Supplemental Information. Infant and Adult Gut Microbiome. and Metabolome in Rural Bassa. and Urban Settlers from Nigeria
|
|
|
- Liliana Barton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cell Reports, Volume 23 Supplemental Information Infant and Adult Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Rural Bassa and Urban Settlers from Nigeria Funmilola A. Ayeni, Elena Biagi, Simone Rampelli, Jessica Fiori, Matteo Soverini, Haruna J. Audu, Sandra Cristino, Leonardo Caporali, Stephanie L. Schnorr, Valerio Carelli, Patrizia Brigidi, Marco Candela, and Silvia Turroni
2 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Figure S1. Biodiversity of the gut microbiome of rural Bassa and urban-living Nigerian populations. Related to Figure 2. (A) Alpha diversity was measured according to the Shannon index. Subject groups are identified with coloured dots within boxes (orange, Bassa infants; red, Bassa adults; green, urban-living infants; olive green, urban-living adults). No significant difference among study groups was found (P-value 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). (B) Number of OTUs observed in the gut microbiota of Bassa infants (BI), urban-living infants (UI), Bassa adults (BA), and urban-living adults (UA). A significant difference was found between BI and UA (P-value=0.03, Wilcoxon ranksum test). (C-D) Beta diversity of the intestinal bacterial communities of study populations, based on Bray-Curtis distances, and respective PCoA plot. A significant separation between Bassa and urbanized Nigerians was found (adonis: P-value=1 10-4, R2=0.12; ANOSIM: P-value=0.002, R=0.21). Different letters in the bar plots (means ± SD) indicate significant differences (P-value , Kruskal-Wallis test). Same colour code as in A.
3 Figure S2. Assignment of bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs). Related to Figure 4. (A) CAGs were defined by heat plot showing Kendall correlations between bacterial genera clustered by Spearman correlation and Ward linkage. Colours are indicative of the four identified CAGs: yellow, Faecalibacterium CAG; pink, Dialister CAG; dark blue, Roseburia CAG; light blue, Prevotella CAG. (B) Network plot showing correlations between the four identified CAGs. Circle size is proportional to the genus abundance. Connections between nodes represent positive and significant Kendall correlations between genera (Pvalue<0.05). Only bacterial genera with 0.1% of relative abundance in at least 30% of subjects were considered.
4 Figure S3. Metabolomics fingerprints of rural Bassa and urban-living Nigerians correlate with gut microbiota data. Related to Figure 6. Procrustes analysis combining Euclidean PCA of metabolic profiles (circle end of lines) with either unweighted (A) or weighted (B) UniFrac PCoA (non-circle end of lines). A significant association between the microbiota and metabolic profiles across the entire study cohort was found (for unweighted UniFrac: m12 squared=0.55, correlation value=0.67; for weighted UniFrac: m12 squared=0.78, correlation value=0.47; P-value 0.002; PROTEST).
5 Figure S4. Microbial taxa correlated with the inter and intra-group separation by metabolites. Related to Figure 6. Scatter plots of individual correlations between PC scores and taxon relative abundances. All correlations shown are significant (P-value<0.05; Kendall tau correlation test).
6 Figure S5. Metabolite profiles of rural Bassa, urban-living Nigerians, Hadza hunter-gatherers and urban-living Italians. Related to Figures 6 and 7. Relative abundance profiles of amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, hexoses, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, as determined through a semi-untargeted approach (based on the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit, BIOCRATES Life Sciences AG) in the faeces from Bassa (B) and urban (U) Nigerians (BI, Bassa infants; BA, Bassa adults; UI, urban-living infants; UA, urban-living adults) of the present study, as well as from the Hadza hunter-gatherer community (H) and urban-living Italians (I) in Turroni et al., Please refer to the main text for details.
7 A B Figure S6. Assignment of metabolic co-abundance groups (CAGs). Related to Figure 6. (A) CAGs were defined by heat plot showing Kendall correlations between faecal metabolites clustered by Spearman correlation and Ward linkage. Colours are indicative of the three identified CAGs: ivory, Hexoses CAG; brownish, Alanine CAG; purple, Threonine CAG. (B) Network plot showing correlations between the three identified CAGs. Circle size is proportional to the metabolite abundance. Connections between nodes represent positive and significant Kendall correlations between metabolites (Pvalue<0.05). Only faecal metabolites with 0.1% of relative abundance in at least 2 subjects were considered.
