Summary Report of Activities/Missions conducted since April 2011, with planned activities into (K.Sumption)

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Appendix Summary Report of Activities/Missions conducted since April, with planned activities into (K.

Mediterranean region Keith Sumption, Secretary, EuFMD Commission Non-vaccination EU7+ FAO Rome Mass vaccination Zonal vaccination low vaccination ratio no vaccination Vaccination use West EurAsia

the EU and which interface with major FMDV reservoirs in West Eurasia and Africa Regional/National Reference Centres Pool O, A, Asia Pool O, A, Asia Pool O, A, Asia Pool O, A, SAT, Pool 7 O, A Pool

Virus present in game parks Free with vaccination Intermediate, sporadic Countries with multiples zones Source: Annual OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Report, 7 Current status: EU7: last

3 Appendix Summary Report of Activities/Missions conducted since April, with planned activities into (K.Sumption) FMD Vaccination policy: vaccination against FMD in 8 in West Eurasia-Middle East Ongoing and planned activities : EuFMD Commission and support for FMD control in the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean region Keith Sumption, Secretary, EuFMD Commission Non-vaccination EU7+ FAO Rome Mass vaccination Zonal vaccination low vaccination ratio no vaccination Vaccination use West EurAsia Reference Centres (UK, Belgium, Italy, South Africa, India, Russian Fed at /9) Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres The European neighborhood wider group of countries in connection with the EU and which interface with major FMDV reservoirs in West Eurasia and Africa Regional/National Reference Centres Pool O, A, Asia Pool O, A, Asia Pool O, A, Asia Pool O, A, SAT, Pool 7 O, A Pool A, O, SAT,, Pool 6 SAT,, Endemic FMD - Free Free. Virus present in game parks Free with vaccination Intermediate, sporadic Countries with multiples zones Source: Annual OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Report, 7 Current status: EU7: last outbreaks in Current FMD status in the European neighborhood but continued incursions of FMDV to the European neighborhood Past years (6-) 7 from West Eurasia (Pool ) and East Africa (Pool ), and from South Asia (Pool to parts of the Arabian Gulf) or EuFMD: member states of which 6 EU+ 9 others Three member states (Turkey, Israel, and Bulgaria (Status suspended) + neighboring countries are NOT free of FMD Type O, Type A, Type Asia-, Type SAT 6

Appendix Regional pandemic (Feb -) : ANT- strain of FMD type O PanAsia- Main possibilities for FMD introduction to East and South Mediterranean: Jan/ To Eastern Med : from West Eurasia (via Iran/Iraq.

4 Appendix Regional pandemic (Feb -) : ANT- strain of FMD type O PanAsia- Main possibilities for FMD introduction to East and South Mediterranean: Jan/ To Eastern Med : from West Eurasia (via Iran/Iraq..) To Southern Med : June/ from eastern Med (livestock in ships..) From East Africa and parts of Mid-East (shipped) Trans-sahara (999 and ) Isr: Mar/ South-East Europe: across landborders: 7 Mar/ Sept/ Dec/ July/ Mar/ Feb/ Turkey (from 6 neighbouring countries) Israel: from neighbours Bulgaria and Greece from one to EU7 and Western Balkans: possible introductions from any of the 7 virus pools EFSA FMD risk assessment several pathways FMD in the southern/eastern Mediterranean: events, issues and developments TUR: index case near Istanbul, source near Iraq border. More cases August (near Armenia border) FMD serotype Asia-: epidemic Unnamed strain [Genogroup ] Events Sweeping epidemics of huge intra-regional impact Frequency and speed of spread increasing: Three regional epidemics in years (9-) Jan/ Dec - Two (A, O) reached Libya (presumed by sea) One reached Bulgaria (Type O) Jul/9 BAR: Feb/ Main source is West Eurasia (Pakistan to Turkey) Overspill to middle-east and north Africa (Libya) In addition: African type A in Egypt, continuing circulation since 6 Asia-: new unnamed strain poorly covered by vaccines; seen first in 9, epidemic late and. Main reservoir Asia- is Pakistan but in 98 and reached Greece. 8 Regional pandemic : BAR-8 strain of type A Iran Reached Libya apparently bypassing Egypt TUR: only One Case close to Iraq/9 LEB: Mar/9 ISR, +PAT Jun/9 Feb/9 Jan/9 Jan/9 KUW: Feb/9 BAR: Nov/8 Mar/9 Egypt: rising price of beef creates pressure to widen source of imports Changes in retail price of deboned beef (L.E./kg) in Egypt from 999 Price of deboned beef (L.E./kg) in Egypt in 6 6 March April May June July Rising food prices have led to a rapid rise in consumer prices in Egypt since, causing social and political unrest and affecting the country s economic growth Urban inflation in months by March was.% 9 Source: Modified from Metaly, Y. M., Mohamed, K. A., Hassan, H. B. A.. An Economic Study on the Red Meat in Arab Republic of Egypt. Nature and Science 8(): 9-.

