Marine natural products. in clinical trials and on the market. By: Z. Janahmadi

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Marine natural products. in clinical trials and on the market. By: Z. Janahmadi"

Transcription

1 Marine natural products in clinical trials and on the market By: Z. Janahmadi

2 Presentation outline Marine natural products that are under clinical trials, or that have been approved as drugs: Antitumor Antiviral Analgesic Other applications

3 Antitumor Four drugs: on the market Cytarabine (Cytosar ) Trabectedin ( ET-743, Yondelis ) Eribulin mesylate (ET7389, Halaven ) Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris ) Nine molecules: in clinical trials monomethylauristatin E monomethylauristatin F Dehydrodidemnin B (plitidepsin, aplidin ) Plinabulin (NPI-2358) Dolastatin-15 Marizomib (NPI-0052, Salinosporamide A) Bryostatin 1 E7974 Lurbinectedin

4 Antiviral drugs Vidarabine Arabinofuranosyladenine, adenine arabinoside, Ara-A Synthetic purine nucleoside Developed from Spongouridine Tethya crypta Streptomyces antibioticus Converted into adenine arabinoside triphosphate Inhibits viral DNA polymerase Inhibits DNA synthesis of herpes, vaccinia, and varicella zoster viruses

5

6 1976: FDA approval Indications: Acute keratoconjunctivitis Recurrent epithelial keratitis caused by HSV1,2 Superficial keratitis caused by HSV that has not respond to topical idoxuridine King pharmaceuticals Discontinued in june of 2001 in US Lower therapeutic window of vidarabine relative to newer antiviral compounds currently on the market Ophthalmic oint 3% in Europe

7 Analgesic Neuropathic & chronic pain Especially in morphine unresponsive patients Ziconotide Tetrodotoxin

8 Ziconotide (Prialt ) ω- conotoxin: 25 amino acid peptide Isolated from the venom of the cone snail Conus magus

9

10 Ziconotide (Prialt ) Synthesized in 1987 FDA approval: 2004 Intrathecal Management of severe chronic pain associated with cancer, AIDS, and neuropathies that is refractory to other treatment modalities

11 Ziconotide (Prialt ) Selective N-type voltage sensitive calcium channel blocker Reduces excitatory neurotransmitter release from the primary afferent nerve terminals

12

13

14

15 Ziconotide (Prialt ) Fast titration regimen: serious adverse events Slow titration regimen: FDA approved Initial dose: not exceed 2.4μg/day (0.1μg/h) Optimum dose: should be slowly uptitrated ( no more than 2-3 times/week) Recommended max dose (by day 21): 19.2 μg/day

16 Ziconotide (Prialt ) Highly hydrophilic & large molecule 1mm/2h Lag time for onset & offset of analgesia Onset of pain relief: after 2-4 h Maximum effect: after 8-12 h Offset of pain relief: up to 48 h after discontinuation

17 Side effects: Dizziness Confusion Ataxia memory impairment Nystagmus Hallucination Vertigo Nausea vomiting Ziconotide (Prialt )

18 Ziconotide (Prialt ) Strong antinociceptive effects At leaset 10 times more potent than intratecal morphine No tolerance Elan corporation 2010: $6.1 M

19 Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Voltage dependent sodium channel blocker Isolated from fish, algae, and bacteria In phase III: treatment of neuropathic pain in cancer patients by IM & SQ administration Phase II: peripheral pain Tectin 15 μg/ml TTX, in 2 ml ampoules

20 Other applications Fish omega 3 acid ethyl esters (Lovaza, omacor ) Carreglose Pseudopterosin A methyl ester (VM301) Anabasine Squalamine lactate (MSI-1256F)

21 Other applications Metabolic disease Fish omega 3 acid ethyl esters (Lovaza, omacor ) FDA approval in 2004: to treat hypertriglyceridemia Inhibits TG synthesizing enzymes: decrease synthesis & serum levels of TG Major constituents being ethyl esters of Eicosapentaenoic acid Decosahexanoic acid Much lower mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases in certain ethnic population such as native Alaskans Correlated with high polyunsaturated fatty acids diets content

22 Eicosapentaenoic acid Decosahexanoic acid

23 Carreglose Carrageenans Family of linear sulfated polysaccharides Red edible seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) Food industry: gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties Iota-carrageenan (Carreglose ) Marinomed Biotechnologie Antiviral nasal spray Protective physical anti-viral barrier in the nasal cavity

24

25 Pseudopterosin A methyl ester (VM301) Hemi synthetic derivative of pseudopterosin A Diterpene glycoside Pseudopterogorgia elizabethae Anti-inflammatory & wound healing properties Phase II clinical trial: increased reepithelization, and increased the wound healing process

26 Anabasine Toxic alkaloid Several nemertinean species Paranemertes peregrine Amphiporus lactifloreus DMXBA (GTS-21): synthetic derivative

27 Stimulates α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in neurons and astrocytes in CNS and in peripheral macrophages Improved cognition and sensory deficit in several animal models Neuroprotective effect in vitro & in vivo Anti-inflammatory activity mediated by α7 macrophage receptor Phase I & II of clinical trials: Significant cognitive improvement in healthy young adults and in schizophrenic patients Comentis Inc.