8 Table S1. Glossary of ingredients and foods consumed by the rural Bassa and urban Nigerians of the present study. Related to Figure 1. For ingredients, the main tubers, grains and fruit are shown, along with the plant genus. For foods, typical soups and other liquid or solid foods are listed, with a brief description. Ingredients Yam Cassava Guinea corn or durra Maize Millet Rice Banana Mango Melon or egusi Okra Foods Ayoyo Dame Eba Fufu Iyan Koko Kuka Kunu Ogi Pap Sokora Tuwo tuber, plant of the genus Dioscorea tuber, plant of the genus Manihot grain, plant of the genus Sorghum grain, plant of the genus Zea grain, plant of the genus Panicum grain, plant of the genus Oryza fruit, plant of the genus Musa fruit, plant of the genus Mangifera fruit, plant of the genus Citrullus fruit, plant of the genus Abelmoschus soup made from leaves of Corchorus olitorius, a variety of jute thick solution prepared by dissolving in water overnight-left tuwo staple food made from dried grated cassava flour staple food made from cassava pounded yam thick paste made from fermented maize, millet and sorghum soup made from powdered leaves of Adansonia digitata (baobab) fermented guinea corn drink fermented corn pap, very popular for infant feeding in Nigeria corn porridge pounded yam staple food in Northern Nigeria, prepared by adding locally milled flour to hot water and allowing solidifying
9 Table S2. Results of adonis and ANOSIM statistics applied to ordination analysis. Related to Figure 2. adonis ANOSIM Categories Ordination R2 P-value R P-value B vs U Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis BI vs BA Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis BI vs UI Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis BI vs UA Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis BA vs UA Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis BA vs UI Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis UI vs UA Weighted UniFrac Unweighted UniFrac Bray-Curtis
10 Table S3. Detailed list of the 185 metabolites detected using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit (BIOCRATES). Related to Figure 6. Compound class N Compound name or abbreviation Acylcarnitines 40 C0, C2, C3, C3:1, C3-OH, C4, C4:1, C4-OH (C3-DC), C5, C5:1, C5:1- DC, C5-DC (C6-OH), C5-M-DC, C5-OH (C3-DC-M), C6 (C4:1-DC), C6:1, C7-DC, C8, C9, C10, C10:1, C10:2, C12, C12:1, C12-DC, C14, C14:1, C14:1-OH, C14:2, C14:2-OH, C16, C16:1, C16:1-OH, C16:2, C16:2-OH, C16-OH, C18, C18:1, C18:1-OH, C18:2 Amino acids and biogenic amines 39 Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cit, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Orn, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val, Ac-Orn, ADMA, SDMA, Total DMA, alpha-aaa, Carnosine, Creatinine, Histamine, Kynurenine, Met-SO, Nitro-Tyr, OH-Pro, PEA, Putrescine, Serotonin, Taurine, Dopamine, DOPA Monosaccharides 1 Sum of hexoses (H1) Sphingolipids 15 SM (OH) C14:1, SM C16:0, SM C16:1, SM (OH) C16:1, SM C18:0, SM C18:1, SM C20:2, SM C22:3, SM (OH) C22:1, SM (OH) C22:2, SM C24:0, SM C24:1, SM (OH) C24:1, SM C26:0, SM C26:1 Glycerophospholipids 90 lysopc a C14:0, lysopc a C16:0, lysopc a C16:1, lysopc a C17:0, lysopc a C18:0, lysopc a C18:1, lysopc a C18:2, lysopc a C20:3, lysopc a C20:4, lysopc a C24:0, lysopc a C26:0, lysopc a C26:1, lysopc a C28:0, lysopc a C28:1, PC aa C24:0, PC aa C26:0, PC aa C28:1, PC aa C30:0, PC aa C30:2, PC aa C32:0, PC aa C32:1, PC aa C32:2, PC aa C32:3, PC aa C34:1, PC aa C34:2, PC