Appendix Issues Growing reliance on imports livestock/meat deficits in southern Mediterranean Impact of global cereal prices Fattening costs increased Elevated meat and animal values Drivers for

PCP stepwise along the road Country Stages facilitate progress monitoring at national and regional level Global scale -across Regional Roadmaps and at every stage generates information for risk

5 Appendix Issues Growing reliance on imports livestock/meat deficits in southern Mediterranean Impact of global cereal prices Fattening costs increased Elevated meat and animal values Drivers for intra-regional and extra-regional long distance live animal movements Permeable land borders, smuggling and lack of security National behaviours in reporting of FMD :penalties encourage non-reporting PCP stepwise along the road Country Stages facilitate progress monitoring at national and regional level Global scale -across Regional Roadmaps and at every stage generates information for risk assessment Good and bad examples within the region 6 Developments Regional Roadmap for West Eurasian countries: Co-ordinated projects for early warning and assistance to countries to revise national strategies FAO/OIE Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP) Joint tool from Basis for Regional Long Term Roadmaps PCP emphasises control programme quality Addresses lack of reporting National plans overtaken by political events and demands Affect publically funded preventive measures Demand to reduce meat costs (open imports to non-fmd free countries) 7 Conclusions II Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP) PCP what it is and is NOT PCP is: Set of activities to identify risk management options, and to assist monitoring and management of FMD control programmes A basis for self-assessment and comparison of FMD management A framework for design of national programmes that could be used by countries (+ donors, FAO) NOT : The Global FMD eradication programme A set of prescribed control measures Countries should manage their own risks with own resources International support to the region should incl. guidance on epidemiology, improved national FMD control and risk reduction, incl. vacc. & sero surveys Both should support: continued sharing of data on vaccination, serological surveys and FMDV at suitable scale improved human resources for epidemiology, risk assessment & management Need for analysis of problems on PCP implementation in countries with evidence of virus circulation and no reporting of outbreaks/suspicions 8

6 Appendix 8 9 (NEW) Kyrgyz Tajik Turkmen (NEW) Uzbek (NEW) AFG new? (NEW) IRN West Eurasia Countries PCP progress Kazakh PAK East Anatolia (TR) Thrace (TR) Marmara Aegean (TR) Central Anatolia (TR) Syria Iraq PCP Stage Focus: To maintain zero tolerance of FMD within the country or zone and eventually achieve OIE recognition of FMD-free with vaccination Return to Stage ; no PCP activities reported in FMD-free with vaccination (OIE recognized) Not evaluated in (Outlook as per 9 meeting) Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia 8 : : Comment pending progressions, incl. official freedom downgradings (NEW) Kyrgyz Turkmen (NEW) Uzbek (NEW) AFG new? Tajik IRN West Eurasia Outlook for next years Kazakh PAK East Anatolia (TR) Thrace (TR) Marmara Aegean (TR) Central Anatolia (TR) Syria Iraq Georgia (NEW) pending = PCP progressions in countries or zones x stage (9x new) x stage (all new) x stage Return to Stage ; no PCP activities reported in FMD-free with vaccination (OIE recognized) European Commission for the control of Foot and Mouth Disease Not evaluated in (Outlook as per 9 meeting) Armenia Azerbaijan... until : Turkey plans further zoning all countries or zones min. stage Comment ACTIVITIES.. May 9 - April develop & implement risk based control plans... eliminate circulation Basis for EuFMD actions in East and Southern Mediterranean PCP Stage Focus: To gain an understanding of To reduce threat to EUFMD member states the epidemiology of FMD in the country and develop a risk-based approach to reduce the impact of FMD Includes pre-emptive support to achieve early warning Bordering to EuFMD MS: MS request action to reduce risk across land borders Basis for recent assistance to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt Southern Med: The threat to EuFMD MS is across the sea EuFMD can respond to direct calls from countries for assistence (rare) Or via REMESA, FAO or OIE offices Or in response to SANCO or EuFMD MS request to act All actions subject to Executive Ctte, and SANCO (if EC Trust Fund request)