28 Squalamine lactate (MSI-1256F) Aminosterol with antibiotic activity Isolated from the stomach of the shark squalus acanthias Potent angiogenesis inhibitor Clinical trials for cancer Clinical trials of phase II & III: Wet age-related macular degeneration

29 Conclusion Brief history of marine natural products that originated medicine, or are in advanced clinical trials First discovered as toxins In the last 25 years: Increase in the number of bioactive natural products Many more medicines will be derived from marine natural products in the near future

30

ZOO4670/5670 Lecture No. 6. Neurotoxins as Tools for Studying Ion Channel Structure and Functions. Univ. Wyoming. Today s outline

ZOO4670/5670 Lecture No. 6. Neurotoxins as Tools for Studying Ion Channel Structure and Functions. Univ. Wyoming. Today s outline 1 ZOO4670/5670 Lecture No. 6 Neurotoxins as Tools for Studying Ion Channel Structure and Functions Qian-Quan Sun Ph.D (neuron@uwyo.edu) Univ. Wyoming Today s outline 1. Basics about channel block 2. Snake

More information

La Biodiversidad marina como fuente de nuevos agentes anticáncer

La Biodiversidad marina como fuente de nuevos agentes anticáncer La Biodiversidad marina como fuente de nuevos agentes anticáncer Marcelino Gutiérrez G. Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, IDICASAT, Panamá Segundo Simposio Iberoamericano de Investigación

More information

HSV DNA replication. Herpesvirus Latency. Latency and Chemotherapy. Human Herpesviruses - subtypes. Acyclovir (acycloguanosine) {Zovirax}

HSV DNA replication. Herpesvirus Latency. Latency and Chemotherapy. Human Herpesviruses - subtypes. Acyclovir (acycloguanosine) {Zovirax} Human Herpesviruses - subtypes Herpes Simplex I (HSVI) - herpes labialis (cold sores) herpes keratitis (eye infections) HSVII - herpes genitalis (genital herpes) Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) Chicken pox

More information

Synaptic transmission

Synaptic transmission Outline Synaptic transmission Sompol Tapechum M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. sisth@mahidol.ac.th 2 Structure of synapse Modes of synaptic

More information

Antiviral Drugs. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018

Antiviral Drugs. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018 Antiviral Drugs Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018 Viruses Viruses are the smallest infective agents, consisting of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed

More information

Multiple Mechanisms for Pain - How Can We Improve the Chances of Success?

Multiple Mechanisms for Pain - How Can We Improve the Chances of Success? Multiple Mechanisms for Pain - How Can We Improve the Chances of Success? Ann Hayes October 2017 What are the different types of pain? Neuropathic Diabetic neuropathy, PHN, sciatica Caused by damage to

More information

Outline. Neuron Structure. Week 4 - Nervous System. The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses

Outline. Neuron Structure. Week 4 - Nervous System. The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses Outline Week 4 - The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses Neurons Neuron structures Types of neurons Electrical activity of neurons Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization Synapses Release of

More information

Antiviral Drugs. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018

Antiviral Drugs. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018 Antiviral Drugs Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018 Viruses Viruses are the smallest infective agents, consisting of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed

More information

Antiviral Agents I. Tutorial 6

Antiviral Agents I. Tutorial 6 Antiviral Agents I Tutorial 6 Viruses, the smallest of pathogens, are unable to conduct metabolic processes on their own, they use the metabolic system of the infected cell to replicate ( intracellular

More information

1. Introduction. 1.1 Cancer

1. Introduction. 1.1 Cancer 1. INTRODUCTION 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Cancer Cancer is the second most leading cause of death Worldwide, next to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) 1. It is defined as the uncontrolled growth, spread and proliferation

More information

Productos naturales marinos como fuente de agentes anticáncer

Productos naturales marinos como fuente de agentes anticáncer Productos naturales marinos como fuente de agentes anticáncer Marcelino Gutiérrez G. Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, IDICASAT, Panamá Primer Simposio Iberoamericano de Investigación

More information

Function of the Nervous System

Function of the Nervous System Nervous System Function of the Nervous System Receive sensory information, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands to form a response Composed of neurons (functional unit of the nervous system)

More information

The chemical name of acyclovir, USP is 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6Hpurin-6-one; it has the following structural formula:

The chemical name of acyclovir, USP is 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6Hpurin-6-one; it has the following structural formula: Acyclovir Ointment, USP 5% DESCRIPTION Acyclovir, USP, is a synthetic nucleoside analogue active against herpes viruses. Acyclovir ointment, USP 5% is a formulation for topical administration. Each gram

More information

Structure of viruses

Structure of viruses Antiviral Drugs o Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. o lack both a cell wall and a cell membrane. o They do not carry out metabolic processes. o Viruses use much of the host s metabolic machinery.

