Evolution of chromosomes and genomes
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1 volution of chromosomes and genomes oe Felsenstein GNOM 453, Autumn 2011 volution of chromosomes and genomes p.1/36
2 Chromosome rearrangements Inversion Translocation Transposition Tetraploidy flip move switch Additional question: when these occur they are rare in a population: how do they spread? volution of chromosomes and genomes p.2/36
3 Chironomus banded chromosomes volution of chromosomes and genomes p.3/36
4 Paracentric and pericentric inversions A Paracentric Inversion A B C D F G H I A B C D F G H I A B F D C G H I A B F D C G H I A Pericentric Inversion A B C D F G H I A B C D F G H I A B C H G F D I A B C H G F D I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.4/36
5 Pairing in a paracentric inversion heterozygote D C C D F F A B G H I A B G H I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.5/36
6 Crossover in a paracentric inversion heterozygote D C C D F F A B G H I A B G H I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.6/36
7 These two chromosomes did not cross over D C C D F F A B G H I A B G H I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.7/36
8 This one did. How will it segregate? D C F A B A B volution of chromosomes and genomes p.8/36
9 This one did too. How will it segregate? C D F G H I G H I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.9/36
10 Pairing in a pericentric inversion heterozygote F G F G D A B C D H H I A B C I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.10/36
11 Crossover in a pericentric inversion heterozygote F G F G D A B C D H H I A B C I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.11/36
12 These two products didn t undergo crossing-over F G F G D A B C D H H I A B C I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.12/36
13 One that did. Is anything deleted? Duplicated? D A B C F G H A B C volution of chromosomes and genomes p.13/36
14 The other one that did. Anything deleted, duplicated? F G D H I I volution of chromosomes and genomes p.14/36
15 A translocation Before A B C D F G H I K L M N O P Q Breaks A B C D F G H I K L M N O P Q Rearrangement Q F G H I K L M N O P D C B A After Q F G H I K L M N O P D C B A volution of chromosomes and genomes p.15/36
16 Segregation of translocation heterozygote at first division of meiosis metaphase A B C D A B C D I H G F P O N M L K I H G F P O N M L K Q Q A pair of translocated chromosomes pairs with a pair of untranslocated chromosomes volution of chromosomes and genomes p.16/36
17 Adjacent segregation in translocations A B C D N O P K L M F G H I A B C D F G H I Q Q N O P K L M... Leads to deletions and duplications. volution of chromosomes and genomes p.17/36
18 Alternate segregation in translocations F G H I Q A B C D N O P K L M Q N O P K L M F G H I A B C D... Leads to euploid (normal gene complement) gametes volution of chromosomes and genomes p.18/36
19 Banding pattern changes in two species of Chironomus midges volution of chromosomes and genomes p.19/36
20 Polytene Drosophila chromosomes volution of chromosomes and genomes p.20/36
21 Chromosome phylogeny of Drosophila pseudoobscura etc volution of chromosomes and genomes p.21/36
22 Chromosome phylogeny of Hawaiian Drosophila volution of chromosomes and genomes p.22/36
23 Formation of the Hawaiian islands plate hot spot volution of chromosomes and genomes p.23/36
24 Geology of the Hawaiian islands A chain of seamounts leads northwest back across the Pacific as far as the Kamchatka peninsula of Siberia, an estimated 85 million years. volution of chromosomes and genomes p.24/36
25 Inferred migration events on the Hawaiian islands volution of chromosomes and genomes p.25/36
26 When a tetraploid mates with a diploid a tetraploid an ordinary diploid gametes triploid offspring volution of chromosomes and genomes p.26/36
27 The gametes are aneuploid a tetraploid an ordinary diploid gametes triploid offspring gametes volution of chromosomes and genomes p.27/36
28 And so are the offspring a tetraploid an ordinary diploid gametes triploid offspring gametes the resulting aneuploid offspring volution of chromosomes and genomes p.28/36
29 Polyploid evolution in Clarkia C. Williamsonii Fort Miller Clarkia volution of chromosomes and genomes p.29/36
30 The fern Ophioglossum, high number champion Adders-tongue fern Highest number is in this genus, about 1440 chromosomes, or 720 pairs. volution of chromosomes and genomes p.30/36
31 The ant Myrmecia, low chromosome number champion Myrmecia pilosula, the ack-jumper ant volution of chromosomes and genomes p.31/36
32 Distribution of chromosome numbers in mammals volution of chromosomes and genomes p.32/36
33 Karyotypes of Drosophila species volution of chromosomes and genomes p.33/36
34 Karyotypes of gymnosperms volution of chromosomes and genomes p.34/36
35 Human and mouse genomes compared volution of chromosomes and genomes p.35/36
36 Human and chimp karyotypes compared volution of chromosomes and genomes p.36/36
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volution of chromosomes and genomes oe Felsenstein GNOM 453, Autumn 2013 volution of chromosomes and genomes p.1/38 Chromosome rearrangements Inversion Translocation Transposition Tetraploidy flip move
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