Grup de fisiologia digestiva i adaptacions nutricionals Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria

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1 Grup de fisiologia digestiva i adaptacions nutricionals Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria 1

2 Outline Weaning and the consequences of stress Animal blood plasma Spray-drying SDP SDP in a model of mild intestinal inflammation SDP in a model of acute lung inflammation SDP in a model of colitis The mechanism(s) of action of SDP

3 Experimental design SEB Craig et al (212) Nature 489:

4 Izcue et al (29) Annu Rev Immunol 27:

5 Lallès et al (29) Animal 3:

6 Piglets post-weaning Animal blood plasma Remus et al 213, Livestock Sci 155: Van Dijk et al 22, J Anim Sci 86:17-25 Niewold et al 27, Vet. Microbiol. 124: 3629

7 Experimental design Inflammatory agent: Entorotoxin B from Staphyloccus aureus (SEB) APC Intestinal inflammation T cell

8 APC T cell Luminal water contents Epithelial permeability Flux of dextran and HRP and tight junction proteins Mucosal defensins Cryptdin 4 and β-defensin 1 expression Organized GALT (PP, MLN) Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Diffuse GALT (LPL, IEL) Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Mucosal cytokines Pro-inflammatory cytokine release

9 pmol HRP/cm² h pmol FD/cm 2 h Control SEB SEB-SDP Control SEB SEB-SDP Pérez-Bosque et al (26) J Nutr 136:

10 TNF-α (ng/g tissue) TNF-α (ng/g tissue) Effects of SEB administration TNF-α (pg/ml) Control SEB SEB-SDP IL-1 (ng/g tissue) Control 2 15 Control SEB 1.2 SEB 1 SEB-SDP IL-1 (ng/g tissue) SEB-SDP IL-1 (pg/ml) Pérez-Bosque & Moretó (21) Proc Nutr Soc 69:

11 APC T cell Luminal water contents Epithelial permeability Flux of dextran and HRP and tight junction proteins Mucosal defensins Cryptdin 4 and β-defensin 1 expression Organized GALT (PP, MLN) Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Diffuse GALT (LPL, IEL) Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Mucosal cytokines Pro-inflammatory cytokine release

12 Mucosal interconnection Gill et al (21) Nat Immunol 11:

13 Survival (%) CTL Oral SDP supplements: Increase performance of poults the first week after placement. Reduced mortality in turkeys exposed to P. multocida. Campbell et al (24) J Appl Poult Res 13:

14 Inflammatory agent: Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli LPS challenge 12.5 µg i.n. (day 33) C57BL/6 mice Weaning (day 19) ON DIET (14 days) Control diet Control diet + LPS SDP suppl. (8%) + LPS Supplied by Sacrifice (6 h / 24 h after the challenge) Brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) Lung tissue Blood

15 Innate immunity Activated monocytes and neutrophiles, proinflammatory cytokines & chemokines. Adaptive immunity Activated Th lymphocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines. Regulatory immunity Treg lymphocytes, anti-inflammatory cytokines.

16 pg/ml BALF TNF-α (pg/ml BALF) pg/ml BALF pg/mg prot 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, TNF-α concentration h 6 h 24h Non challenged Challenged IL-1 concentration Control LPS LPS-SDP 12 1 IFN-γ concentration h 6h 24h Non challenged Challenged IL-1 (pg/mg protein) Control LPS LPS-SDP Maijó et al (212) Br J Nutr 17: Maijó et al (212) J Nutr 142:264-7

17 Innate immunity Activated monocytes and neutrophiles, proinflammatory cytokines & chemokines. Adaptive immunity Activated Th lymphocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines. Regulatory immunity Treg lymphocytes, anti-inflammatory cytokines.

18 Outline Weaning and the consequences of stress Animal blood plasma Spray-drying SDP SDP in a model of mild intestinal inflammation SDP in a model of acute lung inflammation SDP in a model of colitis The mechanism(s) of action of SDP

19 Experimental design Craig et al (212) Nature 489:

20 Experimental design SPF area (4 wk) Conventional area (4 wk) Birth Weaning Sacrifice mdr1a -/- mouse Week The model On diet (5 wk) WT-CTL: Control diet KO-CTL: Control diet KO-SDP: SDP suppl. diet (8%) Supplied by P-glycoprotein

21 Experimental design SPF area (4 wk) Conventional area (4 wk) Birth Weaning Sacrifice mdr1a -/- mouse Week The model On diet (5 wk) WT-CTL: Control diet KO-CTL: Control diet KO-SDP: SDP suppl. diet (8%) Supplied by

22 Score WT-CTL KO-CTL KO - SDP 15 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 Infiltration 5 WT KO KO-SDP 1 µm 1 µm 1 µm Pérez-Bosque et al (21) Proc Nutr Soc 69:E262.

23 % of Th lymphocytes % of Th lymphocytes % of Th lymphocytes % of Th lymphocytes Moretó et al 21 Dig Dis Week Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

24 Fold change pg/mg protein Fold change pg/mg protein pg/mg protein pg/mg protein Results pg/mg protein WT KO KO-SDP WT KO KO-SDP Moretó et al 21 Dig Dis Week Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

25 Ratio Arbitrary units FITC-Dextran Crypt lumen Pericryptal space.12.1 min.8 min min.2. WT KO SDP-KO 1.5 FITC-Dextran (4 kda) WT KO 6 12 t (min) 12 min Slope = Permeability index (min -1 ) β-catenin E-Cadherin WT KO KO-SDP Moretó et al (29) Dig Dis Week Meeting, Chicago, IL.

26 Goblet cells/1 µm Fold change Fold change Results WT KO KO-SDP Moretó et al (213) IUPS Meeting, Birmingham, UK.

27 mdr1a -/- mouse Histopathological index Organized GALT (MLN) Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Diffuse GALT (LPL, IEL) Mucosal mucins Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Mucosal cytokines Pro-inflammatory cytokine release Apical junctional complex Expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin Epithelial crypt permeability Flux of dextran Expression of MUC2 & TFF3

28 mdr1a -/- mouse Histopathological index Organized GALT (MLN) Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Diffuse GALT (LPL, IEL) Mucosal mucins Recruitment of cytotoxic populations Mucosal cytokines Pro-inflammatory cytokine release Apical junctional complex Expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin Epithelial crypt permeability Flux of dextran Expression of MUC2 & TFF3

29 T activated / T regulatory lymphocytes +SDP Pro / Anti inflammatory cytokines +SDP C T L SEB mdr1a-/- LPS

30 Outline Weaning and the consequences of stress Animal blood plasma Spray-drying SDP SDP in a model of mild intestinal inflammation SDP in a model of acute lung inflammation SDP in a model of colitis The mechanism(s) of action of SDP

31 M = = = = = = = = = = = = = = LPL DC Naive