More information

Drug Therapy of Parkinsonism. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia

Drug Therapy of Parkinsonism. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Drug Therapy of Parkinsonism Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Parkinsonism is a progressive neurological disorder of muscle movement, usually

More information

NEURAL TISSUE (NEUROPHYSIOLOGY) PART I (A): NEURONS & NEUROGLIA

NEURAL TISSUE (NEUROPHYSIOLOGY) PART I (A): NEURONS & NEUROGLIA PART I (A): NEURONS & NEUROGLIA Neural Tissue Contains 2 kinds of cells: neurons: cells that send and receive signals neuroglia (glial cells): cells that support and protect neurons Neuron Types Sensory

More information

H. An electrical signal travel down the dendrite.

H. An electrical signal travel down the dendrite. Nervous System Group Activity Objectives: To be able to describe the nervous system structure and function To understand how neurons communicate using both electrical and chemical signals To know how the

More information

- They come in all sizes. -- General Structure is similar.

- They come in all sizes. -- General Structure is similar. - They come in all sizes. -- General Structure is similar. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention. Influenza Prevention and Control. Influenza. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/flu/fluinfo.htm.

More information

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed;

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Mar. Drugs 2004, 2, 73-82 Marine Drugs ISS 1660-3397 www.mdpi.net/marinedrugs/ Review Drugs and Cosmetics from the Sea Anake Kijjoa 1,* and Pichan Sawangwong 2 1 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas

More information

Brian Kahan, D.O. FAAPMR, DABPM, DAOCRM, FIPP Center for Pain Medicine and Physiatric Rehabilitation 2002 Medical Parkway Suite 150 Annapolis, MD

Brian Kahan, D.O. FAAPMR, DABPM, DAOCRM, FIPP Center for Pain Medicine and Physiatric Rehabilitation 2002 Medical Parkway Suite 150 Annapolis, MD Brian Kahan, D.O. FAAPMR, DABPM, DAOCRM, FIPP Center for Pain Medicine and Physiatric Rehabilitation 2002 Medical Parkway Suite 150 Annapolis, MD 1630 Main Street Suite 215 Chester, MD 410-571-9000 www.4-no-pain.com

More information

Review of Neurochemistry What are neurotransmitters?

Review of Neurochemistry What are neurotransmitters? Review of Neurochemistry What are neurotransmitters? In molecular terms, neurotransmitters are molecules that ( ) and of neurons by, for example, increasing or decreasing enzymatic activity or altering

More information

ACIVIR DT Tablets (Aciclovir)

ACIVIR DT Tablets (Aciclovir) Published on: 29 Jan 2016 ACIVIR DT Tablets (Aciclovir) Composition ACIVIR-200 DT Each dispersible tablet contains Aciclovir, BP 200 mg (in a flavoured base) ACIVIR-400 DT Each dispersible tablet contains

More information

ZICONOTIDE (FORMERLY SNX-

ZICONOTIDE (FORMERLY SNX- ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Intrathecal in the Treatment of Refractory Pain in Patients With Cancer or AIDS A Randomized Controlled Trial Peter S. Staats, MD Thomas Yearwood, MD, PhD Steven G. Charapata, MD

More information

The New Types of Pharmacological and Other Treatments of Pain

The New Types of Pharmacological and Other Treatments of Pain The New Types of Pharmacological and Other Treatments of Pain Prof. Richard Rokyta MD, PhD, DSc, FCMA Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical

More information

Marine Natural Products and Related Compounds as Anticancer Agents: an Overview of their Clinical Status

Marine Natural Products and Related Compounds as Anticancer Agents: an Overview of their Clinical Status Send rders of Reprints at reprints@benthamscience.net Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2013, 13, 603-631 603 Marine atural Products and Related Compounds as Anticancer Agents: an verview of their

More information

The Nervous System. Chapter 4. Neuron 3/9/ Components of the Nervous System

The Nervous System. Chapter 4. Neuron 3/9/ Components of the Nervous System Chapter 4 The Nervous System 1. Components of the Nervous System a. Nerve cells (neurons) Analyze and transmit information Over 100 billion neurons in system Four defined regions Cell body Dendrites Axon

More information

Critical Review. Conotoxins as selective inhibitors of neuronal ion channels, receptors and transporters

Critical Review. Conotoxins as selective inhibitors of neuronal ion channels, receptors and transporters IUBMB Life, 56(2): 89 93, February 2004 Critical Review Conotoxins as selective inhibitors of neuronal ion channels, receptors and transporters Richard J. Lewis Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The

