Glucoregulation 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
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1 Glucoregulation 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
2 2 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
3 Glucose 3 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Glucose is a type of sugar. It is the basic fuel for aerobic respiration, which provides the body with energy. Glucose is present in food, either on its own or bound up in complex carbohydrates such as starch. Complex carbohydrates are broken down during digestion to release glucose. Glucose is readily absorbed into the bloodstream, where it is transported to the cells for use in respiration. The amount of glucose in the blood is called the blood glucose level.
4 Diet and blood glucose 4 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
5 Regulating blood glucose 5 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Not all of the glucose in the blood is used for respiration immediately. Much of it is stored for later use. What would happen if this did not occur? The body stores glucose in the form of a complex carbohydrate called glycogen. Glycogen is found in the liver and muscles. Why can t glucose simply be left in the blood until it is needed? The body needs to achieve a balance between the glucose locked away as glycogen and the glucose free in the blood. This is called glucoregulation.
6 The hormones of the pancreas 6 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Blood glucose levels are controlled by the pancreas. pancreas The pancreas manufactures hormones and secretes them into the bloodstream. The hormones affect cells in the liver and muscles. Depending on the hormone they receive, the cells will either remove glucose from the blood or release it into the blood. What other function does the pancreas perform?
7 Insulin and glucagon 7 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 If blood glucose levels are too high, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Insulin causes cells in the liver and muscles to take up glucose from the blood, where it is stored as glycogen. glucose in blood insulin glucagon glycogen in cells If blood glucose levels are too low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. Glucagon makes the liver convert glycogen into glucose, and release it into the blood.
8 Maintaining a safe blood glucose level 8 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
9 Key terms 9 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
10 10 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
11 What is diabetes? 11 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body s insulin control mechanism is impaired. glucose in blood insulin glucagon glycogen in cells The disruption in insulin control causes two problems: blood glucose concentrations become dangerously high glucose cannot be stored for later use. The symptoms of diabetes can become very serious if the disease is not managed properly.
12 Type 1 diabetes 12 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Type 1 diabetes develops when the insulin producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed. Insulin production is greatly reduced, so cells in the liver and muscles lack sufficient signals to remove glucose from the blood. Type 1 diabetes often develops in childhood.
13 Type 2 diabetes 13 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin. Insulin continues to be produced, but the body s cells do not respond to it. Type 2 diabetes typically affects people over 40 years old. Obesity and high sugar diets increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
14 How does diabetes affect the body? 14 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
15 Correlating insulin and blood glucose 15 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 How does blood glucose affect insulin production?
16 16 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
17 Treating type 1 diabetes 17 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 People with type 1 diabetes do not produce enough insulin, so the illness can be treated by administering insulin. Type 1 diabetics must inject themselves with insulin before they eat. This helps to keep blood glucose at a safe level. Insulin is usually injected into the subcutaneous fat, which is the fat stored directly beneath the skin. The amount of insulin needed depends on how much the person eats and how active they are.
18 Treating type 2 diabetes 18 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Most people with type 2 diabetes can manage their illness through diet and exercise. Eating small, regular meals can stabilize blood glucose levels, and avoiding sugary foods can prevent blood glucose levels from rising. Physical activity reduces the amount of glucose in the blood. A carefully managed diet and exercise regime can also be helpful for type 1 diabetics.
19 Type 1 or type 2? 19 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
20 The link between obesity and diabetes 20 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
21 Developing diabetes treatments 21 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
22 Evaluating medical treatments 22 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
23 Recap 23 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
24 24 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
25 Glossary 25 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
26 Anagrams 26 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
27 Multiple-choice quiz 27 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012
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