7 Appendix 8 EuFMD Actions in East or Southern Mediterranean neighbourhood (9-) Item 6 - EuFMD Strategic Plan 9- Syria: support to FMD surveillance (8-9), towards meeting PCP Stage (issues!) The 8th Session defined Priorities for action as: Lebanon:. emergency vaccination (9, type A; EC donation) and surveillance or FMD (sero-survey).. Egypt: FAO Emergency TCP followed by, US$ EC/EuFMD (-) towards completing PCP Stage (surveillance/diagnostic lab support).. Tunisia:. diagnostic kits provided for sero-surveys on Libyan border (May ). Offer via FAO to support further proof of FMD risk surveillance (k) not yet taken up Training: FMD Risk reduction in the Turkish neighbourhood region, in support of the West EurAsia FMD control Roadmap; Viral surveillance for Vaccine bank prioritization; Global FMD risk information and control program progress monitoring across 7 virus pools with priority given to the pools closest to Europe; FMD Training program a rolling program for the European/EuFMD Member States year rolling program; Technical networking focus on vaccination performance, FMD risk, surveillance and survey design and in depth technical studies. For emergency actions, the EC/EuFMD agreement for 9- should continue Real-Time Training in FMD response (EuFMD/EC program Phase I) to provide flexibility in provision for emergency actions, as per past agreements and reflecting the need to use this source of funds for an efficient, rapid response. - vets trained from Morocco (), Algeria (), Tunisia (). Three vets trained from each EU MS in same period 6 Summary The Action Plan for May -April Egypt and PCP stage TCP (9) concluded that Egypt had entered PCP stage continue initiated activities that were agreed in the period since May 9 initiate new activities following the most recent experience with FMD in South-Eastern Europe. new priority: FMD MANAGEMENT CAPACITY BUILDING National study planned (TCP ) TCP (-): For PCP stage, a number of steps are not yet completed: Active monitoring of virus circulation: (EUROPEAN COUNTRIES) Underreporting of FMD outbreaks Understanding the epidemiology Serosurveillance may reveal risk factors for FMD infection, however riskpoints with major husbandry / marketing chains are not yet identified Targeting of measures risk-based control Need for developing an integrated FMD control strategy, focusing on the critical risk points This requires establishing of a FMD task force to design the control strategy and organise its implementation 7 9 Egypt: Laboratory capacity to support PCP Capacity building fordiagnosis of FMD and characterisation of strains FAO TCP supported roted EuFMD/EC (k) Virology (which strains, vaccines?) Serology (extent of FMD, vaccination impact) Capacity building molecular diagnosis of FMDV Implementation of ISO 7 quality system Characterisation of strains on a regular basis NEW Activities at the 9th Session, as a result of recent events in FMD control in the European region Balkan Regional FMD lab; develop/initiate Training Programme ( months/8 months); Training in the use of modelling in contingency planning (EuFMD member states; develop ( months)/implement (8 months) ); Support for epidemiology, data management and strategy development, West Eurasia Roadmap epidemiology unit - 8 months; Research studies : - including wildlife exposure and risk of persistence.