aa C34:3, PC aa C34:4, PC aa C36:0, PC aa C36:1, PC aa C36:2, PC aa C36:3, PC aa C36:4, PC aa C36:5, PC aa C36:6, PC aa C38:0, PC aa C38:1, PC aa C38:3, PC aa C38:4, PC aa C38:5, PC aa C38:6, PC aa C40:1, PC aa C40:2, PC aa C40:3, PC aa C40:4, PC aa C40:5, PC aa C40:6, PC aa C42:0, PC aa C42:1, PC aa C42:2, PC aa C42:4, PC aa C42:5, PC aa C42:6, PC ae C30:0, PC ae C30:1, PC ae C30:2, PC ae C32:1, PC ae C32:2, PC ae C34:0, PC ae C34:1, PC ae C34:2, PC ae C34:3, PC ae C36:0, PC ae C36:1, PC ae C36:2, PC ae C36:3, PC ae C36:4, PC ae C36:5, PC ae C38:0, PC ae C38:1, PC ae C38:2, PC ae C38:3, PC ae C38:4, PC ae C38:5, PC ae C38:6, PC ae C40:1, PC ae C40:2, PC ae C40:3, PC aa C40:4, PC ae C40:5, PC ae C40:6, PC ae C42:0, PC ae C42:1, PC ae C42:2, PC ae C42:3, PC ae C42:4, PC ae C42:5, PC ae C44:3, PC ae C44:4, PC ae C44:5, PC ae C44:6
S-01 SUPPORTING INFORMATION. TITLE: Inter-laboratory reproducibility of a targeted metabolomics platform for analysis of human serum and plasma
SUPPORTING INFORMATION TITLE: Inter-laboratory reproducibility of a targeted metabolomics platform for analysis of human serum and plasma Alexandros P. Siskos, 1 Pooja Jain, 1 Werner Römisch-Margl, 2 Mark
AbsoluteIDQ Kit: Targeted Metabolomics Identification and Quantification
AbsoluteIDQ Kit: Targeted Metabolomics Identification and Quantification Accurate, Reproducible, Metabolomics Studies The word metabolome refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites arising
Mortality prediction in patients with severe septic shock: a pilot study using a target
Supplementary Information Mortality prediction in patients with severe septic shock: a pilot study using a target metabolomics approach. Manuela Ferrario 1#*, Alice Cambiaghi 1#, Laura Brunelli 2#, Silvia
1. Describe the relationship of dietary protein and the health of major body systems.
Food Explorations Lab I: The Building Blocks STUDENT LAB INVESTIGATIONS Name: Lab Overview In this investigation, you will be constructing animal and plant proteins using beads to represent the amino acids.
paper and beads don t fall off. Then, place the beads in the following order on the pipe cleaner:
Beady Pipe Cleaner Proteins Background: Proteins are the molecules that carry out most of the cell s dayto-day functions. While the DNA in the nucleus is "the boss" and controls the activities of the cell,
Gut microbiome in Hadza huntergatherers, adaptation to a Paleolithic lifestyle
Gut microbiome in Hadza huntergatherers, adaptation to a Paleolithic lifestyle Patrizia Brigidi Dept. Pharmacy and Biotechnology University of Bologna patrizia.brigidi@unibo.it THE HUMAN MICROBIOTA: PHYLOGENETIC
LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Name: Period Date :
LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Name: Period Date : Laboratory Experience #23 Bridge Worth 80 Lab Minutes If two organisms have similar portions of DNA (genes), these organisms will probably make similar
List of Metabolites: MxP Quant 500 Kit
List of Metabolites: MxP Quant 500 Kit Trigonelline TMAO Trigonelline Trimethylamine N-oxide Alkaloids (1) Amine Oxides (1) Amino Acids (20) Ala Alanine Leu Leucine Arg Arginine Lys Lysine Asn Asparagine
Amino Acids. Amino Acids. Fundamentals. While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an NH. 3 and CO NH 3
Fundamentals While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an 2 group and a 2 group, these groups are actually present as 3 and 2 respectively. They are classified as α, β, γ, etc..
