WHY IS BULL SELECTION SO IMPORTANT?: 2005
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1 WHY IS BULL SELECTION SO IMPORTANT?: 2005 Even thugh the bull cntributes 50% f it s genetic make up t each calf, the number f calves he sires, dramatically increases the magnitude f it s cntributin. In three successive generatins, the bulls accunt fr 87% f the genetic variatin f calves currently in yur herd. In fact, bull selectin accunts fr 80% t 90% f the genetic imprvement in yur herd. T..v. buvrm (bulle) haal ek graag wrdeliks vir Prf. Jan Bnsma aan ss hy in sy bek Livestck Prductin A Glbal Apprach p bl 103 Tabel 8 die Standard f Excellence f Bnsmara cattle beskryf ITEM DESIRABLE Functinal efficiency fertility Bull: Masculine and virile, high libid. Bdy cnfrmatin Symmetrically balanced bulls; clearly defined muscles General frm and type Bulls: Deep in frnt but well - muscled in hind quarters Neck Well develped crest and clearly defined muscles in bull Shulders Bull: Neat attachment, free mving, well muscled Back Brad, straight. Bull: Muscles ver lin prnunced
2 Lin Prminent, giving the impressin f strength Hind quarter and thighs Muscles clearly defined in bulls Selfs in die 1960 s het Prf. Jan ged geballanseerde en sterk bespierde bulle as die gewensde tipe beskryf. Die kntrversiële afdeling van hierdie Nuusbrief: Dit is m hierdie redes dat ns grt meite den met ns bulseleksies en ns prbeer m altyd die beste bulle beskikbaar te gebruik. Om middelmatige bulle te gebruik beteken jy trap water. Om natuurlik beste te definieer is meilik en kan van teler tt teler verskil. Ons definisie van beste is die vlgende: Baie geie buvrm en tipe wat insluit geie manlikheid, bespiering, medium raam en geie balans. Aanvaarbare teelwaardes wye maksimum en minimum grense. In ns testande eerder laer as hër teelwaardes. Aanvaarbare prestasie syfers. Ons wil graag n bul gebruik uit n tp meder tp vrugbaarheid en retensie en tp buvrm (vrulik, wigvrmig, geie uier en spene en uit n lang lyn van geie meders.) As u n bul identifiseer wat aan al vier bgenemde punte vlden, is dit die bul m te gebruik. Hgstens sal ns in sekere gevalle een van die punte gedeeltelik prysgee as hy spesifiek in die ander drie punte baie sterk is. Drie aanhalings van Prf Bnsma ss pgeteken in die 40 jarige Bnsmara Gedenk Jernaal. Inteel is geen prbleem in n ras waar jy sveel prestasie getetsde diere het ss by die Bnsmara ras nie. Die inteel strie wrd rdryf. bl VI As n mens ju mederlyne geïdentifiseer het en jy teel n bul daaruit, is jy ten minste 90% seker dat die bul ju swakker mederlyne gaan verbeter. - bl VI
3 A sexually active bull is alert and interested in it s immediate envirnment. Bulls mustn t be dreamers - page II. Die vlgende is algemene stellings vanuit verskeie brnne. Al hierdie stellings wrd gemaak deur wetenskaplikes en is werk wat geden is deur Universiteite en Prefplase, die meeste hiervan is k gepubliseer in Wetenskaplike Tydskrifte ss die American Jurnal f Animal Science iets m r na te dink en smmige k kntrversieel. Die sleutel tt geie knsepsie is Liggaams kndisie telling by die tyd van kalwing. Vir die beste kndisie telling (en dus die hgste knsepsie) kalf s na as mntlik aan die langste dag van die jaar 22 Desember. Indien jy hierdie tyd laat kalf kan jy k die laagste kste spandeer p die kei/kalf eenheid. (Ek weet net nie watse krappe gaan ns speen nie en kan ns regtig sveel staat maak p sveel kmpensatriese grei? Maar as kstes knyp, kan hierdie dalk n plssing wees.) If calves are nt sld at weaning,.. weaning weight becmes a fairly unimprtant number. Vir n vers m p haar tweede verjaarsdag te kalf met haar eerste siklus p 400 dae wees. Die knsepsie by verse was 21% hër by verse wanneer hulle in hul derde siklus gedek is versus die eerste f tweede siklus na puberteit. The heifer brn during mnths f lng phtperids, experienced pubertal estrus at a yunger age. This culd result in an age difference f up t 60 days. A 45 day breeding seasn increases cnceptin rate when cmpared with lnger perids. The suggestin is t use the bulls nly when there is a respectable chance that the females will cnceive a high bdy cnditin scre is essential. Culling pen cws after a 45 day expsure t bulls rapidly increases herd fertility. Calving clser t the lngest day f the year gives the cws the pprtunity t increase bdy cnditin scre prir t calving and helps t reduce the pstpartum interval. Bul stimulasie van keie met lae liggaams kndisie telling kan n psitiewe effek he p die interval van kalwing tt by estrus. Ons weet dit werk defnitief by skape! Om kalwers vreg te speen (heeltemal weg te neem) het n beduidende effek p die vermindering van die dae vanaf gebrte tt estrus. Om kalwers (45 dae en uer) 48 uur af te hk kan keie natuurlik sinchrniseer. Om kalwers elke aand gedurende die dekseisen af te hk kan k ju kalf persentasie beduidend verbeter.
