Hematology. Biochemistry. Price 1,299. S/d COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (INCL. SMEAR COMMENTS) S/d HAEMOGLOBIN. S/d MANUAL PCV. S/d

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4 Hematology COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (INCL. SMEAR COMMENTS) HAEMOGLOBIN MANUAL PCV ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR) BLOOD SMEAR EVALUATION BY PATHOLOGIST CROSS-MATCHING (UP TO 4 DONORS) IN SALINE AGGLUTINATION (ISA) CANINE DIRECT COOMBS TEST FELINE COOMBS TEST ERYTHROPOIETIN OCCULT BLOOD 7-10 Days 7-10 Days 7-10 Days 7-10 Days 1,299 6, 6, 1,999 5,199 1, Biochemistry ALBUMIN ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ALANINE TRANSAMINASE /SGPT (ALT) AMYLASE ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE /SGOT (ALT) BILIRUBIN CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE (TCO 2 ) CALCIUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL CREATINE KINASE / CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE (CK/CPK) CREATININE

5 Biochemistry continued ELECTROLYTES (NA, K, CL) FIBRINOGEN FRUCTOSAMINE GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE GLOBULIN (CALCULATED) GLUCOSE INORGANIC PHOSPHATE LACTATE LDH LIPASE MAGNESIUMSERUM OSMOLARITY TOTAL SERUM PROTEIN TOTAL CSF PROTEIN TRIGLYCERIDES UREA URIC ACID NH3 URINE PROT:CREAT RATIO TROPININ I ZINC (SERUM) CYCLOSPORIN COMPREHENSIVE DRUG SCREEN DIGOXIN POTASSIUM BROMIDE PT PTT PT/PTT 8-10 Days 1, ,799 2,399 5,899 4,499 3,299 20,199 4,299 5, 2,299 2,299 5

6 Biochemistry continued RBC CHOLINESTERASE 2,399 SERUM AMYLOID A (SAA) 2,799 SERUM BILE ACID POST SERUM BILE ACID PRE SERUM FOLATE 3,199 SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS 7,199 SERUM VITAMIN B12 3,199 BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE (BHBT) 1,199 BLOOD LEAD 3,799 SERUM CHOLINESTERASE 3,199 C-REACTIVE PROTEIN 3, IONIZED CALCIUM 1, IRON 1,499 NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS (NEFA - NEB ANALYSIS) CONTACT LAB 1,299 PHENOBARBITONE 3,899 Canine Profile CANINE MAJOR NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, AMYL, BUN, CREA, CA, 6,499 HEALTH PROFILE CHOL, GGT, GLOB, GLU, LIPA, PHOS, TBIL, TP CANINE MINOR NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CREA, 4, HEALTH PROFILE GLOB, GLU, TP 6

7 Canine Profile continued CANINE ANESTHETIC (OLDER NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CREA, 5,299 DOG) PROFILE GLOB, GLU, TP, CA CANINE GERIATRIC PROFILE NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CREA, 5,799 GLOB, GLU, TP, CA, CHOL CANINE HEPATIC PROFILE ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, GLOB, TP, GGT, TBIL, 7,999 CONJ BILI, CHOL, BILE ACID CANINE POLYDYPSIA SCREEN NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CREA, 6,899 GLOB, GLU, TP, CA, CHOL, FRUC, PHOS CANINE PRE-ANESTHETIC CREA, ALB 999 (YOUNGER DOG) PROFILE CANINE RENAL FAILURE NA, K, CL, BUN, CREA, CA, MG, PHOS 4, PROFILE CANINE CHRONIC RENAL NA, K, CL, BUN, CREA, PHOS, MANUAL PCV 4,199 FAILURE MONITORING CANINE THYROID/LIPID ALKP, ALT, CHOL, TRIGLYCERIDE, TOTAL T4 4, PROFILE CANINE VOMITING PROFILE Na, K, Cl, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CA, CHOL, CREA, 11,999 GGT, GLOB, GLU, PHOS, TBIL, TP, TRIG, BILE ACID, PANCREAS-SPECIFIC LIPASE CANINE NSAID THERAPY ALKP, ALT, AST, BUN, CREA 2,399 PROFILE CANINE WELLNESS SCREEN ALB, ALKP, ALT, AMYL, BUN, CREA, CA, CHOL, GGT, 4,999 GLOB, GLU, LIPA, PHOS, TBIL, TP 7