Arginine side chain interactions and the role of arginine as a mobile charge carrier in voltage sensitive ion channels. Supplementary Information
Arginine side chain interactions and the role of arginine as a mobile charge carrier in voltage sensitive ion channels Craig T. Armstrong, Philip E. Mason, J. L. Ross Anderson and Christopher E. Dempsey
The added value of molecular phenotypes: towards the identification of animal welfare proxies
The added value of molecular phenotypes: towards the identification of animal welfare proxies Luca Fontanesi Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Division of Animal Sciences University of Bologna
BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW. Overview of Biomolecules. Chapter 4 Protein Sequence
BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW Overview of Biomolecules Chapter 4 Protein Sequence 2 3 4 Are You Getting It?? A molecule of hemoglobin is compared with a molecule of lysozyme. Which characteristics do they share?
Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of
Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of nucleic acids determine the properties of that polymer. Do Now: Read the first two paragraphs from enduring understanding 4.A Essential knowledge:
Biomolecules: amino acids
Biomolecules: amino acids Amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins They are also part of hormones, neurotransmitters and metabolic intermediates There are 20 different amino acids in
Supplementary Figure-1. SDS PAGE analysis of purified designed carbonic anhydrase enzymes. M1-M4 shown in lanes 1-4, respectively, with molecular
Supplementary Figure-1. SDS PAGE analysis of purified designed carbonic anhydrase enzymes. M1-M4 shown in lanes 1-4, respectively, with molecular weight markers (M). Supplementary Figure-2. Overlay of
Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products)
Page 8/6: The cell Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 11/10: Structural hierarchy Proteins Phenotype of organism 3 Dimensional structure Function by interaction THE PROTEIN
CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics
Spring 2016 Protein Structure February 7, 2016 Introduction to Protein Structure A protein is a linear chain of organic molecular building blocks called amino acids. Introduction to Protein Structure Amine
Classification of amino acids: -
Page 1 of 8 P roteinogenic amino acids, also known as standard, normal or primary amino acids are 20 amino acids that are incorporated in proteins and that are coded in the standard genetic code (subunit
Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A
Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Homework Watch the Bozeman video called, Biological Molecules Objective:
Chemistry 121 Winter 17
Chemistry 121 Winter 17 Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: 318-257-4941;
What is most limiting?
The Amino Acid Content of Rumen Microbes, Feed, Milk and Tissue after Multiple Hydrolysis Times and Implications for the CNCPS M. E. Van Amburgh, A. F. Ortega, S. W. Fessenden, D. A. Ross, and P. A. LaPierre
Properties of amino acids in proteins
Properties of amino acids in proteins one of the primary roles of DNA (but far from the only one!!!) is to code for proteins A typical bacterium builds thousands types of proteins, all from ~20 amino acids
Proteins are a major component of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leached from terrestrially aged Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves
Environ. Chem. 216, 13, 877 887 doi:1.171/en165_ac CSIRO 216 Supplementary material Proteins are a major component of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leached from terrestrially aged Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Cells N5 Homework book
1 Cells N5 Homework book 2 Homework 1 3 4 5 Homework2 Cell Ultrastructure and Membrane 1. Name and give the function of the numbered organelles in the cell below: A E B D C 2. Name 3 structures you might
Practice Problems 3. a. What is the name of the bond formed between two amino acids? Are these bonds free to rotate?