More information

Option D: Drugs and Medicines. Workbook

Option D: Drugs and Medicines. Workbook IB Chemistry SL/HL Option D: Drugs and Medicines D1. Pharmaceutical products Workbook 1. List three effects that drugs or medicines have on the functioning of the body. a) b) c) 2. What is meant by natural

More information

Evaluación de la toxicidad y del potencial bioactivo de afloramientos de cianobacterias bentónicas arrecifales del Caribe colombiano

Evaluación de la toxicidad y del potencial bioactivo de afloramientos de cianobacterias bentónicas arrecifales del Caribe colombiano Evaluación de la toxicidad y del potencial bioactivo de afloramientos de cianobacterias bentónicas arrecifales del Caribe colombiano Jairo Iván Quintana Bulla Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad

More information

Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology

Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology Chapter 4 Neuronal Physiology V edit. Pg. 99-131 VI edit. Pg. 85-113 VII edit. Pg. 87-113 Input Zone Dendrites and Cell body Nucleus Trigger Zone Axon hillock Conducting Zone Axon (may be from 1mm to more

More information

Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses

Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses M52_MARI0000_00_SE_EX03.qxd 8/22/11 2:47 PM Page 358 3 E X E R C I S E Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses Advance Preparation/Comments Consider doing a short introductory presentation with the following

More information

SPINE SECTION. Mark S. Wallace, MD,* Peter S. Kosek, MD, Peter Staats, MD, MBA, Robert Fisher, MD, David M. Schultz, MD, and Michael Leong, MD**

SPINE SECTION. Mark S. Wallace, MD,* Peter S. Kosek, MD, Peter Staats, MD, MBA, Robert Fisher, MD, David M. Schultz, MD, and Michael Leong, MD** Blackwell Publishing IncMalden, USAPMEPain Medicine1526-2375American Academy of Pain Medicine? 200793271281 Original ArticleAddition of Ziconotide to Intrathecal MorphineWallace et al. PAIN MEDICINE Volume

More information

Trifluridine Ophthalmic Solution, 1% Sterile

Trifluridine Ophthalmic Solution, 1% Sterile Trifluridine Ophthalmic Solution, 1% Sterile DESCRIPTION Trifluridine (also known as trifluorothymidine, F 3 TdR,F 3 T), is an antiviral drug for topical treatment of epithelial keratitis caused by herpes

More information

Synaptic Communication. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota

Synaptic Communication. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Synaptic Communication Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News The first exam is next week on Friday! Be sure to checkout the sample exam on the course website. 2

More information

2.2 Cell Construction

2.2 Cell Construction 2.2 Cell Construction Elemental composition of typical bacterial cell C 50%, O 20%, N 14%, H 8%, P 3%, S 1%, and others (K +, Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Cl -, vitamin) Molecular building blocks Lipids Carbohydrates

More information

Corporate Medical Policy

Corporate Medical Policy Corporate Medical Policy Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: intravenous_anesthetics_for_the_treatment_of_chronic_pain

More information

Nervous System. Master controlling and communicating system of the body. Secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters

Nervous System. Master controlling and communicating system of the body. Secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters Nervous System Master controlling and communicating system of the body Interacts with the endocrine system to control and coordinate the body s responses to changes in its environment, as well as growth,

More information

Parkinsonism or Parkinson s Disease I. Symptoms: Main disorder of movement. Named after, an English physician who described the then known, in 1817.

Parkinsonism or Parkinson s Disease I. Symptoms: Main disorder of movement. Named after, an English physician who described the then known, in 1817. Parkinsonism or Parkinson s Disease I. Symptoms: Main disorder of movement. Named after, an English physician who described the then known, in 1817. Four (4) hallmark clinical signs: 1) Tremor: (Note -

More information

Q: (picture of typical dendrite) What is the differential diagnosis and describe this entity? How would you treat and why?

Q: (picture of typical dendrite) What is the differential diagnosis and describe this entity? How would you treat and why? Q: (picture of typical dendrite) What is the differential diagnosis and describe this entity? How would you treat and why? Etiology/Risks: Critical symptoms: HSV is transmitted by direct contact of epidermis

More information

VIROPTIC Ophthalmic Solution, 1% Sterile (trifluridine ophthalmic solution)

VIROPTIC Ophthalmic Solution, 1% Sterile (trifluridine ophthalmic solution) VIROPTIC Ophthalmic Solution, 1% Sterile (trifluridine ophthalmic solution) PRODUCT OVERVIEW: VIROPTIC SOLUTION DESCRIPTION VIROPTIC is the brand name for trifluridine (also known as trifluorothymidine,

More information

Chapter Nervous Systems

Chapter Nervous Systems The Nervous System Chapter Nervous Systems Which animals have nervous systems? (Which do not) What are the basic components of a NS? What kind of fish performs brain operations? What differentiates one

More information

Chapter 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Chapter Outline

Chapter 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Chapter Outline Chapter 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Chapter Outline Module 11.1 Overview of the Nervous System (Figures 11.1-11.3) A. The nervous system controls our perception and experience

More information

*viruses have no cell wall and made up of nucleic acid components.