8 Canine Profile continued CANINE SEIZURE PROFILE Na, K, Cl, BUN, CREA, CA, TP, ALB, GLOB, ALT, ALKP, GLU, FBC, SERUM BILE ACID (PRE- OR POST-PRANDIAL/RANDOM) 8-10 Days 14,799 CANINE INTESTINAL PROFILE TP, ALB, GLOB, FBC, FAECAL,FLOTATION, VITAMIN B12, FOLATE,TLI 19,299 CANINE INFLAMMATION TP, ALB, PROTEIN, ELECTROPHORESIS, C-REACTIVE, PROFILE PROTEIN, FBC 14,199 CANINE CARDIAC probnp, CARDIAC TROPONIN I, K,CA, Na, MAG, BUN, CREA, 19,899 PROFILE ALB Feline Profile FELINE MAJOR NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CA, CHOL 6,299 HEALTH PROFILE CREA, GGT, GLU, GLOB, PHOS, TBIL, TP FELINE MINOR NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CREA, GLOB, 4, HEALTH PROFILE GLU, TP FELINE THYROID PROFILE ALT, ALKP, BUN, CREA, TOTAL T4 4, FELINE VOMITING PROFILE NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CA, CHOL CREA, GGT, GLU, GLOB, PHOS, TBIL, TRIG, 11,999 BILE ACID, PANCREATIC LIPASE FELINE WELLNESS SCREEN ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CA, CHOL CREA, GGT, 4,799 FELINE VIRAL SCREEN GLU, GLOB, PHOS, TBIL,TP FIV/FeLV COMBO, CORONA TITRE 8,399 FIP SCREEN BUN, CREA, TP, ALB, GLOB, ALT, GGT, CORONA TITRE, 8,999 FELINE CARDIAC PROFILE probnp, Na, K, BUN, CREA, CA, PHOS, TOTAL T4 14,899 8

9 EQUINE FITNESS PROFILE AST, GGT, CK, TBIL, TCO 2 3,499 EQUINE GENERAL HEALTH NA, K, CL, ALB, ALKP, AST, BUN, CA, CK, CREA, PROFILE GGT, GLOB, GLU, LDH, TBIL, TP, LAC, PHOS, 8, EQUINE WELLNESS SCREEN TCO 2 ALB, ALKP, AST, BUN, CA, CK, CREA,GGT, GLOB, GLU, LDH, TBIL,TP 4,799 EQUINE INFLAMMATION SERUM AMYLOID A, FIBRINOGEN, PROTEIN 13,299 PROFILE ELECTROPHORESIS, FBC 8-10 Days Ruminants Profile DOWNER COW PROFILE Na, K, Cl, PHOS, CA, MAGTP, UA Na, K, Cl, CA, PHOS, MAG, TP, ALB, CHOL, BUN, 6,299 RUMINANT METABOLIC PROFILE CREA, GLU, BETAHYDROXYBUTYRATE, NON- ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS 11,399 Avian / Reptile / Fish Profile AVIAN/REPTILE GENERAL NA, K, CL, ALB, AST, CA, CK, GLOB, GLU, 6,299 HEALTH PROFILE PHOS, TP, UA FISH GENERAL HEALTH PROFILE NA, K, CL, ALB, AST, CK, GLOB, TP 3,899 General Profiles SMALL ANIMAL PRE ANESTHETIC ALB, ALKP, ALT, BUN, CREA, GLOB, GLU, TP WELLNESS SCREEN 2,999 9

