Mid Term Review. 1. step 1, only 3. both step 1 and step 2 2. step 2, only 4. neither step 1 nor step 2

Transcription

1 Name Mid Term Review 1. Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to 1. design a research plan for an experiment 3. organize data 2. test a hypothesis 4. predict the independent variable 2. In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of 1. water molecules 3. organic compounds 2. oxygen molecules 4. inorganic compounds 3. Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? 1. diffusion 3. respiration 2. photosynthesis 4. active transport 4. The diagram shown represents part of the process of cellular respiration. Energy is released and made available for metabolic activities at 1. step 1, only 3. both step 1 and step 2 2. step 2, only 4. neither step 1 nor step 2 5. After it is produced by an autotroph, glucose can be 1. converted into storage products by hydrolysis 2. utilized to capture light energy from the sun 3. combined with three fatty acids to form a lipid 4. used as an energy source in cellular respiration

2 6. The diagram represents a cyclic event in the process of cellular respiration. This cycle is important to living organisms because it 1. is a nonreversible process that produces energy for the cell 2. converts the potential energy of organic molecules to a form that can readily be used or stored 3. transforms adenosine triphosphate molecules into protein molecules that cells can use for energy 4. is the only process in cells that does not require enzymes 7. In the diagram of a cell, which number indicates the structure in which most of the enzymes involved in aerobic cellular respiration function? The diagram shows a particle of food being moved along the human digestive tract by alternate waves of relaxation and contraction of the muscular walls of the esophagus. Which process causes the movement of the food down the esophagus? 1. circulation 3. peristalsis 2. active transport 4. osmosis

3 9. The diagram represents a portion of the human digestive tract. The muscular contractions that occur in the region labeled X are known as 1. cyclosis 3. synthesis 2. hydrolysis 4. peristalsis 10. In humans, food is moved from the mouth to the stomach as a result of 1. egestion 3. circulation 2. peristalsis 4. diffusion 11. Which order of metabolic processes converts nutrients consumed by an organism into cell parts? 1. digestion --> absorption --> circulation -- > diffusion --> synthesis 2. absorption --> circulation --> digestion -- > diffusion --> synthesis 3. digestion --> synthesis --> diffusion --> circulation --> absorption 4. synthesis --> absorption --> digestion --> diffusion --> circulation 12. Base your answer on the accompanying diagram, which represents stages in the digestion of a starch, and on your knowledge of biology. The products would most likely contain 1. simple sugars 3. amino acids 2. fats 4. minerals

4 13. Base your answer on the accompanying diagram, which represents stages in the digestion of a starch, and on your knowledge of biology. The structure labeled X most likely represents 1. an antibody 3. an enzyme 2. a receptor molecule 4. a hormone 14. Which diagram best represents the fluid-mosaic model of a cell membrane? Which structure is most directly responsible for maintaining homeostasis in all cells? 1. chloroplast 3. centriole 2. cell membrane 4. cell wall 16. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct? 1. The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside environment. 2. The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals. 3. The cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell. 4. The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.

5 17. In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out 1. diffusion 3. information storage 2. active transport 4. metabolic processes 18. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as 1. vacuoles 3. chloroplasts 2. ribosomes 4. mitochondria 19. The accompanying graph shows the levels of glucose and insulin in the blood of a human over a period of time. This graph represents 1. an allergic reaction 3. maintenance of homeostasis 2. an antigen-antibody reaction 4. autotrophic nutrition 20. Both a deer and a tree react to changes in their external surroundings, helping them to maintain a constant internal environment. This statement describes 1. predation 3. antibiotic resistance 2. homeostasis 4. autotrophic nutrition 21. If a human system fails to function properly, what is the most likely result? 1. a stable rate of metabolism 3. a change in the method of cellular respiration 2. a disturbance in homeostasis 4. a change in the function of DNA 22. One immediate cause of a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis is a reduction in the availability of 1. carbon dioxide 3. hydrogen 2. carbon monoxide 4. nitrogen

6 23. In an investigation, equal amounts of water were added to each of four test tubes. An aquatic plant was added to two of these test tubes. The four test tubes were each fitted with a stopper containing a pipette to measure the amount of gas released. The test tubes were then paired so that one tube in each pair contained a plant. One pair was placed 1 meter from a light source, and the other pair was placed 2 meters from the same light source. The investigator was most likely attempting to determine the effect on photosynthesis of different 1. wavelengths of light 3. mineral concentrations 2. intensities of light 4. amounts of carbon dioxide 24. Which activity occurs in the process of photosynthesis? 1. Chemical energy from organic molecules is converted into light energy. 2. Organic molecules are obtained from the environment. 3. Organic molecules are converted into inorganic food molecules. 4. Light energy is converted into the chemical energy of organic molecules. 25. The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in 1. a nucleus 3. a protein molecule 2. a chromosome 4. an enzyme molecule 26. The process of active transport requires the most direct use of 1. carbon dioxide 3. ATP 2. amino acids 4. glucose 27. The accompanying diagram represents movement of a large molecule across a membrane. Which process is best represented in this diagram? 1. active transport 3. protein building 2. diffusion 4. gene manipulation

7 28 The accompanying diagram represents a laboratory setup used by a student during an investigation of diffusion. Which statement best explains why the liquid in tube A will rise over a period of time? 1. The starch concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane. 2. The water will pass from a region of lower starch concentration to one of higher starch concentration. 29. Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way? 1. Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch. 3. Water and starch volumes are the same in both tubes A and B. 4. The fluids in both tubes A and B will change from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. 3. Enzymes are long, complex fats. 2. Each enzyme has a characteristic shape. 4. Each enzyme is made up of four subunits. 30. Which condition is necessary for enzymes and hormones to function properly in the human body? 1. These chemicals must have a specific shape. 2. These chemicals must be able to replicate. 3. Body temperature must be above 40 o C. 4. Body ph must be above A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that allows them to work effectively with other organic molecules is their 1. specific shape 3. concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms 2. small size 4. high-energy bonds 32. The pancreas is an organ connected to the digestive tract of humans by a duct (tube) through which digestive enzymes flow. These enzymes are important to the digestive system because they 1. form proteins needed in the stomach 3. change food substances into molecules that can pass into the bloodstream and cells 2. form the acids that break down food 4. change food materials into wastes that can be passed out of the body

8 33. Which statement describes all enzymes? 1. They control the transport of materials. 3. They affect the rate of chemical reactions. 2. They provide energy for chemical reactions. 4. They absorb oxygen from the environment. 34. Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below this optimum will decrease enzyme activitiy. Which graph (see image) best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity? 35. The energy found in ATP molecules synthesized in animal cells comes directly from 1. sunlight 3. minerals 2. organic molecules 4. inorganic molecules 36. Energy from organic molecules can be stored in ATP molecules as a direct result of the process of 1. cellular respiration 3. diffusion 2. cellular reproduction 4. digestion 37. The accompanying diagram represents a cell. Which statement concerning ATP and activity within the cell is correct? 1. The absorption of ATP occurs at structure A. 2. The synthesis of ATP occurs within structure B. 3. ATP is produced most efficiently by structure C. 4. The template for ATP is found in structure D. 38. ATP is a compound that is synthesized when 1. chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed during photosynthesis 2. energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration 3. energy stored in nitrogen is released, forming amino acids 4. digestive enzymes break amino acids into smaller parts

9 Answer Key Divide the Number correct by 38 for your score