St. Brigid Catholic Academy AIM: Do-Now: What is a cell? Jot down what you remember from last year about cells: There are two types of cells:

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1 Name: St. Brigid Catholic Academy Date: Science AIM: Do-Now: What is a cell? Jot down what you remember from last year about cells: There are two types of cells: Below are two types of cells. What similarities do you notice between the two cells? What differences do you notice?

2 Cell-theory 1. How did the invention of the microscope affect scientists understanding of living things? 2. Explain the three main ideas of the cell theory. 3. How does a compound microscope use lenses to magnify an object? 4. Explain why both magnification and resolution are important when viewing a small object with a microscope. 5. Why do scientists learn more about cells each time the microscope is improved?

3 Organelles Tiny cell structures. Cell wall Rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. The cell wall is made of a tough, yet flexible, material called cellulose. Plant cells have cell walls. Shape cell like a box. Cell membrane All cells have cell membranes. Located just inside the cell wall in plant cells. Controls what substances come in and out of the cell. Nucleus Brain of the cell. Cell s control center. Directs all of the cell s activities. Endoplasmic reticulum Maze of passageways. Carry proteins and other materials from one part of a cell to another. Golgi body Mailroom of the cell. Receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and sends them to other parts of the cell. Release materials outside the cell. Vacuole Store food, water, wastes, and other materials. Most of the water in plant cells is stored in vacuoles.

4 Cytoplasm Area between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found. Chloroplasts In plant cells and some other organisms. Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell. Give plants their green color Mitochondria Rod-shaped structures. Powerhouse of the cell. Produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions Ribosomes Attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Some found floating around in cytoplasm. Release proteins. Lysosomes Chromatin Small, round structures. Clean up crew of the cell. Contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. Break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again. Thin strands floating directly ahead in the nucleus. Contain genetic material (instructions that direct the functions of a cell).

5 Organelles Small cell parts. Cell wall Hard layer of material around the cells of plants and some other organisms. The cell wall is made of a tough, yet flexible, material called cellulose. Plant cells have cell walls. Shape cell like a box. Cell membrane All cells have cell membranes. Window screen of the cell wall. Inside the cell wall in plant cells. Controls what things come in and out of the cell. Nucleus Brain of the cell. Cell s control center. Directs all of the cell s activities. Endoplasmic reticulum Maze of passageways. Carry proteins and other materials from one part of a cell to another. Golgi body Mailroom of the cell. Receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and sends them to other parts of the cell. Release materials outside the cell. Vacuole Store food, water, wastes, and other materials. Most of the water in plant cells is stored in vacuoles.

6 Cytoplasm Area between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found. Chloroplasts In plant cells and some other organisms. Use energy from sunlight and use it to make food for the cell. Makes plants green. Mitochondria Rod-shaped structures. Powerhouse of the cell. Make most of the energy the cell. Ribosomes On the endoplasmic reticulum. Some found in cytoplasm. Release proteins. Lysosomes Chromatin Small, round structures. Clean up crew of the cell. Contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. Break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again. Thin strands floating directly ahead in the nucleus. Contain genetic material (instructions that direct the functions of a cell).

7 Organelles Cytoplasm Cell wall Chloroplasts Cell membrane Mitochondria Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes Golgi body Chromatin Vacuole

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9 1. What is the function of the cell membrane? 2. Why is the nucleus sometimes called the control center of the cell? 3. Name two plant cell parts that are not found in animal cells. What is the function of each part? 4. How do the cells of bacteria differ from those of other organisms?

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