10 SNAP* Tests SNAP BILE ACIDS SNAP CPL SNAP FPL SNAP FELINE COMBO SNAP 4DX SNAP HEARTWORM SNAP LEISHMANIA SNAP PARVO SNAP GIARDIA SNAP FOAL IgG (available in 2016) SNAP FELV SNAP FELINE ProBNP (available in 2016) 2,799 2,799 1, 1, ,199 2,199 4,199 9,99 2,199 Microbiology and Parasitology URINALYSIS EXCL. CULTURE URINALYSIS INCL. CULTURE FEACAL ANALYSIS FEACAL CULTURE BLOOD CULTURE CERVICAL SWAB CULTURE PUS/BODY FLUID CULTURE JOINT FLUID CULTURE EQUINE PRE BREEDING CULTURE EAR SWAB CULTURE 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 499 2, ,499 5,899 2,499 2,499 2,499 2,499 2,499 10

11 Microbiology and Parasitology continued SKIN SCRAPPING (KOH MOUNT) ABORTED FETUS MICROBIOLOGY CRYPTOCOCCUS ANTIGEN TEST CRYPTOSPORIDIUM DIRECT SMEAR FUNGAL CULTURE & ANTIBIOGRAM FUNGAL SENSITIVITY SHEATHWASH (CAMPYLOBACTER & TRICHOMONAS) SHEATHWASH (CAMPYLOBACTER) 2 Days 999 8, 2,199 3,899 6, 2,.99 3,899 2,499 SHEATHWASH (TRICHOMONAS) 2,499 DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CARRIERS 1, SPECIAL STAIN (PER STAIN) FOR BACTERIOLOGY Call Lab 999 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION FOR FATS/PROTEINS/CARBOHYDRATE TRYPSIN ACTIVITY URINE CALCULUS BLADDER STONE/S URINE CORTISOL URINE CORTISOL: CREATININE RATIO URINE OSMOLARITY URINE POTASSIUM FRACTIONAL CLEARANCE URINE SODIUM FRACTIONAL CLEARANCE 3,199 2, 7,199 3, 6,499 2,199 5,899 5,899 URINE SPECIALIST COMMENT 5,899 11

12 Histopathology/Cytology FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATES (SAMPLED BY VETERINARIAN) URINE/FAECAL CYTOLOGY BODY FLUID/WASHES ANALYSIS (SMEAR) BODY FLUID/WASHES ANALYSIS (SMEAR PLUS COULTER) BIOPSY SMALL EXCISIONAL (PER BIOPSY) BIOPSY LARGE EXCISIONAL OR SMALL NECROPSY SAMPLE (PER ANIMAL) BIOPSY MEDIUM NECROPSY SAMPLE (PER ANIMAL) BIOPSY LARGE NECROPSY SAMPLE (PER ANIMAL) BONE MARROW EVALUATION + B/S BRONCHO-ALVEOLAR LAVAGE (INCL. CULTURE)* CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS (CSF) BVD EAR NOTCH IMP PER SPECIMEN (> 100) FORMALIN BVD EAR NOTCH IMP PER SPECIMEN (5-10) FORMALIN BVD EAR NOTCH IMP PER SPECIMEN (51-100) FORMALIN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY/ TUMOUR MARKERS 2-3 Days 2-3 Days 2-3 Days 2-3 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 3-5 Days 2-3 Days 2, 2,899 2,899 3,499 2,499 4,499 6,999 9,999 7,199 8,399 7,199 1, , Necropsy NECROPSY (ADULT HORSE) NECROPSY 1,299 (DONKEY) NECROPSY (ADULT DOMESTIC BOVINE) NECROPSY (PIG) NECROPSY (KIDS, LAMBS, PIGLETS, PUPPIES, KITTENS AND RABBITS) 1,499 1,799 1,499 1,199 12

