The impact of different radiation qualities on cancer cells
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1 The impact of different radiation qualities on cancer cells Marjan Moreels, PhD Radiobiology Unit,, Belgium XXth Colloque GANIL Session 10, Amboise, France Oct 19,
2 The Belgian Nuclear Research Center 65 years of experience in nuclear science & technology Develop peaceful industrial & medical applications of radioactivity Nuclear materials and systems (MYRRHA - ISOL@MYRRHA) Study impact of ionizing radiation on man and the environment Radiobiology Unit, 2
3 Radiobiology Unit Evaluation of the potential risks of ionising radiation on humans To provide the scientific background for radiation protection, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine 3
4 How physics is used to treat cancer Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation with high energy that is transmitted to cancer cells radiation therapy Cancer Cell DNA Typical dose varies between Gy (2 Gy/ fraction) 4
5 How physics is used to treat cancer Ionizing radiation can induce cell damage in two ways 5
6 How physics is used to treat cancer Ionizing radiation induces a large spectrum of DNA lesions Double Strand Break (DSB) = Principal cytotoxic lesion - nucleus (blue) - yh2ax foci ~ DSB (green) 6
7 Radiotherapy: how physics is used to treat cancer Conventional (>99%): photon RT Advanced: hadron therapy Particle accelerators: proton, carbon IMRT Particle therapy 7
8 Particles: unique biological properties Particles (dense) ionization tracks Higher number of DNA lesions More complex: mixture of clustered DNA lesions More difficult to repair ~ enhanced cell killing Photons Particles - yh2ax foci ~DSB (green) - yh2ax foci ~DSB (green) 8
9 Particle therapy: what we (do not) know Positive clinical outcome increased use during next years Published data based on a small number of patients No or limited data of long-term follow-up studies (secondary malignancies, metastasis) Many biological uncertainties Research is needed in all parts of radiation oncology Clinical - physics- radiobiology 9
10 Hadron therapy research at Compare biological actions of photons vs. particles in cancer cells In vitro Cancer cell survival DNA damage & repair Human cancer cell lines - Prostate cancer - Colon cancer - Peadiatric brain cancer - Breast cancer X-rays (, Belgium) C-ions (GANIL, Caen, France) Protons (ithemba LABS, South-Africa) Gene expression Cell migration 10
11 13 C ipac GANIL: five 13 C beam times ( ) P911-H + P1006-H Transport cells from Belgium to LARIA, GANIL 11
12 13 C D1 beam line 13 C beam: 75 MeV/u LET: 33,7 kev/µm Flux: 6,24x10 5 cm -2 sec-1 Dosimetry performed by CIMAP group (Dr. A. Cassimi) Suetens A, Moreels M et al. Int J Onc 44 (2014) 12
13 Suetens A., Moreels M et al. Int J Onc, 2014; (44):
14 Carbon >>> photon (# genes, magnitude of change) Suetens A., Moreels M et al. Int J Rad Res, 2015; (56):
15 Higher amount of initial DNA damage after carbon irradiation Repair kinetics of yh2ax foci showed more residual DNA damage after 24h Suetens A, Konings K, Moreels M et al., Front Onc 6:87 (2016) 15
16 Data analysis of previous GANIL experiment Ongoing Work & Outlook ithemba LABS - proton beam time (April 2017) Lab of Prof Dr J. Slabbert Charlotte Vandevoorde Compare photon proton carbon Knowledge relevant for space research (high-let particles) 16
17 Take home message Photon and particle irradiation differ in the manner in which energy is deposited in a cell, even at the same LET Particles show unique molecular and cellular responses Still much to learn related to the biological effects Beam time for radiobiological experiments is often limited Ultimately, the obtained knowledge will be important for both radiotherapy and radiation protection communities.
18 Acknowledgements (Mol, Belgium) Ms Katrien Konings Dr Annelies Suetens Ms Sabina Chiriotti Mr Kevin Tabury Ms Arlette Michaux Dr Emiliano d Agostino Dr Roel Quintens Prof Dr Sarah Baatout Lab of Experimental Radiotherapy (KU Leuven, Belgium) Prof Dr Karin Haustermans Dr Sofie Isebaert Ms Annelies Gonissen Radiation Oncology Department (UCL, Belgium) Prof Dr Vincent Grégoire GANIL (Caen, France) Dr A. Cassimi Dr Y. Saintigny Dr F. Durantel BHTC Belgian Hadron Therapy Centre Private Stichting-Fondation Privée 18
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