SU228R Grades 4-8. Hayes FAST FACTS & DAZZLING DATA THE HUMAN BODY

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "SU228R Grades 4-8. Hayes FAST FACTS & DAZZLING DATA THE HUMAN BODY"

Winifred Anderson
5 years ago
Views:

1 Hayes SU228R Grades 4-8 FAST FACTS & DAZZLING DATA THE HUMAN BODY

2 Fast Facts & Dazzling Data The Human Body This book was developed for Hayes School Publishing Co., Inc. by Good Neighbor Press, Inc., Grand Junction, CO Written by Cindy Barden Cover image used by permission of The Stock Market COPYRIGHT 1998, HAYES SCHOOL PUBLISHING CO., INC., PRINTED IN U.S.A. All rights reserved. The purchase of this book entitles the individual teacher to reproduce the activities in this book for use with children. No parts of these publications may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, recorded, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Hayes School Publishing Co., Inc. ANSWER KEY PULL TO REMOVE Table of Contents Unit 1: Your Muscular Skeletal System To the Teacher...1 Information Page...2 Worksheet...3 Think It Through...4 Activity...5 Review What You Learned...6 Unit 2: Your Digestive System To the Teacher...7 Information Page...8 Worksheet...9 Think It Through...10 Activity...11 Review What You Learned...12 Unit 3: Your Respiratory System To the Teacher...13 Information Page...14 Worksheet...15 Think It Through...16 Activity...17 Review What You Learned...18 Unit 4: Your Circulatory System To the Teacher...19 Information Page...20 Worksheet...21 Think It Through...22 Activity...23 Review What You Learned...24 Unit 5: Your Nervous System To the Teacher...25 Information Page...26 Worksheet...27 Think It Through...28 Activity...29 Review What You Learned...30 Unit 6: Your Skin To the Teacher...31 Information Page...32 Worksheet...33 Think It Through...34 Activity...35 Review What You Learned...36 Unit 7: Your Eyes and Ears To the Teacher...37 Information Page...38 Worksheet...39 Think It Through...40 Activity...41 Review What You Learned...42 Unit 8: Your Nose and Mouth To the Teacher...43 Information Page...44 Worksheet...45 Think It Through...46 Activity...47 Review What You Learned...48 FAST FACTS & DAZZLING DATA: THE HUMAN BODY 1

3 Your Muscular/Skeletal System To the Teacher J The skeletal and muscular systems are such wonders of design and physics that students can easily become impressed by the fact that we are able to stand up and walk. The Fact Page that accompanies this unit is designed to look at these systems from a viewpoint other than identification of bones and muscles (B O R I N G!). J The muscular system works quite well considering that the only movement a muscle can really do is to pull one bone toward another bone. Working with joints that allow only certain ranges of motion, we are capable of an awesome repertoire of movement. From a leap of joy to the playing of a Mozart etude we move bones by contracting one muscle while relaxing another. Today we know much about muscle development and becoming stronger, more flexible, and having more endurance. Students will be aware of the value of exercise and training for optimal muscle use. J The involuntary muscle movements that are continually active in our bodies is always a bit of a surprise. From focusing your eyes on this page to the journey your breakfast cereal has begun to the constant beating of your heart aren t we impressed with muscles! J The animal kingdom had to develop some scheme to enable them to become more than shapeless, immobile blobs unable to rise above the surface of the ground. Earth s gravity made it imperative that a material be developed that would be stronger than the gravitational pull and thus allow animals to assume definite shapes and heights above ground level. Insects developed exoskeletons; we developed endoskeletons. J Endoskeletons are amazing things. Where there is a need for protection of vital soft organs, we now have skulls, rib cages, pelvic girdles, and that glorious macaroni-on-a-string wonder, a backbone. Since we can survive without a limb, they are not as protected by bony structure. The result made us very mobile. Such a plan! Bones are flexible enough to bend a little without snapping, but bones are stiff and strong enough to meet all their load bearing duties. If bones are broken, they heal themselves to their previous strength. It takes only 17 muscles to smile. It takes 43 muscles to frown. 1

4 Your Muscular/Skeletal System Pelvic Girdle (pelvis): digestive system bladder kidneys reproductive organs Muscle Talk The Body s Armor System Bones: Are made of collagen, calcium, and phosphorous. A living bone is pale gray, full of blood vessels, slightly flexible, and can hurt! Thorax (rib cage): heart lungs digestive system J Weird But True: Tallest man: 8 feet Shortest man: inches Skull: J Muscles don t start to get bigger for 24 to 48 hours after a training session. J The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus (in buttock and upper thigh). J Muscles make up 2 5 of our body weight. J Muscles have a generous blood supply to bring oxygen and energy (food) for contractions. J Muscles only pull never push. brain eyes ears How many bones? There are 206 bones in an adult half of them in your hands and feet! Backbone: Protects spinal cord Cartilage: on the ends of bones at joints. It is slippery so bones can move easily. Your ears and the end of your nose are cartilage! All babies bones are cartilage! Muscle Pairs Bones Meet at a Joint Ball & Socket Joint Gliding Joint hands, fingers A muscle or group of muscles work as opposing pairs to move a bone. One must contract: becomes shorter and fatter The other must relax: becomes longer and thinner shoulders, hips Hinge Joint knee, elbow With more than 40 muscles, our faces are the most expressive in the animal kingdom! There are 640 muscles in our body. Their actions: 1. voluntary we think about it running 2. involuntary we don t think about it heartbeats, movement of food through digestive system 3. reflex quick muscle responses that we are aware of after they happen taking hand away from a hot handle. 2

5 Skeletal and Muscular System Worksheet #1 1. We are able to make lots of different funny faces because we have over 40 in our face. 2. The protects our heart and lungs. 3. Our knees have joints. 4. A joint allows a bone to move in a circle. 5. The heart is made of muscle. 6. When a muscle becomes shorter and pulls one bone toward another it is. 7. Your hand and feet contain how many of your bones? 8. The gluteus maximus is the largest in your body. 9. The femur is the largest in your body. 10. Your spinal cord is protected by your. 11. A relaxing muscle becomes thinner and. 12. One thing that the pelvic girdle protects is the. 13. The end of your nose is made of. 14. Both muscles and bones have a good supply of. 15. Your delicate brain is protected by your. 3

In Activity 12, What s Happening Inside? you learned about the functions

16 Support System: Bones, Joints and Muscles l a b o r at o ry In Activity 12, What s Happening Inside? you learned about the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems in supporting and moving your