13 Necropsy continued NECROPSY (OTHER LABORATORY ANIMALS) NECROPSY (VERY LARGE WILDLIFE - 1,199 14,199 ELEPHANTS, GIRAFFES, RHINOS, ETC.) NECROPSY (LARGE WILDLIFE - HIPPOS, BUFFALOS, ELAND, ETC.) NECROPSY (MEDIUM WILDLIFE - LIONS, 12,299 CHEETAHS, TIGERS, LEOPARDS, WILDEBEEST, KONGONI, ETC.) NECROPSY (SMALL WILDLIFE - ANTELOPES, GAXELLES, FOXES, WOLVES, ETC.) NECROPSY (OTHER WILDLIFE) NECROPSY (REPTILES) NECROPSY (EXOTIC BIRDS - OSTRICHES, 8,799 8,799 8,799 3, 3, FLAMINGOES, PEACOCKS, ETC.) NECROPSY (CAPTIVE PET BIRDS - PARROTS, 3, ETC.) NECROPSY (DOMESTICATED WILD BIRDS - 3, PHEASANTS, ETC.) NECROPSY (TURKEYS, GUINEA FOWLS AND 1,499 QUAILS) NECROPSY (CHICKENS, DUCKS, GEESE) NECROPSY (FISH) CARCASS DISPOSAL COSMETIC POSTMORTEM (ADDITIONAL 899 1, CHARGE TO NECROPSY CHARGE) ABORTION - BASIC FOETUS AND PLACENTA

14 17-B-OESTRADIOL 17-Α-HYDROXY-PROGESTERONE ACTH STIMULATION TEST CANINE TOTAL T4 (KT4) TOTAL T4 (FELINE OR EQUINE) CORTISOL BASAL DEXAMETH SUPPRESSION TEST (0, 4 & 8 HR) (HIGH DOSE) DEXAMETH SUPPRESSION TEST (0, 4 & 8 HR) (LOW DOSE) FREE T3 FREE T4 INSULIN PROGESTERONE TESTOSTERONE (ALL SPECIES) CTSH CTSH REFLEX TEST FOR CATALYST T4 (SUPPLY RESULTS) TLI (TRYPSIN-LIKE IMMUNOASSAY) S/D S/D S/D S/D S/D S/D ,199 3,199 6,199 2,499 2,499 3,199 9,199 9,199 3,899 4,299 4, 2, 7, 5,999 3,899 6, AVIAN ENCEPHELOMYELITIS AB (AE) AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS VIRUS AB (AHS) ANTINUCLEAR AB TEST (ANA) ANAPLASMA (1-19 SAMPLES) ANAPLASMA ELISA HERD - ANAPLASMOSIS (MIN 20+ SAMPLES) ART ELISA AVIAN ADENOVIRUS GROUP 1 ELISA 1,299 1,299 4,299 1, 1,299 1,

15 AVIAN INFLUENZA A VIRUSES ELISA AVIAN INFLUENZA H5 (HI) AVIAN INFLUENZA H7 (HI) AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS ELISA AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS AB ELISA AVIAN REO VIRUS AB TESTS BABESIA GIBSONI EXPORT BLUE TONGUE AB ELISA (1-5 SAMPLES) BOVINE LEUCOSIS VIRUS (BLV) I-ELIZA BOVINE PREGNANCY ELISA (1-9 SAMPLES) BOVINE PREGNANCY ELISA (10+ SAMPLES) BRUCELLA AB TEST (1-4 SAMPLES) BRUCELLA AB TEST (5+ SAMPLES) BRUCELLA CANIS EXPORT (TUBE AGGLUTINATION TEST) BRUCELLA ABORTUS CFT (BOVINE) BRUCELLA MELLITENSIS CFT (ALL SPECIES) BRUCELLA OVIS CFT (EXPORT) BRUCELLA RBT & SAT (BOVINE) BRUCELLA RBT (BOVINE) BRUCELLA ABORTUS MRT (BOVINE) BUFFALO TEST PACKAGE BOVINE HERPES VIRUS 1 ELISA BVD (BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHOEA) AG BVD AB (BLOCKING ELISA) BVD AG (CAPTURING ELISA) BVD ANTIBODY (1-4 SAMPLES) BVD ANTIBODY (5+ SAMPLES) 3, ,299 3,799 3, , 1,399 5, ,499 4,999 3, 5,199 5,899 1,399