4 Speen massa verhuding begin drasties afneem by ngeveer 500kg kei massa. Die bevinding is dat keie r 570kg baie ndeltreffend raak in terme van kilgram gespeen teenr kilgram nderhu. Keie kan sveel as 20% van hul liggaamsmassa verlr p sekere tye van die jaar, (veral na kalwing) snder enige skadelike effek p lang termyn prduktiwiteit, p die vrwaarde dat hulle in geie kndisie is met kalwing en vanaf die peride waar hulle begin gewig verlr. D.w.s n 500 kg kei kan tt 100kg verlr met net nie dat sy te maer kalf nie! Verse p beperkte veding na speen het p 430 dae uderdm (na 100 dae van geie veding) dieselfde geweeg as hulle maats wat heeltyd gever was. Kmpensatriese grei is n werklikheid en ns as beesbere behrt dit te benut. Beskikbare data dui daarp dat greitemps van meer as g per dag n permanente negatiewe effek p uierntwikkeling van melkbeeste het. Die kritiese peride is vanaf 2 maande uderdm tt ngeveer 2 maande na puberteit. Presiese data vir vleisbeeste is nie beskikbaar nie maar met ns vree kalwings in die lente en tenames van gebrte tt speen van 1kg per dag en meer maak ns nie dalk drg nie? As ns later kalf (22 Desember?) gaan ns nie beter verse grtmaak nie? Ons gaan skinny heifers he maar dalk beter keie! Om kalwers te speen deur hulle te skei van hulle meders met n sterk heining in die veld, is die beste speenpraktyk vir die kalwers en die meders. Bgenemde is uittreksels uit wetenskaplike artikels die vlgende is ns eie mening pgemaak uit eie ndervinding. Teelwaardes Ons het vrede gemaak met teelwaardes in die sin dat ns dit sien as net een van baie hulpmiddels en nie die eerste f belangrikste hulpmiddel nie. Ons is k seker dat waar ns ber, met kue, lang winters en weiding met baie lae vedingswaarde vir die grtste deel van die jaar ns verseker nie hë teelwaardes kan he f dit gaan nastreef nie. Onder hierdie testande behrt ns dalk selfs laer as rasgemiddelde teelwaardes te he. Onthu Blup is n manier van meet ns wat Blup gebruik besluit self waar ns teelwaardes behrt te le dit is nie Blup se skuld as ns verkeerde tipe beeste teel nie dit is ns eie skuld - in meeste gevalle is n grt psitief beslis nie beter as n klein psitief f selfs as n negatiewe waarde nie. Dit is net menslik, mdat ns van kleins af s geleer wrd, dat ns gl psitief is beter as negatief met teelwaardes met ns waak teen ns instink. Deur grt indekse te jaag het ns die Bnsmara amper grt skade aangeden grt Blupsyfers gaan dieselfde, net ng vinniger den! Ons lees en wrd gereeld vertel dat
5 klein raam keie meer eknmies, meer deltreffend en vrugbaarder is as grtraam keie n
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