Chapter 1. Physiology of Exercise in the U.S.- Its Past, Its Future

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 1. Physiology of Exercise in the U.S.- Its Past, Its Future"

Reginald Dixon
5 years ago
Views:

1 Chapter 1 Physiology of Exercise in the U.S.- Its Past, Its Future

2 Objectives Name the three Nobel Prize winners whose research work involved muscle or muscular exercise Describe the role of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in the history of exercise physiology in United States Describe factors influencing physical fitness in the United States over the past century

3 European Heritage Three physiologists received the Nobel Prize for work related to muscle or muscular exercise A.V. Hill: Heat production during muscle contraction and recovery Terms Steady state oxygen uptake Maximal oxygen uptake Otto Meyerhof: relationship of O 2 consumption and lactic acid in muscle August Krogh: Function of the capillary circulation

4 European Scientists Haldane Pioneered work in the role of oxygen and lactic acid in the control of breathing during exercise.

5 European Scientists Scholander Developed a chemical gas analyzer Oxygen Carbon dioxide 30 min/sample

6 European Scientists Douglas Douglas bag Weather balloons

7 Harvard Fatigue Laboratory Focal point in the development of exercise physiology in the United States D.B. Dill directed the lab from its opening in 1927 to its closing in 1947 Research in exercise and environmental physiology Basis of much of what we know today

8 Metabolism Maximal oxygen uptake Environmental physiology Altitude, heat, cold Aging Acid-base balance Nutrition Physical fitness Research Areas

10 Physical Fitness A popular topic today Possible careers: Physical Education Physiology of Exercise Health Education Nutrition Physical Therapy Athletic Training Cardiac Rehabilitation Medicine

11 Civil War until the First World War (WWI) Physical education primarily concerned with fitness Many physical education leaders were trained in medicine Dr. Dudley Sargent, hired by Harvard in 1879 Set up physical training programs with individual exercise prescriptions

12 World War I (WWI) & World War II (WWII) Large numbers of draftees failed the induction exams due to mental and physical defects Physical programs began to resemble premilitary training programs

13 1950 s Autopsies of young soldiers of Korean War showed significant coronary artery disease has already developed Hans Kraus American vs European children Poor performance on muscular fitness test 1955, President s Council on Youth Fitness 1957, developed AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test

14 During Kennedy s Term The Soft American Council s name changed to the President s Council on Physical Fitness Nixon administration changed it to the current name President s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

15 Research Laboratories 1950 Survey 16 colleges had research laboratories in PE Dept colleges/universities with research facilities 1960 s Heart disease problem Not infectious diseases

16 Professional Societies Pre 1950 American Physiological Society American Association of Health, Physical Education and Recreation 1938 National Athletic Training Association (NATA) 1954 American College of Sports Medicine Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

17 ACSM Founded in Madison, WI Indianapolis, IN Membership Student $80 Professional $190 Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise Alliance of Health Fitness Professionals Student $50 Professional $90 Health & Fitness Journal

18 ACSM Regional Chapters Student $15 Professional $30 Certifications Health Fitness Instructor (HFI) Exercise Specialist Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist Exercise Test Technologist Group Exercise Leader

19 ACSM Texas Chapter meeting February National Meeting Last week in May Acsm.org

20 AAHPERD Periodicals JOPERD Update newsletter Health Education Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports National Convention (April weeks)

21 American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Professional Student $125 $45 Update +1 $150 $70 Update +2 $175 $95 Update +3

22 Terminology Sports Medicine Combination of sport and exercise science Exercise science Describes and explains what occurs with physical activity and sport

23 Exercise Science Exercise physiology Motor Control Biomechanics Sport psychology Sport sociology Neuroscience Exercise biochemistry

24 Clinical Science Athletic training Orthopedic surgery Podiatry Nutrition Cardiology and cardiac rehab Exercise prescription

25 Societies since 1980 Association for Worksite Health Promotion American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)

Tuesday, October 4, chapter CHAPTER 11

Tuesday, October 4, chapter CHAPTER 11 chapter CHAPTER 11 11 chapter CHAPTER 11 Physiology of Physical Activity Jennifer L. Caputo PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY The study of acute (immediate) physiological responses to physical activity and