16 Serology continued BWD SALMONELLA (AG) PLATE TEST (30ML) CANINE CPLI (QUANTITATIVE) CANINE HERPES VIRUS AB TITRE CANINE PANCREATITITIS CPLI (SEMI-QUANTITATIVE) CARDIOPET PROBNP (CANINE) CARDIOPET PROBNP (FELINE) CHICKEN ANAEMIA VIRUS AB (CAV) CEM CFT (CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS) CHLAMYDIA (INDIRECT ELISA) CHLAMYDOPHILA AB (CANINE, FELINE, SHEEP/GOATS) CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER AB ELISA (HOGS CHOLERA) CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER ELIZA (COMPETITIVE AB ELISA) CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM CLOSTRIDIUM SORDELLII DIROFILARIA IMMITIS AG TEST (EXPORT) DISTEMPER CSF IGG ANTIBODY DISTEMPER IGG ANTIBODY DISTEMPER IGM ANTIBODY DOURINE CFT (EQUIDS & NON-EQUIDS) EGG DROP SYNDROME AB TEST (ELISA) EHRLICHIA CANIS IGG (EXPORT - 1:40) EHRLICHIA CANIS IGG ANTIBODY EHRLICHIA CANIS IGM ANTIBODY ENZOONOTIC BOVINE LEUCOSE SERUM (EBL SCREENING) 10,399 3,399 5,399 10,399 10, ,799 3,299 1,399 3,199 4,999 4,999 4,999 4,999 9,399 1, ,899 1, 16

17 Serology continued EQUINE ENCEPHALOSIS AB I-ELISA EQUINE HERPES VIRUS 1 EQUINE HERPES VIRUS 4 "EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS: T. EQUI (SEROLOGY) & B. CABALLI (IFAT)" EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS: T. EQUI (IFAT) EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS: B. CABALLI (IFAT) EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS NEUTRALIZATION TEST (1-5 SAMPLES) FELINE CALICI VIRUS ANTIBODY FELINE CORONA VIRUS ANTIBODY FELINE CORONA VIRUS ANTIGEN FELINE FPLI (QUANTITATIVE) FELINE HERPES VIRUS AB FELINE PANCREATITITIS FPLI (SEMI-QUANTITATIVE) FELINE PANLEUKOPOENIA VIRUS AB FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE ELISA EXPORT (SAT 1, 2 & 3) FOWL LARYNGOTRACHEITIS AB ELIZA GIARDIA RAPID TEST (SNAP) INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (5+ SAMPLES) INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS AB (1-4 SAMPLES) INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS AB (I-ELISA) INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS AB TEST INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE ANTIBODY LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS AB TEST LEISHMANIA SPP. IFAT LEPTOSPIROSIS CANINE MAT (SLIDE AGGLUTINATION) LEPTOSPIROSIS OTHER MAT (SLIDE AGGLUTINATION) LUMPY SKIN DISEASE NEUTRALIZATION TEST (1-5 SAMPLES) MS/MG AB ELISA 1,199 6,199 6,199 5, 2,899 2,899 5,899 4,199 10,399 5,399 12, 1,299 2,199 1,399 5, 1, ,499 10, 4,299 1,499 5,

18 Serology continued MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM ELIZA AB MYCOPLASMA HYPONEUMONIAE AB ELIZA MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE AB TEST NEOSPORA AB (ELIZA METHOD) NEOSPORA ANTIBODY (IFA) (CANINE/OTHER SPECIES) NEOSPORA IGG (CANINE) (1: 50) NEOSPORA IGM (CANINE) (1: 50) NEWCASTLE DISEASE AB TEST (IDEXX ELISA) PARVO RAPID TEST (SNAP) PORCINE RESPIRATORY & REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME (AB) PARAINFLUENZA 3 AB RABIES NEUTRALIZATION TEST EXPORT RHEUMATOID FACTOR ANTIBODY RIFT VALLEY FEVER (RVF) IGG RIFT VALLEY FEVER (RVF) IGM RIFT VALLEY FEVER DOUBLE-AG ELISA SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS AB TEST THEILERIOSIS (FOR TRANSPORT/IMPORT PURPOSES) CANINE TOXOPLASMOSIS CSF IGG (1:20) CANINE TOXOPLASMOSIS IGG/IGM AB (1: 50) WEST NILE VIRUS AB (BLOCKING ELISA) 799 1, ,899 1,999 1,299 18,799 4,299 1,299 1,299 3,899 1,199 35,299 3, 5,199 4,299 Molecular continued AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS VIRUS PCR AVIAN DNA SEXING PCR ALL AVIAN A GROUP VIRUSES PCR AVIAN INFLUENZA H5 AND H7 SUBGROUPS 4,899 1,399 4,199 5,799 18