8 Appendix Priorities Status. FMD Risk reduction in the Turkish Funding agreed, implemented. neighbourhood region, in support of the SAP Institute to propose West EurAsia FMD control Roadmap program for - Action Plan (-) ELEMENTS HIGHLIGHTED Continue as per project agreed. WELNET Epidemiology Unit support, -. Viral surveillance for Vaccine bank Ist Phase finishes July prioritization Ongoing studies from 9/ Institutional Actions Suggested PCP Stage Re-assessments: Propose nd Phase based on Review of st Phase. Continue development, evaluate () Eastern and Southern Mediterranean FAO/OIE Joint Workshop with Senior VS of each country Towards a framework for national and regional activities. Global FMD risk information and Revise/renew contract with WRL, under EC Trust Fund budget control program progress monitoring Programs in await costed work Support -, Review success in years across 7 virus pools with priority given to programmes (Jan-Feb ) EuFMD to support FAO to collate systematic information/review PCP the pools closest to Europe; progress. Contract for International FMD Reference Laboratory Services (WRL Pirbright). FMD Training program a rolling Ongoing- training to be located in New Phase of Real-time Training program for the European/EuFMD Kenya Evaluate ways to refresh experience (e.g. real-time access to Member States year rolling findings/online sharing) program; Extend the TYPE of training?(disease Mgt). Technical networking Euro-Med, West Eurasia region (focus on vaccination Linked to Res Group PCP monitoring, surveillance and epidemiology performance, FMD risk, guidances/network of practitioners ) surveillance and survey design and in Closed Session. depth technical studies); Balkan Regional FMD lab; develop/initiate Training Programme ( months/8 months) Scientific Meeting (FAO OIE) on FMD in Eurasia (November, India) Annual Global Review of FMD research (Contracted through OVI, under Research Group GFRA ) Technical study: FMD exposure and persistence in wildboar/wildlife in an endemic region ( months) Other 6 FMD MANAGEMENT CAPACITY Topic 9th Session, BUILDING EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Economic/Impact symposium Develop ( months)/implement (8 months) project to Train in use of modelling in contingency planning (EuFMD member states) Stressed! > 6 samples per year from neighboring regions Revised contract addressing current Europe/Regional needs Responding to strain on national budgets Service essential to support Europe and neighborhood Working together Budgetary implications and implementing mechanisms Global Progress Estimated additional costs ( years):.6 million USD Funds available within EC TF ( year agreement, 8m ) : utilisation subject to SANCO agreement on workplan Funding for additional actions (e.g Med neighbours) As part of Regional Long Term Roadmaps Unallocated funds (reserve) in the 8 m budget Use subject to SANCO Supporting sustainable National Strategies Acknowledgements Outlook: Mediterranean neighbourhood high risk periods upcoming: festivals and winter Impacts of political change: on preventive programs, on detection and emergency response Eastern: Egypt: Syria/Lebanon/Jordan/PAT: Phase of EuFMD/EC program needed (: Phase I affected by revolution) FMD situation uncertain (winter high risk period); Supporting centres: Southern: Libya: Tunisia: Algeria/Morocco; EUFMD Secretariat staff (Nadia Rumich) RAHCs in Beirut, Tunis, FAO Ankara and Cairo FMD situation? Revised national strategy/program support? EUFMD Commission member states CVOs of West Eurasian countries EC (DG-SANCO Trust Fund; Alf Füssel) FAO (J. Domenech, J. Lubroth, G Ferrari, J Pinto) OIE (G. Bruckner, J Domenech) FAO World Reference Laboratory (WRL) Pirbright (D Paton, Jef Hammond) requests made to FAO for support, revision given changed situation?; stabilisation in region may allow return to schedule to gain official recognised freedom? 6

Keith Sumption Secretary, European FMD Control Commission (EuFMD) FAO, Rome

Foot and mouth disease situation and control strategies in Europe the current situation Keith Sumption Secretary, European FMD Control Commission (EuFMD) FAO, Rome The European neighborhood wider group