Cell Division 10/1/17. The Biology of Cancer. The Biology of Cancer. Week 6. Week 6

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1 10/1/17 Week 6 Week 6 The Biology of Cancer The Biology of Cancer the cell cycle Complete Week 6A edx for Monday. control of cell cycle by specific genes/gene ac4vity Looking ahead: Student class presentations take place on Wednesday next week. Info embedded in the edx Week 6B prelecture assignment. role of oncogenes in cancer progression Define oncogenes / tumor suppressor genes The Cell Cycle Cell Division zygote Biology is the only field in which mul4plica4on and division mean the same thing! (Go to 2:12 minutes) (Go to end: 6:20 minutes) Proteins in the cell act to create the checkpoints control cell cycle progression Checkpoints control the decisions to move through the cell cycle 1

2 Checkpoints control cell cycle progression Genes Associated With Cancer Oncogenes: gas pedal, genes promoting movement through the cell cycle. NO! Tumor Suppressor Genes: the brakes : genes that slow movement though cell cycle by establishing checkpoints. We always assert that the DNA is the same in all cells of an individual, but cancer breaks this rule zygote Normal tissue Cancer tissue àwhat is k-ras doing? Cellular role of k-ras k-ras promotes cell cycle progression. Activity is carefully controlled in cell. Cell signal promoting cell cycle progression 2

3 Consider now the oncogenic form of k-ras It is defective in k-ras to inactive state Multiple genetic changes lead to cancer àwhat is effect on cell behavior? Multiple genetic changes in colon cells lead to cancer Normal colon Benign adenoma Malignant adenocarcinoma Metastasis: cancer cells migrate from the initial growth site and invade other organs. Metastasis is usually the cause of serious and deadly health issues arising from a cancer Looking Ahead Week 6B Wednesday Before class: -Everyone complete 6B edx assignment. -Student groups prepare report on role of known oncogene/tumor suppressor. What are ques4ons from today s class? the cell cycle control of cell cycle by specific genes/gene ac4vity role of oncogenes in cancer progression Define oncogenes / tumor suppressor genes Weds Topic 5b: The Biology of Cancer Class Today recap Student presenta,ons Quiz Personalized medicine 3

4 Cell Cycle Checkpoints All Hallmarks of Cancer properties are due to genetic and epigenetic differences acquired by cancer cells. Cancer is a Genetic Disease: - somatic cells undergo mutations that promote growth behaviors. Multiple Steps Occur in Progression to Cancer Multiple mutations required to create a cancer cell Start at 12:49, go to end learn/cancer/lecture/h9dks/ two-hit-hypothesis-andgenomic-instability Genes Associated With Cancer Oncogenes: gas pedal, genes promoting movement through the cell cycle. Checkpoints control cell cycle progression Tumor Suppressor Genes: the brakes : genes that slow movement though cell cycle by establishing checkpoints. NO! Genetic Causes of Breast Cancer Breast cancer: 12 percent of women in general population. 55 to 65 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA1 mutation. 45 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA2 mutation Ovarian cancer: 1.3 percent of women overall. 39 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA1 mutation 11 to 17 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA2 mutation 4

5 Metastasis: cancer cells migrate from the initial growth site and invade other organs. Metastasis: cancer cells migrate from the initial growth site and invade other organs. Genetic Causes of Breast cancer Looking Ahead Friday Debates Student Debate #3: PRO: Medical associations and health insurance companies should be able to regulate access to certain types of cancer treatments, CON: Only a patient and their physician should specify treatment options. PRO Esteve, Elena Foley, Maddie Giovino, Nick CON Passinault, Noah Paulsen, Ka4e Porath, Mary Kate PRO CON Armbruster, Natalie Benavides, Aaron Barnard, Olivia Berg, David Student Debate #4: PRO: Vaccinations should be mandatory to promote public health, CON: Vaccinations should not be legislated. Breast cancer: 12 percent of women in general population. 55 to 65 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA1 mutation. 45 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA2 mutation Ovarian cancer: 1.3 percent of women overall. 39 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA1 mutation 11 to 17 percent of women who inherit a harmful BRCA2 mutation Everyone: showing up in your tomorrow review studentselected editorial, answer Google ques4on before Friday s class. àthen for Monday: GMO crops Everyone: complete 7A edx assignment before Monday s class. 5