*viruses have no cell wall and made up of nucleic acid components. Anti-viral drugs {Please read these notes together with the slides since I only wrote what the doctor added} Apologies in advance for any mistakes In this sheet we are going to talk about anti-viral drugs,

More information

Nervous System Notes

Nervous System Notes Nervous System Notes The nervous system consists of a network of nerve cells or neurons. I. A nervous system is an important part of a cell s (or an organism s) ability to respond to the environment. A.

More information

Molecular building blocks

Molecular building blocks 2.22 Cell Construction Elemental l composition of ftypical lbacterial cell C 50%, O 20%, N 14%, H 8%, P 3%, S 1%, and others (K +, Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Cl -, vitamin) Molecular building blocks Lipids Carbohydrates

More information

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE BMP-218 November 4, 2014 DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is composed of two primary divisions: 1. CNS - Central Nervous System (Brain + Spinal Cord)

More information

Steps in viral replication (I)

Steps in viral replication (I) Antiviral agents Steps in viral replication (I) Recognition of the target cell Attachment Penetration Uncoating Macromolecular synthesis Assembly of virus Buddding of enveloped viruses Release of virus

More information

Vertigo. Tunde Magyar MD, PhD

Vertigo. Tunde Magyar MD, PhD Vertigo Tunde Magyar MD, PhD What could be reffered to as dizziness by the patient? Rotational vertigo Sense of instability Ataxia of gait Disturbance of vision Loss of contact with surroundings Nausea

More information

PSY 302 Lecture 6: The Neurotransmitters (continued) September 12, 2017 Notes by: Desiree Acetylcholine (ACh) CoA + Acetate Acetyl-CoA (mitochondria) (food, vinegar) + Choline ChAT CoA + ACh (lipids, foods)

More information

Comprehensive Treatment for Dyslipidemias. Eric L. Pacini, MD Oregon Cardiology 2012 Cardiovascular Symposium

Comprehensive Treatment for Dyslipidemias. Eric L. Pacini, MD Oregon Cardiology 2012 Cardiovascular Symposium Comprehensive Treatment for Dyslipidemias Eric L. Pacini, MD Oregon Cardiology 2012 Cardiovascular Symposium Primary Prevention 41 y/o healthy male No Medications Normal BP, Glucose and BMI Social History:

More information

PRODUCT INFORMATION H 2

PRODUCT INFORMATION H 2 PRODUCT IFORMATIO ZOVIRAX COLD SORE CREAM APPROVED AME: Aciclovir COMPOSITIO: Aciclovir 5% w/w. DESCRIPTIO: Aciclovir is a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside analogue. Its chemical name is 9-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)guanine.

More information

9/28/2016. Neuron. Multipolar Neuron. Astrocytes Exchange Materials With Neurons. Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system)

9/28/2016. Neuron. Multipolar Neuron. Astrocytes Exchange Materials With Neurons. Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system) Neuron Multipolar Neuron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw-psbnu5xago to :38 Glia or Glial Cells ( supporting cells of the nervous system) 10X more numerous than neurons but one-tenth the size make up

More information

What could be reffered to as dizziness by the patient?

What could be reffered to as dizziness by the patient? What could be reffered to as dizziness by the patient? Rotational vertigo Sense of instability Ataxia of gait Disturbance of vision Loss of contact with surroundings Nausea Loss of memory Loss of confidence

More information

Chapter 45: Synapses Transmission of Nerve Impulses Between Neurons. Chad Smurthwaite & Jordan Shellmire

Chapter 45: Synapses Transmission of Nerve Impulses Between Neurons. Chad Smurthwaite & Jordan Shellmire Chapter 45: Synapses Transmission of Nerve Impulses Between Neurons Chad Smurthwaite & Jordan Shellmire The Chemical Synapse The most common type of synapse used for signal transmission in the central

More information

Neurotransmitters. Chemical transmission of a nerve signal by neurotransmitters at a synapse

Neurotransmitters. Chemical transmission of a nerve signal by neurotransmitters at a synapse Neurotransmitters A chemical released by one neuron that affects another neuron or an effector organ (e.g., muscle, gland, blood vessel). Neurotransmitters are small molecules that serve as messengers

More information

What do we want for pain medications?

