5. Ciliary body and ciliary processes two simple cuboidal epithelia (outer-pigmented, inner-nonpigmented) 6. Retina dark-staining pigmented epithelium light-staining layer of rods and cones outer nuclear layer (dark violet) outer plexiform layer (light) inner nuclear layer (dark violet) inner plexiform layer (light) ganglion cell layer optic nerve fibers layer 7. Choroid 8. Sclera 9. Skeletal muscles 7
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