Science Home Learning Task. Year 9. GCSE Keeping healthy

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1 Science Home Learning Task Year 9 GCSE Keeping healthy Name Tutor Group Teacher Given out: Monday 18 April Hand in: Monday 25 April Parent/Carer Comment Staff Comment Target

2 Investigating science Welcome to your Science homework booklet. This booklet is designed to give you some extra practise on the key areas in Biology Unit 1, the keeping healthy section of the GCSE course. You need to carry out tasks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Then to assess your knowledge of the topic why not try task 6 this task is optional. Complete the topic evaluation page at the end to find out what you do well and what you need help with. Don t forget to fill in the last page and ask a parent/carer to sign the box on the front.

3 TASK 1- Multiple choice quiz Try the multiple choice quiz below. Tick the correct option from those below. 1. Ignaz Semmelweiss was a doctor in the mid-1850s. Many women at the time died in hospital of childbed fever shortly after giving birth. What did Semmelweiss do to reduce the number of deaths from childbed fever? He vaccinated the women against the bacterium that caused childbed fever. He gave the women antibiotics. He made all the doctors wash their hands before delivering babies. He made all doctors and nurses wear masks when attending to their patients. 2. Many people are vaccinated against the flu virus. Why do they have to be vaccinated every year to maintain immunity against the flu virus? The flu virus mutates frequently. Vaccines against viral infections are not as effective as those against bacterial infections. The white blood cells quickly lose the ability to produce antibodies. The flu virus develops resistance to antibiotics. 3. Which organisms cause infectious disease? antibodies antibiotics toxins pathogens

4. What term is used to describe the rate at which chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out? metabolic rate breathing rate reaction time heart rate 5.

4 4. What term is used to describe the rate at which chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out? metabolic rate breathing rate reaction time heart rate 5. Some disease-causing organisms can be killed by drugs called antibiotics. What type of organisms can antibiotics kill? Both bacteria and viruses. Bacteria only. Viruses only. Neither bacteria nor viruses. 6. Body mass index (BMI) gives an indication of how obese a person is. A person s BMI is calculated using the formula below: The table shows the relationship between BMI and obesity:

5 Which obesity group would a 1.8 m tall adult, with a body mass of 63 kg, fall into? underweight obese normal overweight 7. The diagram below shows four different antibiotics, P, Q, R and S, put onto paper discs and then put onto Staphylococcus bacteria growing in a Petri dish. The dishes were left for 48 hours. Which antibiotic was the most successful at killing Staphylococcus bacteria? P Q R S 8. How do vaccines make a person immune to a disease? They stimulate the body to produce antitoxins. They stimulate the body to produce antigens.

They stimulate the body to produce antibodies. They stimulate the body to produce antibiotics. 9. What process can lead to an increase in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

6 They stimulate the body to produce antibodies. They stimulate the body to produce antibiotics. 9. What process can lead to an increase in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? genetic engineering natural selection mutation asexual reproduction 10. The table shows the energy content and some nutrients in equal sized portions of four types of soup. Which soup is the best for someone who is trying to lose weight? red pepper soup pea and mint soup tomato soup sweetcorn soup

7 TASK 2 Healthy diet Answer the questions below about a healthy diet. 1. Seven nutrients are needed for a healthy diet. Write down the seven nutrients and what they are needed for in the body. Some of the answers have been added for you. Nutrient Needed for Insulation and energy Carbohydrates Needed in small amounts to keep the body healthy Water What is meant by a balanced diet?

8 2. What is meant by the metabolic rate? Name one factor that can increase the metabolic rate. 3. When too much energy is eaten in the diet it can lead to what? Write down three problems linked to being overweight. 4. What is cholesterol? What organ is responsible for controlling cholesterol levels? What else can help to lower cholesterol levels?

9 Why do some people have a naturally high cholesterol level? 5. What causes a deficiency disease? Name a deficiency disease and how it affects the body. 6. Describe how and why the diet of a pregnant woman, a builder and an 80 year old is different. Hint: think energy.

10 TASK 3 Pathogens and disease 1. What is a pathogen? Name two types of pathogen. 2. Our immune system helps us to fight off infection. Write down three ways that our white blood cells help to do this. Add diagrams to help with your descriptions.

11 3. Antibiotics can also be used to fight pathogens. Who discovered antibiotics? Antibiotics will only kill one type of pathogen. Is this statement correct? Explain your answer. Why is it not a good idea for doctors to give antibiotics for a sore throat? Explain how pathogens can become resistant to antibiotics.

12 4. Scientists grow bacteria in a laboratory so that they can study them. Describe below how they would make a culture of bacteria on agar jelly. Why is it important to only partially seal the lid of the petri dish? If you grow a culture of bacteria in a school laboratory you need to grow them at a particular temperature. What is this temperature and why is it used?

13 5. Vaccines can also be used to help fight infections. What is used to make a vaccine? How does a vaccine work? Why are vaccines made for certain diseases but not others? 6. Explain the terms epidemic and pandemic.

14 TASK 4 Six-mark question The six-mark question is a long-answer question designed to test your knowledge about a topic and your writing skills. Answer the question below on the space underneath. In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Pathogens can cause disease in man. Describe the defence mechanisms that our bodies have to try and eliminate these pathogens. Plan your six-mark answer here.