19 Molecular continued AVIAN INFLUENZA H5 SUBGROUPS AVIAN INFLUENZA H7 SUBGROUPS AVIAN POLYMAVIRUS PCR AVIAN REO VIRUS PCR BLUE TONGUE VIRUS PCR BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS PCR BOVINE HERPES 1 PCR BOVINE MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER VIRUS PCR (ID OF WILDEBEEST AND SHEEP ASSOCIATED FORMS) BOVINE MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER VIRUS PCR (ID OF SHEEP ASSOCIATED FORMS) BOVINE MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER VIRUS PCR (ID OF WILDEBEEST ASSOCIATED FORMS) BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHOEA PCR C. PERFRINGENS PCR CANINE ADENOVIRUS PCR CANINE BABESIA SPP PCR CANINE DISTEMPER PCR CANINE HERPES VIRUS PCR CANINE PARVOVIRUS PCR CHLAMYDIA PCR CHLAMYDOPHILA FELIS PCR CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI PCR (AVIAN) CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI PCR (FELINE) EHRLICHIA CANIS PCR EQUINE ENCEPHALOSIS VIRUS PCR EQUINE HERPES VIRUS (1&4) PCR FELINE CALICI VIRUS PCR FELINE CORONA VIRUS PCR FELINE HERPES VIRUS PCR

20 Molecular continued FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (FIV) PCR FELINE LEUKAEMIA VIRUS (FELV) PCR FELINE PANLEUKOPOENIA VIRUS PCR FELINE PARVO VIRUS PCR KOI HERPES PCR LEPTOSPIRA SPP PCR MDR1 PCR MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM PCR MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE PCR

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22 The Quality and Accuracy of results are very important to everyone at Pathologists Lancet Kenya Tips for obtaining high quality samples: Choose the correct sample and container Improper choice of a collection vial can adversely affect results. Did You Know? Using a serum separator tube (SST) is an easy way to collect a good serum sample for chemistry panels. However, for certain specialised tests, such as many endocrinology and drug tests, the gel in SSTs can interfere with results. Did You Know? Whole blood EDTA samples start to degrade as soon as the blood is outside of the animal. To preserve cell morphology, include air-dried, unstained blood slides along with the purple top tube. Slides should also be included with samples submitted for uid analysis for accurate cytologic interpretation. Blood smears made at the time of blood collection help avoid platelet clumping problems and allows more accurate platelet interpretation. Did You Know? Including slides with your CBCs can aid in pathologist reviews of unusual cells, and with the identi cation of red blood cell parasites. Use proper techniques Filling syringes: When lling syringes, aim for a good free owing stick from the largest accessible vein. Slow draws and dif cult sticks can rupture red cells, adversely affecting CBC results and certain chemistries. The longer the blood stays in the syringe, the greater the risk of clumped platelets and clots that degrade test results. Filling vacutainer tubes: If the blood clots in the syringe, do not force it into the vacutainer tubes. Forcing clotted blood into vacutainers will result in lysed red blood cells and cause inaccurate results. Always ll the tubes without additives rst. This prevents carry-over of tube additives. For example, if you are lling an EDTA tube and a serum separator tube, always ll the SST rst. Even a small amount of EDTA can interfere with many chemistry results. Fill purple top (EDTA) or blue top (citrate) tubes precisely. Over lling and under- lling tubes causes the wrong ratio of additives. Excess EDTA in an under- lled tube will give inaccurate CBC results. Over lling the EDTA tube may cause the sample to clot. To ensure the correct volume of blood, allow the vacuum of the tube to pull the blood out of the syringe without additional force. Centrifuging: Make sure samples are fully clotted before tubes are centrifuged. Note that some samples may take longer to clot than others. Did You Know? In tests that require serum, it is important to collect and centrifuge the sample properly. If a tube is spun too soon after drawing the blood, you will send plasma to the laboratory and not serum. 22