What do we want for pain medications? New Trends in Pain Pharmacotherapy Dr. Chi Wai Cheung MBBS(HK), FHKCA, FHKAM(Anaesthesiology), Dip Pain Mgt(HKCA) Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Anaesthesiology The University of Hong Kong

More information

NMDA-Receptor Antagonists and Opioid Receptor Interactions as Related to Analgesia and Tolerance

NMDA-Receptor Antagonists and Opioid Receptor Interactions as Related to Analgesia and Tolerance Vol. 19 No. 1(Suppl.) January 2000 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management S7 Proceedings Supplement NDMA-Receptor Antagonists: Evolving Role in Analgesia NMDA-Receptor Antagonists and Opioid Receptor Interactions

More information

Antiviral Agents DEPARTEMEN FARMAKOLOGI & TERAPEUTIK FK USU. 06 August

Antiviral Agents DEPARTEMEN FARMAKOLOGI & TERAPEUTIK FK USU. 06 August Antiviral Agents Dr. Yunita Sari Pane, MS DEPARTEMEN FARMAKOLOGI & TERAPEUTIK FK USU 06 August 2009 1 VIRUSES Obligate intracellular parasites Consist of a core genome in a protein shell and some are surrounded

More information

Halaven TM FDA Approval Press Conference Statement

Halaven TM FDA Approval Press Conference Statement Halaven TM FDA Approval Press Conference Statement Haruo Naito President Eisai Co., Ltd. at Tokyo Headquarters Auditorium November 16, 2010 It is with great pleasure that I inform you all here today that

More information

Contents. Contributors...xi. Preface...xv. 1 Configurations, Structures and Morphologies of Cellulose... 1

Contents. Contributors...xi. Preface...xv. 1 Configurations, Structures and Morphologies of Cellulose... 1 Contents Contributors...xi Preface...xv 1 Configurations, Structures and Morphologies of Cellulose... 1 1.1 Introduction... 1 1.2 Structure... 2 1.2.1 Molecular Structure... 2 1.2.2 Hydrogen Bonding...

More information

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. Erpizon Lyophilisate for solution for infusion 250 mg/vial Aciclovir

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. Erpizon Lyophilisate for solution for infusion 250 mg/vial Aciclovir PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Erpizon Lyophilisate for solution for infusion 250 mg/vial Aciclovir 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 1.1 Name: ERPIZON 250 mg/vial 1.2 Qualitative composition:

More information

BIOL Week 6. Nervous System. Transmission at Synapses

BIOL Week 6. Nervous System. Transmission at Synapses Collin County Community College BIOL 2401 Week 6 Nervous System 1 Transmission at Synapses Synapses are the site of communication between 2 or more neurons. It mediates the transfer of information and

More information

If you ve thought about a NON-NARCOTIC, it could be time to make a change. What is PRIALT? Important Safety Information

If you ve thought about a NON-NARCOTIC, it could be time to make a change. What is PRIALT? Important Safety Information Still looking for relief from severe chronic pain? If you ve thought about a NON-NARCOTIC, it could be time to make a change What is PRIALT? PRIALT (ziconotide) intrathecal infusion (25 mcg/ml, 100 mcg/ml)

More information

Omar Ismail. Dana Almanzalji. Faisal Mohammad

Omar Ismail. Dana Almanzalji. Faisal Mohammad 11 Omar Ismail Dana Almanzalji Faisal Mohammad Neuronal classification: Neurons are responsible for transmitting the action potential to the brain. The speed at which the action potential is transmitted

More information

Tablet Capsule shaped biconvex uncoated white to off-white tablets with 800 debossed on one side and ACV on the other side.

Tablet Capsule shaped biconvex uncoated white to off-white tablets with 800 debossed on one side and ACV on the other side. 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Aciclovir SUN 800 mg Tablets 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each 800 mg tablet contains 800mg Aciclovir. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1 3

More information

10.1: Introduction. Cell types in neural tissue: Neurons Neuroglial cells (also known as neuroglia, glia, and glial cells) Dendrites.

10.1: Introduction. Cell types in neural tissue: Neurons Neuroglial cells (also known as neuroglia, glia, and glial cells) Dendrites. 10.1: Introduction Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cell types in neural tissue: Neurons Neuroglial cells (also known as neuroglia, glia, and glial

More information

PHYSIOLOGY 2. The effect of Cl ions on neurological is not specified, especially in adults. However, some new studies show effects on infants.