Life Sciences 1a Practice Problems 3 1. Draw the oligopeptide for Ala-Phe-Gly-Thr-Asp. You do not need to indicate the stereochemistry of the sidechains. Denote with arrows the bonds formed between the
CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, Enzymes Learning Objectives: q The 20 common, naturally occurring
9/6/2011. Amino Acids. C α. Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups
Amino Acids Side chains (R groups) vary in: size shape charge hydrogen-bonding capacity hydrophobic character chemical reactivity C α Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups Glycine (Gly, G) Alanine (Ala, A) Valine
Amino acid metabolism
Amino acid metabolism The important reaction commonly employed in the breakdown of an amino acid is always the removal of its -amino group. The product ammonia is excreted after conversion to urea or other
Biomolecules Amino Acids & Protein Chemistry
Biochemistry Department Date: 17/9/ 2017 Biomolecules Amino Acids & Protein Chemistry Prof.Dr./ FAYDA Elazazy Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Intended Learning Outcomes ILOs By the end
Amino Acids. Review I: Protein Structure. Amino Acids: Structures. Amino Acids (contd.) Rajan Munshi
Review I: Protein Structure Rajan Munshi BBSI @ Pitt 2005 Department of Computational Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine May 24, 2005 Amino Acids Building blocks of proteins 20 amino acids
Determination of Unbound Urinary Amino Acids Incorporated with Creatinine Normalization by LC-MS/MS Method with CLAM-2000 Online Sample Pre-treatment
PO-CON133E Determination of Unbound Urinary Amino Acids Incorporated with Creatinine Normalization by LC-MS/MS Method with CLAM-2000 Online Sample Pre-treatment ASMS 201 WP 34 Zhe Sun 1, Jie Xing 1, Ei
For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:
Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Examination #5 PRACTICE 1 For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response
Introduction to Protein Structure Collection
Introduction to Protein Structure Collection Teaching Points This collection is designed to introduce students to the concepts of protein structure and biochemistry. Different activities guide students
AMINO ACID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
AMINO ACID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Amino acids derived from dietary protein absorbed from intestine through blood taken up by tissues used for biosynthesis
Identification of free amino acids in several crude extracts of two legumes
1 2 Identification of free amino acids in several crude extracts of two legumes using Thin Layer Chromatography 3 Authors 4 5 6 7 8 9 Taghread Hudaib Key words 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Amino acids;
The Basics: A general review of molecular biology:
The Basics: A general review of molecular biology: DNA Transcription RNA Translation Proteins DNA (deoxy-ribonucleic acid) is the genetic material It is an informational super polymer -think of it as the
Algal Biofuels Research: Using basic science to maximize fuel output. Jacob Dums, PhD candidate, Heike Sederoff Lab March 9, 2015
Algal Biofuels Research: Using basic science to maximize fuel output Jacob Dums, PhD candidate, jtdums@ncsu.edu Heike Sederoff Lab March 9, 2015 Outline Research Approach Dunaliella Increase Oil Content
AA s are the building blocks of proteins
Chamras Chemistry 106 Lecture otes Chapter 24: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins General Formula: () n (') α-amino Acids: (n = 1) Example: Amino Acids and Proteins: Glycine Alanine Valine AA s are the
Biology. Lectures winter term st year of Pharmacy study
Biology Lectures winter term 2008 1 st year of Pharmacy study 3 rd Lecture Chemical composition of living matter chemical basis of life. Atoms, molecules, organic compounds carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids only macromolecules that do not form polymers li3le or no affinity for water hydrophobic consist mostly of hydrocarbons nonpolar covalent bonds fats
Towards a New Paradigm in Scientific Notation Patterns of Periodicity among Proteinogenic Amino Acids [Abridged Version]
![Towards a New Paradigm in Scientific Notation Patterns of Periodicity among Proteinogenic Amino Acids [Abridged Version]](/thumbs/84/90818314.jpg "Towards a New Paradigm in Scientific Notation Patterns of Periodicity among Proteinogenic Amino Acids [Abridged Version]")
Earth/matriX: SCIENCE TODAY Towards a New Paradigm in Scientific Notation Patterns of Periodicity among Proteinogenic Amino Acids [Abridged Version] By Charles William Johnson Earth/matriX Editions P.O.
Metabolism of amino acids. Vladimíra Kvasnicová
Metabolism of amino acids Vladimíra Kvasnicová Classification of proteinogenic AAs -metabolic point of view 1) biosynthesis in a human body nonessential (are synthesized) essential (must be present in
Outline. Ø Standard Recommendations. Ø Minimum / Optimal / Maximum CONFUSION? Ø Quality Ø Impact of Shifting from Animal to Plant-Based Proteins
Protein 101 Outline Ø Standard Recommendations Ø Minimum / Optimal / Maximum CONFUSION? Ø Quality Ø Impact of Shifting from Animal to Plant-Based Proteins Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) Dietary Guidelines
Figure S1. Effect of bafilomycin on EGF-induced Akt and Erk signaling. Effect of chloroquine on EGF-stimulated mtorc1, Akt and Erk
EGF induced VATPase assembly and mtorc1 activation Supplemental Information Supplemental Figure Legends Figure S1. Effect of bafilomycin on EGFinduced Akt and Erk signaling. A. Hepatocytes were treated
MPRP Annual Report (January 2012)
MPRP Annual Report (January 2012) Further Evaluation of a New Precision-Fed Chick Assay for Determining Amino Acid Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy of Feed Ingredients C.M. Parsons University of
Protein Investigator. Protein Investigator - 3
Protein Investigator Objectives To learn more about the interactions that govern protein structure. To test hypotheses regarding protein structure and function. To design proteins with specific shapes.
Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an
Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity Zhuo-Fu Wu 1,2,+, Zhi Wang 1,+, Ye Zhang 3, Ya-Li Ma 3, Cheng-Yan He 4, Heng Li 1, Lei Chen 1, Qi-Sheng Huo 3, Lei Wang 1,*
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information Two common structural motifs for TCR recognition by staphylococcal enterotoxins Karin Erica Johanna Rödström 1, Paulina Regenthal 1, Christopher Bahl 2, Alex Ford 2, David Baker
Wheat Amino acids & Peptides for Hair Care. INCI Name EU/USA CAS # EINECS # Hydrolyzed wheat protein
KELYAMIN Wheat Amino acids & Peptides for Hair Care Identification INCI Name EU/USA CAS # EINECS # Hydrolyzed wheat protein 70084-87-6 305-225-0 Composition % Liquid Powder Aqua Hydrolyzed wheat protein
Proteins are sometimes only produced in one cell type or cell compartment (brain has 15,000 expressed proteins, gut has 2,000).
Lecture 2: Principles of Protein Structure: Amino Acids Why study proteins? Proteins underpin every aspect of biological activity and therefore are targets for drug design and medicinal therapy, and in
If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out.
Sign In Forgot Password Register username username password password Sign In If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out. ChemWiki
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins
Prof Velmurugu Ravindran Massey University, New Zealand
Prof Velmurugu Ravindran Massey University, New Zealand Digestible amino acids in feedstuffs for poultry Sponsored by: Ileal Digestible Amino acids in Feedstuffs for Poultry V. Ravindran Massey University
An Introduction to the Use of itraq Reagents for Amino Acid Analysis
An Introduction to the Use of itraq Reagents for Amino Acid Analysis Lisa Sapp Clinical Research and Forensic Toxicology Product Manager Mass Spectrometry Systems Amino Acid Analysis Using itraq Reagents
2. Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be found on the outer surface of a properly folded protein?
Name: WHITE Student Number: Answer the following questions on the computer scoring sheet. 1 mark each 1. Which of the following amino acids would have the highest relative mobility R f in normal thin layer
Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules. Biological Macromolecules. Lipids
Biological Macromolecules Much larger than other par4cles found in cells Made up of smaller subunits Found in all cells Great diversity of func4ons Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules Lipids Polysaccharides
Diet-microbiome-health interactions in older people
Diet-microbiome-health interactions in older people Paul W. O Toole Prof. Microbial Genomics School of Microbiology, Univ. College Cork, Ireland APC Microbiome Institute, Univ. College Cork, Ireland http://apc.ucc.ie
Cells. Variation and Function of Cells
Cells Variation and Function of Cells Plasma Membrane= the skin of a cell, it protects and nourishes the cell while communicating with other cells at the same time. Lipid means fat and they are hydrophobic
SIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM
SIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM When we eat food such as a tuna fish sandwich, the polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are digested to smaller molecules that are absorbed into the cells of our body. As these
Proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of fish maws. Department of Biology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, , China
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of fish maws Jing Wen a, Ling Zeng b *, Youhou Xu c, Yulin Sun a, Ziming Chen b and Sigang Fan d a Department of Biology,
Dissecting complex traits in pigs: metabotypes illuminate genomics for practical applications
Dissecting complex traits in pigs: metabotypes illuminate genomics for practical applications Luca Fontanesi Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Division of Animal Sciences University of Bologna
1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids
Amino acids 1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids 5-To understand amino acids synthesis Amino
AP Bio. Protiens Chapter 5 1
Concept.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins account for more than 0% of the dry mass of most cells Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport,
collected for biochemical and molecular microbiological analyses at baseline, week 4 and
SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE LEGENDS Figure S1 Study design. Figure was adapted from Paramsothy et al. 5 Blood and stool samples were collected for biochemical and molecular microbiological analyses at baseline,
v. reitschlagerova Renal Amino Acid Excretion and Aging H. NADVORNlKOVA, O. SCHUCK, V. TEPLAN, D. TOMKOVA,
Physiol. Res. 40:87-94, 1991 Renal Amino Acid Excretion and Aging H. NADVORNlKOVA, O. SCHUCK, V. TEPLAN, D. TOMKOVA, v. reitschlagerova Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague Received
Short polymer. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer
HO 1 2 3 H HO H Short polymer Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond Unlinked monomer H 2 O HO 1 2 3 4 H Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer HO 1 2 3
Molecular Biology. general transfer: occurs normally in cells. special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions.