23 Visual Comparison Satisfactory Samples clotted during blood draw may result in Platelet clumps Falsely decreased cell counts (platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells) Haemolysis (when forcing blood into tube) Excess anticoagulant (under- lled tube) may result in Decreased RBC count and HCT due to dilution Altered cell morphology Inaccurate MCV, MCH, MCHC and HGB Falsely prolonged clotting times EDTA contamination may cause Slightly Haemolysed Moderatley Haemolysed Haemolysed 1+ Falsely decreased calcium Falsely increased potassium Haemolysed 2+ Interference with many specialised tests Haemolysed 3+ Haemolysed 4+ Handling infectious substances Infectious substances pose a danger to all who handle them, from the sampler, to the of ce staff of the veterinarian, and then whilst in the hands of the courier, post of ce or other transport to the laboratory, followed by the personnel opening samples and the technicians ultimately handling the sample. Not all in this long chain of custody are trained to handle infectious substances correctly. International regulations for packaging should be followed. In short, the sample should be placed in a sturdy leak proof container and packaged in another leak proof container, together with suf cient absorbent material to soak up all the liquid, in case of spillage. The forms and other documents should be in a separate plastic bag to protect them.please mark the outer container if potential zoonotic and other dangerous samples are being sent. Avoid Placing samples in plastic bags, latex gloves or other unsuitable containers. Sending entire organs. A properly selected portion of an organ from the size of a pea to a ngertip is ample. Combining samples such as swabbing both ears with one swab or putting a number of different organs in one container. 23

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25 Cytology Accurate results depend on quality specimens. Please follow these guidelines: Perform sampling by ne-needle aspiration or non-aspiration biopsy, scrapings or imprints. Prepare slides in-clinic using either a squash preparation or bloodsmear technique. Call if you have questions about slide preparation. Stain at least one representative slide to ensure adequate cell density and preservation. Please DO NOT submit syringes with needles. Patient history and clinical ndings contribute to an accurate result. On containers and slides, please write: Patient s name Site/Source On the requisition form, include: Patient signalment (owner s name, patient s name, age, sex, species, breed, etc.) Reference to any previous laboratory results (CBC, biochemistry pro le, prior cytology/histology or serology) be sure to include our laboratory reference numbers Gross lesion description Speci c anatomic location (e.g., cutaneous, subcutaneous, deep tissue, intra-thoracic, intra-abdominal) Size, shape, consistency, symmetry, de nition of borders Clinical history duration of lesion, progression of lesion, treatment and response to therapy Radiographic and ultrasonographic ndings Did You Know? If you have speci c questions you would like answered, you can put these on the requisition form. When submitting aspirates and impressions: Submit one to three air-dried slides, preferably at least one unstained slide Store at room temperature and protect from temperature extremes Protect from moisture and insects DO NOT spray with hairspray or other xatives DO NOT expose to formalin fumes DO NOT ship slides for cytology in the same bag as a formalincontaining biopsy jar. When submitting uids and washes: Enclose unaltered uid in a Plain Tube (brown topped tube), EDTA Tube (purple topped tube), along with air-dried slides. Prepare slides immediately to preserve cytomorphology (most uids are stable for only a few hours at room temperature). Fluid in EDTA tube with slides is the recommended specimen for cytologic evaluation, especially of cellular or bloody specimens. If a culture is required, submit additional uid in a sterile brown top container. DO NOT submit uids in a red topped tube (SST), in a syringe, or as cover-slipped and wet preparations. Submission of uid in a SST (red topped tube) can interfere with accurate cytologic evaluation due to presence of closing activators. 25

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29 Sample Pick-up Courier Service At Pathologists Lancet Kenya we have a reliable and effective courier transport with each courier having a de ned route. Each courier is tasked with collection of samples and report delivery to our clients at their designated routes at no extra charges. Our couriers are always on call and have a have a high responsive time-from-call. Currently at Pathologists Lancet Kenya we have couriers in all our coverage areas while in some busy areas we have more couriers coverage to improve the TAT 29

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