PHYSIOLOGY 2. The effect of Cl ions on neurological is not specified, especially in adults. However, some new studies show effects on infants. PHYSIOLOGY 2 Effect of K Ions on the RMP INCREASED (Hyperkalemia):-hyperpolarized because of more incurrent K+, SO the RMP will be at new level further from the Threshold, so the probability to have an

More information

Marine actinobacteria: an important source of bioactive natural products

Marine actinobacteria: an important source of bioactive natural products Marine actinobacteria: an important source of bioactive natural products Presented by Akram Najafi Marine actinobacteria Actinobacteria are a group of Gram positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial (soil)

More information

ADVANCES IN MIGRAINE MANAGEMENT

ADVANCES IN MIGRAINE MANAGEMENT ADVANCES IN MIGRAINE MANAGEMENT Joanna Girard Katzman, M.D.MSPH Assistant Professor, Dept. of Neurology Project ECHO, Chronic Pain Program University of New Mexico Outline Migraine throughout the decades

More information

Section: Chapter 5: Multiple Choice. 1. The structure of synapses is best viewed with a(n):

Section: Chapter 5: Multiple Choice. 1. The structure of synapses is best viewed with a(n): Section: Chapter 5: Multiple Choice 1. The structure of synapses is best viewed with a(n): p.155 electron microscope. light microscope. confocal microscope. nissle-stained microscopic procedure. 2. Electron

More information

What are the 6 types of neuroglia and their functions?!

What are the 6 types of neuroglia and their functions?! Warm Up! Take out your 11C Notes What are the 6 types of neuroglia and their functions?! Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal Cells Satellite Cells Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Support, brace, & nutrient transfer

More information

MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: KETAMINE INFUSION THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROMES POLICY NUMBER: CATEGORY: Technology Assessment

MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: KETAMINE INFUSION THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROMES POLICY NUMBER: CATEGORY: Technology Assessment Clinical criteria used to make utilization review decisions are based on credible scientific evidence published in peer reviewed medical literature generally recognized by the medical community. Guidelines

More information

Antiviral Chemotherapy

Antiviral Chemotherapy Viruses are intimate intracellular parasites and their destruction may cause destruction of infected cells. Many virus infections were considered to be self-limited. Most of the damage to cells in virus

More information

Pharmacogenetics of Codeine. Lily Mulugeta, Pharm.D Office of Clinical Pharmacology Pediatric Group FDA

Pharmacogenetics of Codeine. Lily Mulugeta, Pharm.D Office of Clinical Pharmacology Pediatric Group FDA Pharmacogenetics of Codeine Lily Mulugeta, Pharm.D Office of Clinical Pharmacology Pediatric Group FDA 1 Codeine Overview Naturally occurring opium alkaloid Demethylated to morphine for analgesic effect

More information

NST110: Advanced Toxicology. Lecture 1: Principles of Toxicology

NST110: Advanced Toxicology. Lecture 1: Principles of Toxicology NST110: Advanced Toxicology Lecture 1: Principles of Toxicology Principles of Toxicity 1. Defining toxicology 2. History of toxicology 3. Dose response 4. Evaluating safety Toxicology Toxicology is the

More information

Meet the many faces of pain

Meet the many faces of pain Meet the many faces of pain WWW.PRIALT.COM N O W M E E T Ziconotide is a synthetic equivalent of a naturally occurring conopeptide. Distributed by Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (EPI). PRIALT is a registered

More information

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Homeostasis Strand

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Homeostasis Strand THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Homeostasis Strand Introduction In general, a nervous system has three overlapping functions : 1. Sensory input conduction of signals from sensory receptors to integration centres 2.

More information

Biol 219 Lec 12 Fall 2016

Biol 219 Lec 12 Fall 2016 Cell-to-Cell: Neurons Communicate at Synapses Electrical synapses pass electrical signals through gap junctions Signal can be bi-directional Synchronizes the activity of a network of cells Primarily in

More information

D90 (27/10/2005) Final SmPC NL/H/653/01

D90 (27/10/2005) Final SmPC NL/H/653/01 1/6 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MONOFREE DEXAMETHASON 1 mg/ml, eye drops, solution 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1 ml solution contains 1 mg of dexamethasone phosphate as dexamethasone

More information

LOVAZA (omega-3-acid ethyl esters) oral capsule VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) oral capsule

LOVAZA (omega-3-acid ethyl esters) oral capsule VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) oral capsule VASCEPA (icosapent ethyl) oral capsule Coverage for services, procedures, medical devices and drugs are dependent upon benefit eligibility as outlined in the member's specific benefit plan. This Pharmacy

More information

Option D: Medicinal chemistry

Option D: Medicinal chemistry Option D: Medicinal chemistry 15 /25 hours 156 Essential idea: Medicines and drugs have a variety of different effects on the functioning of the body. D.1 Pharmaceutical products and drug action Risks

More information

Class 5 the neurotransmitters (drugs)

Class 5 the neurotransmitters (drugs) Victoria September 7th 2017 Class 5 the neurotransmitters (drugs) psychopharmacology: study of the effects of a drug on behavior pharmacokinetics: study of the fate / movement of substances administered

More information

3) Most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the A) dendritic region. B) axon hillock. C) axon. D) cell body. E) axon terminals.

