How Muscles are Classified Muscles The three main types of muscles are,, and

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1 7.5 Muscles: Designed for Motion How Muscles are Classified Muscles The three main types of muscles are,, and o Muscles Muscles that are generally under control (usually ) o Muscles Muscles that not under control ( and ) Muscles Primary function is to move the, made of o Fibers (Cells) Bound together in bunches, the mechanism causes the muscle to be or striped. o Muscle Another name for muscle Muscle, cells in a looser arrangement, specialized for,, contractions, used in circulatory and digestive systems, in the, and in women during Muscles Similar to skeletal muscle but designed to continually, only found in the and is self Important Muscles Connect the bones to the and, Allows for movement of the Moves the lower when it is chewing or Located near your and works with the Connected to the,, and, moves shoulders and, raises the head Muscles Muscles between the, used to raise the and expand the thoracic when they contract Major Connected to the, extends across the and connects to the, used when you your hands in of your body Connected to your and (shoulder), used in your arm from your body Connects each to the region, used for drawing your your body Located on the of each upper, used to your toward your body Located on the of each upper, used to the arm

2 Fingers Flexed/Extended Muscles in the connected to that run to the hands allow the fingers to be and (6-pack Abs) Extend from the bottom of the to the top of the girdle, used when you from External Connect the to the, used for bending (Laterally) Extend vertically along the from the upper back to the, used to hold your (butt) Largest and strongest muscle in the whole body, connected to and, used to move the and to the rear A group of muscles on the front of the upper, used to the leg Connects the outside of the bone to the inside of the, used to the lower and turn it A group of muscles on the back of the upper, used to the leg at the Largest muscle on the of the lower, used to the downward biceps brachii brachialis deltoid erector spinae extensors external obliques flexors gastrocnemius gluteus maximus gluteus medius hamstring infraspinatus intercostals latissimus dorsi Muscles to know masseter pectoralis major quadriceps femoris rectus abdominus sartorius soleus sternocleidomastoid subscapularis supraspinatus temporalis teres minor tibialis anterior trapezius triceps brachii

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5 7.6 Engineered for Power The Design of Skeletal Muscle (Epimysium) The translucent sheath that covers the entire The tapers at each end into that connect the to the bone Inside the muscle there are of cells called The outer covering of a made of connective tissue and run between the to supply food and oxygen and signal the muscle to contract Muscle (Cell) Inside the there are many muscle that are made of many o Each muscle is made of of muscle (cells) o Each muscle cell has many and an unusually large amount of Long bunched together to make each muscle ; they are made of many Tough between the muscle fibers (Cell Membrane) - The outer of the muscle fiber ( ) Overlapping fibers made of thick ( ) and thin ( ) filaments that work together to contract the muscle (this is why muscles have a appearance) Muscle contraction Where the connects to the, triggers the muscle to On average one nerve can stimulate muscle cells The group of muscle cells by a nerve cell is called a A allows there to be nerve cells for every muscle cell If there are muscle cells per nerve cell, those muscles are more If there are muscle cells per nerve cell, those muscles are less Each muscle has thousands of, when you use a muscle some of the units while others are Principle When motor units are stimulated, they completely and completely until stimulated again

6 Structures of the Skeletal Muscle Structures of the Skeletal Muscle Cell

7 7.7 Muscles in Strength and Weakness Exercise is Healthy for Muscles The of muscles through use The of muscles through the lack of use Fibers Muscle fibers that contain a amount of and ; have a pronounced color o Contract more, but have more, are called fibers o A protein that stores Fibers Muscle fibers that contain amounts of and ; do not have a pronounced color o Have more and contract and more, are called fibers You can your muscles to perform a certain A and runner have about the same amount of muscle cells, they are just for a different. Weight Lifter Has more Marathon Runner Has more Exercise We need to to exercise so the muscle will at least in the same If we do not exercise our muscles will Allows muscle and cellular to occur more Allows excess acid to be from the muscle to reduce If a muscle is, there is usually no noticeable loss after healing Muscle When a muscle becomes stiff, sore, and difficult to contract o Caused by a of products in the muscle A sudden, painful, involuntary contraction, caused by a lack of Muscle A state of slight in a relaxed muscle, which a small number of cells are o Allows your muscles to be o Needed for good A Functioning Unit Both and systems need all the other systems to be working together with them. Skeletal system gives the muscular system a system sends electrochemical signals to the muscular system to contract Muscle in the muscle tissue relay messages to the brain, informing it of and

8 Chapter 7 Questions (Continued) 7.5 Questions 1. What are the three types of muscle tissue? Which type is voluntary? 2. How is the design of smooth muscle different from that of striated muscle? 3. Identify 12 important muscles of you body and the movements they make possible. 4. Explain how God s creative design of your hands makes them both strong and dexterous? 5. Make a list of as many muscles as you can think of that are involved in throwing a baseball or football. Do not forget that other parts of your body are involved besides the throwing arm. Define: Cardiac muscle, involuntary muscle, muscle fibers, striated muscles, voluntary muscle 7.6 Questions 1. Why does the number of muscle fiber in a motor unit vary? 2. What is meant by the all-or none principle? 3. How do the structure of muscle fibers and the process of muscle contraction both support the idea that the human body did not come into being by a series of genetic mistakes, but rather was carefully designed and engineered by and intelligent Creator? Define: fascia, motor unit, muscle fiber, myofibril, neuromuscular junction 7.7 Questions 1. What is the greatest cause of muscle atrophy? 2. Why is proper exercise essential to the health of muscles? 3. How do red muscle fibers and white muscle fibers differ? 4. What causes muscle fatigue? 5. Why is proper muscle tone important? 6. Explain how a weight lifter and a long-distance runner, each of whom has approximately the same number of muscle cells in his body, can perform such very different physical feats 7. Use your knowledge of red and white muscle fibers to explain why your legs tire quickly when sprinting or climbing stairs, but tire very slowly or not at all when walking at a normal pace. Define: Atrophy, cramp, hypertrophy, muscle sense, muscle tone