15 TASK 4 continued Write your six-mark answer in the space below.

TASK 5 Exam paper questions 1. Scientists measured the amount of energy used by four people, A, B, C and D. The scientists also measured the amount of energy taken in as food by each person.

16 TASK 5 Exam paper questions 1. Scientists measured the amount of energy used by four people, A, B, C and D. The scientists also measured the amount of energy taken in as food by each person. The chart shows the scientists results. a) What was the mean amount of energy used by D?...kJ per day (1 mark) b) The amount of energy used by D is different from the amounts of energy used by A, B and C. Suggest two reasons why. (2 marks)

17 c) The data in the bar chart was collected over twelve months. Which person, A, B, C or D, would gain body mass over the twelve months? Give a reason for your answer (2 marks) d) In the UK many people are obese. Doctors advise obese people to lose mass. Suggest two different ways an obese person could lose mass.... (2 marks) 2. In the 1800s, many women died from disease after giving birth. Dr Semmelweis compared the death rates of women in two hospital wards, Ward A and Ward B. Table 1 shows some of the results. Percentage of women who died Year Ward A Ward B Before 1840 Doctors and nurses worked in Ward A and in Ward B. The doctors often worked in other wards with patients who had diseases.

18 The doctors did not wash their hands. After 1840 Doctors only worked in Ward A and not in Ward B. Only nurses worked in Ward B. The nurses did not work in other wards with patients who had diseases. a) Look at the data for Ward A and Ward B after Describe the effect on death rate of having only nurses working in Ward B and not doctors. To gain full marks you must refer to the data in Table 1. (2 marks) b) Suggest an explanation for the difference you described in part (a). (2 marks) c) In 1847, Dr Semmelweis told the doctors to wash their hands each time before they began to work in Ward A. Table 2 shows the death rates in the two wards, after Percentage of women who died Year Ward A Ward B Dr Semmelweis was right to tell the doctors to wash their hands. What evidence is there to support Dr Semmelweis telling the doctors to wash their hands? Use information from Table 1 and Table 2 in your answer.

19 (3 marks) d) In modern hospitals less than 0.1% of women die from disease after giving birth. Medical understanding has improved since the 1850s to reduce the death rate. Other than improvements in hygiene, give two reasons for the low death rate from infectious diseases in modern hospitals. (2 marks)

20 TASK 6 Revision crossword (optional task complete for a house point). Solve the crossword below as a way of assessing what you do and don t yet know.

Across 5. Drug that destroys bacteria inside the body without damaging human cells. 12. The response of the immune system to cells carrying foreign antigens. 13.

The condition when the body does not get a balanced diet. 18. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. An antibiotic-resistant bacterium. 19. A change in the genetic material of an organism. 20.

21 Across 5. Drug that destroys bacteria inside the body without damaging human cells. 12. The response of the immune system to cells carrying foreign antigens. 13. When more cases of an infectious disease are recorded than would normally be expected. 15. Disease which can be passed from one individual to another. 16. The condition when the body does not get a balanced diet. 18. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. An antibiotic-resistant bacterium. 19. A change in the genetic material of an organism. 20. To make someone immune to a disease by injecting them with a vaccine which stimulates the immune system to make antibodies against the disease. 21. A person if their body carries excess fat and their BMI is between 25 and The process by which evolution takes place. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support so only those which are most suited to their environment the fittest will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics. 25. The dead or inactive pathogen material used in vaccination. 26. Drug which lowers the blood cholesterol levels and improves the balance of HDLS to LDLs. 28. The nutrient jelly on which many microorganisms are cultured. 29. Passed on from parents to their offspring through genes. 30. A way of spreading infectious diseases through the tiny droplets full of pathogens, which are expelled from your body when you cough, sneeze or talk. Down 1. Capable of causing infection. 2. Chemical needed in small amounts as part of a balanced diet to keep the body healthy. 3. Blood cell which is involved in the immune system of the body, engulfing bacteria, making antibodies and making antitoxins. 4. A population of billions of bacteria grown in culture. 6. Microorganism which causes disease. 7. The body system which recognises and destroys foreign cells or proteins such as invading pathogens. 8. The unique protein on the surface of a cell. It is recognised by the immune system as self or non-self. 9. The rate at which the chemical reactions of your body take place, particularly cellular respiration. 10. Single-celled microorganisms that can reproduce very rapidly. 11. Very overweight, with a BMI of over Giving a vaccine that allows immunity to develop without exposure to the disease itself. 14. Introducing small quantities of dead or inactive pathogens into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy the pathogens. This makes the person immune to future infection. 16. Bacteria, viruses and other organisms that can only be seen using a microscope.

22 17. A way of spreading infectious disease by skin contact between two people. 22. Microorganism which takes over body cells and reproduces rapidly, causing disease. 24. A substance containing the nutrients needed for microorganisms to grow. 27. When more cases of a disease are recorded than normal in a number of different countries.

23 Topic evaluation In the space below, write down the areas you feel you are doing well in the topic and the areas you need more help with.

24 Self Evaluation of my Homework I am a R learner. I know this because: I believe that my effort and attitude to learning for this booklet is a: I know this because:

People do not always agree about the use of antibiotics in food production.

Q1. Read the passage about antibiotics. People do not always agree about the use of antibiotics in food production. If we put low doses of antibiotics in feed for animals such as cattle and sheep, it helps