3) Most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the A) dendritic region. B) axon hillock. C) axon. D) cell body. E) axon terminals. Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Multiple-Choice Questions 1) A simple nervous system A) must include chemical senses, mechanoreception, and vision. B) includes a minimum of 12 ganglia. C) has

More information

Sample Questions BSC1010C Chapters 5-7

Sample Questions BSC1010C Chapters 5-7 Sample Questions BSC1010C Chapters 5-7 1. Which type of lipid is most important in biological membranes? a. oils b. fats c. wax d. phospholipids e. triglycerides 2. Which type of interaction stabilizes

More information

Chapter 7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Chapter 7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling Chapter 7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling 7.1. Overview of the Nervous System (Figure 7.1) 7.2. Cells of the Nervous System o Neurons are excitable cells which can generate action potentials o 90%

More information

Electrical Properties of Neurons. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota

Electrical Properties of Neurons. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Electrical Properties of Neurons Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Neuronal Communication Neurons communicate with other cells, often over long distances. The electrical

More information

ZOVIRAX ORAL FORMULATIONS GlaxoSmithKline

ZOVIRAX ORAL FORMULATIONS GlaxoSmithKline ZOVIRAX ORAL FORMULATIONS GlaxoSmithKline Aciclovir QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Tablets containing either 200 mg, 400 mg or 800 mg aciclovir; Dispersible tablets containing either 200 mg,

More information

Introduction to Pharmacology

Introduction to Pharmacology Introduction to Pharmacology 1 Definitions Drug: It is any chemical that affect living processes. It modifies an already existing function, and does not create a new function. 2 Pharmacology: Definitions

More information

Ch. 45 Continues (Have You Read Ch. 45 yet?) u Central Nervous System Synapses - Synaptic functions of neurons - Information transmission via nerve

Ch. 45 Continues (Have You Read Ch. 45 yet?) u Central Nervous System Synapses - Synaptic functions of neurons - Information transmission via nerve Ch. 45 Continues (Have You Read Ch. 45 yet?) u Central Nervous System Synapses - Synaptic functions of neurons - Information transmission via nerve impulses - Impulse may be blocked in its transmission

More information

number Done by Corrected by Doctor مالك الزحلف

number Done by Corrected by Doctor مالك الزحلف number 33 Done by Rawan Alkhabaz & Saja Alhijja Corrected by Doctor مالك الزحلف 1 In the previous lecture, we ve talked about second generation quinolone (ciprofloxacin) which is the drug of choice for

More information

Application note. Enabling purifications of fatty acids with Contichrom

Application note. Enabling purifications of fatty acids with Contichrom Application note Enabling purifications of fatty acids with Contichrom ChromaCon AG // Purification of fatty acids with Contichrom // www.chromacon.ch // ver. May 2013 1 Overview Fatty acids have broad

More information

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed.,

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry, and G. R. Mangun, Norton, 2002. Summarized by B.-W. Ku,

More information

BIOLOGY 12 NERVOUS SYSTEM PRACTICE

BIOLOGY 12 NERVOUS SYSTEM PRACTICE 1 Name: BIOLOGY 12 NERVOUS SYSTEM PRACTICE Date: 1) Identify structures X, Y and Z and give one function of each. 2) Which processes are involved in the movement of molecule Y from point X to point Z?

More information

Nutrition and Energy 1

Nutrition and Energy 1 Nutrition and Energy 1 Food Energy The ingestion of food serves two primary functions: 1. it provides a source of energy 2. it provides raw materials the animal is unable to manufacture for itself. 2 Basal

More information

B C. i) At what region(s) on the drawing above would you expect a high density of voltage-gated sodium channels?

B C. i) At what region(s) on the drawing above would you expect a high density of voltage-gated sodium channels? MIT Department of Biology 7.013: Introductory Biology - Spring 2005 Instructors: Professor Hazel Sive, Professor Tyler Jacks, Dr. Claudette Gardel 7.013 SECTION NEUROBIOLOGY 2 Part A ligand-gated sodium

More information

The pathophysiological mechanisms of ciguatera

The pathophysiological mechanisms of ciguatera The pathophysiological mechanisms of ciguatera DR IRINA VETTER UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE & SCHOOL OF PHARMACY I.VETTER@UQ.EDU.AU CENTRE FOR PAIN RESEARCH Brisbane, Queensland

More information

The action potential travels down both branches because each branch is a typical axon with voltage dependent Na + and K+ channels.

The action potential travels down both branches because each branch is a typical axon with voltage dependent Na + and K+ channels. BIO 360 - MIDTERM FALL 2018 This is an open book, open notes exam. PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME ON EACH SHEET. Read each question carefully and answer as well as you can. Point values are shown at the beginning

More information

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition

Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Chapter 2. The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, 2 nd Ed., M. S. Gazzaniga,, R. B. Ivry,, and G. R. Mangun,, Norton, 2002. Summarized by B.-W. Ku,

More information

Lipids and Membranes

Lipids and Membranes Lipids and Membranes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy Membrane transport D. Endocytosis and Exocytosis

More information