Chapter 9: Proteins Molecular Biology replication general transfer: occurs normally in cells transcription special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions translation unknown transfer:
Third Exam Practice Test
Third Exam Practice Test 1. A mixture of aspartic acid, methionine and arginine can be separated by electrophoresis. Explain how this would be done and what exactly happens during the separation. What
Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Concept 5.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells Protein functions include structural support, storage,
Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Fall Instructor: Professor Gopal. Examination # 5: Section Five May 7, Name: (print)
Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Instructor: Professor Gopal Examination # 5: Section Five May 7, 2013 Name: (print) Directions: Make sure your examination contains TEN total pages (including this
Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Full inter-omic cross-sectional correlation network Statistically-significant inter-omic cross-sectional Spearman correlations (p adj
Chapter 20 and GHW#10 Questions. Proteins
Chapter 20 and GHW#10 Questions Proteins Proteins Naturally occurring bioorganic polyamide polymers containing a sequence of various combinations of 20 amino acids. Amino acids contain the elements carbon,
Are microbes the missing piece of the gut comfort puzzle?
Priority Research Programme Foods for improving gut function and comfort Are microbes the missing piece of the gut comfort puzzle? Wayne Young Senior Scientist, AgResearch Host institution Foods for gut
True Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Digestibility of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles
2006 Poultry Science Association, Inc. True Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Digestibility of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles A. B. Batal 1 and N. M. Dale Department of Poultry Science, University
Methionine (Met or M)
Fig. 5-17 Nonpolar Fig. 5-17a Nonpolar Glycine (Gly or G) Alanine (Ala or A) Valine (Val or V) Leucine (Leu or L) Isoleucine (Ile or I) Methionine (Met or M) Phenylalanine (Phe or F) Polar Trypotphan (Trp
PROTEINS. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Acid L-form * * Lecture 6 Macromolecules #2 O = N -C -C-O.
Proteins: Linear polymers of amino acids workhorses of the cell tools, machines & scaffolds Lecture 6 Macromolecules #2 PRTEINS 1 Enzymes catalysts that mediate reactions, increase reaction rate Structural
For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:
Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Examination #5 PRACTICE 1 ANSWERS For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the
Study of Amino Acids in DDGS
Study of Amino Acids in DDGS Y. Zhang, J. V. Simpson and B. A. Wrenn National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center Edwardsville, IL 62025 Hans Stein University of Illinois Urbana Champaign Gerald C. Shurson
Protein and Amino Acid Analysis. Chemistry M3LC
Protein and Amino Acid Analysis Chemistry M3LC Proteins Proteins are made up of amino acids: H2N-CHR-COOH + H3N-CHR-COO - neutral form zwitterionic form There are twenty standard amino acids: A ala alanine
endopeptidases aminopeptidases carboxypeptidases hydrolyzes a peptide bond somewhere in the middle of the polypeptide
1 Amino Acid Metabolism: The primary purpose for s in the body is to provide the building blocks for proteins R other s. owever, if there is no protein synthesis occurring, the s can be broken down (i.e.
Supplementary Information. Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Metabolic Profiles in Brain and Liver of Mouse by a
Supplementary Information Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Metabolic Profiles in Brain and Liver of Mouse by a High-throughput Targeted Metabolomics Approach Nanyang Yu, Si Wei, *, Meiying Li, Jingping
(65 pts.) 27. (10 pts.) 28. (15 pts.) 29. (10 pts.) TOTAL (100 points) Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring Instructor: Professor Gopal
Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring 2012 Instructor: Professor Gopal Examination # 5: Section Five May 1, 2012 Name: (print) GOOD LUCK! Directions: Make sure your examination contains TWELVE total pages
Introduction to Peptide Sequencing
Introduction to Peptide equencing Quadrupole Ion Traps tructural Biophysics Course December 3, 2014 12/8/14 Introduction to Peptide equencing - athan Yates 1 Why are ion traps used to sequence peptides?
Optimizing Protein in a Carbohydrate World
Optimizing Protein in a Carbohydrate World Donald K. Layman, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign The confused consumer 1 Myth:
Microbiome in You: Optimizing Gut Bacteria for Better IBD Management
Microbiome in You: Optimizing Gut Bacteria for Better IBD Management KT Park, M.D., M.S. Assistant Professor Co-Director, Stanford Children s Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Stanford University School
Four melanocyte-stimulating hormones have the following amino acid sequences:
Assignment 14: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone belongs to a group called the melanocortins. This group includes ACTH, alpha-msh, beta-msh and gamma-msh; these peptides are all cleavage products of a large
Phenylketonuria (PKU) Structure of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. Biol 405 Molecular Medicine
Phenylketonuria (PKU) Structure of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Biol 405 Molecular Medicine 1998 Crystal structure of phenylalanine hydroxylase solved. The polypeptide consists of three regions: Regulatory
Tools for Monitoring Dietary Diversity & Frequency of Vitamin A intake
Tools for Monitoring Dietary Diversity & Frequency of Vitamin A intake Temesgen F. Bocher, and Jan Low International Potato Center MLE-COP Meeting Kigali, 28 April 2016 OBJECTIVE Review the different DD
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5
Key Concepts: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins Enzymatic s
HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
TOP TEN IN GASTROENTEROLOGIA - ISEO 13_14 14 MARZO 2015 Microbiota intestinale: un decennio di conquiste marco.candela@unibo.it candela@unibo it HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA we are 90% bacteria (10 13 10
The Grain Sorghum Ferris Wheel
The Grain Sorghum Ferris Wheel Introduction Amy Moss A Luke Witt, @alukewitt instagram Presently, 628 million broilers processed An increasing annual requirement of over 3 million tonnes of rations, in
LC-MS Analysis of Amino Acids on a Novel Mixed-Mode HPLC Column
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry SSI-LCMS-022 LC-MS Analysis of Amino Acids on a ovel Mixed-Mode PLC Column LCMS-8040 Background There are four established methods for analyzing amino acids: prelabeled,
CHM333 LECTURE 6: 1/25/12 SPRING 2012 Professor Christine Hrycyna AMINO ACIDS II: CLASSIFICATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH AMINO ACID:
AMINO ACIDS II: CLASSIFICATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH AMINO ACID: - The R group side chains on amino acids are VERY important. o Determine the properties of the amino acid itself o Determine
Alpha diversity estimate coefficient P value No. of OTUs shannon chao PD_whole_tree
Supplementary Table 1. Paired differences between swab-1 and swab-2 in estimates of alpha diversity. Swab-1 mean Swab-2 paired Student t test P value paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test No. of unique OTUs
Introduction to proteins and protein structure
Introduction to proteins and protein structure The questions and answers below constitute an introduction to the fundamental principles of protein structure. They are all available at [link]. What are
Production and sensory evaluation of food blends from maize-plantain-soybean as infant complementary food
Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research Vol. 3(6), pp. 75 79, 16 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jsppr DOI: 10.5897/JSPPR11.051 ISSI 2141-6567 2012 Academic
Biological evaluation of analogues of an insect neuropeptide proctolin
Vol. 51 No. 1/2004 115 119 QUARTERLY Biological evaluation of analogues of an insect neuropeptide proctolin Iwona Woźnica 1, Wioletta Szeszel-Fedorowicz 1, Grzegorz Rosiński 2 and Danuta Konopińska 1 1
Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins
Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids All peptides and polypeptides are polymers of alpha-amino acids. There are 20 a- amino acids that are relevant to the make-up of mammalian proteins (see below). Several
Chapter 3: Amino Acids and Peptides
Chapter 3: Amino Acids and Peptides BINF 6101/8101, Spring 2018 Outline 1. Overall amino acid structure 2. Amino acid stereochemistry 3. Amino acid sidechain structure & classification 4. Non-standard