Juggling Note Visual evaluation and Chaotic Team Juggle [game].

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1 Index Note: The italicized f and t/f following page numbers refer to figures and true/false questions that are specific to that topic or appear on a page other than those referenced. When topics are listed without page numbers, it refers to topics listed in other parts of this index. Abdominal muscles 31, 47, (Skates). Absorbing force 37-39, 100, 102, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110. Accuracy (see Direction and accuracy). Action-reaction principle (Newton s law) 81-82, 35-36, 42, 72. Adaptability vs. Clumsiness 13, (How to Improve Your Balance), 100 (balance games), story, 24 (bent knee ready position). Adolescence and balance 13. Agility (the ability to change directions rapidly) 20f, 43 (A thought problem). Air resistance 77. Analysis of how and why/cause and effect 3-5, (force), (rebounds, spins and rolls), (object and human projectiles), (direction and accuracy). Anatomically ready 24. Angle of object projection 36-37, 43, Angle of striking or rebound surface 57-58, 75, 76f, 78f, 81f, 85f. Anticipation (see Predicting based upon visual evaluation). Anticipation and Prediction (see Predicting based upon visual evaluation). Archery (see Stabilization of anchor points). Backspin 58, 59 + f 6.3, 60 + f 6.7, f, 67 #2. Backswing 7 #3, 25(stretch reflex), 33 (range of motion). Badminton (executing quick responses), 31 #1(drop shot), 40 (low-short serve), 77 + f 8.5 (air resistance), 85 f 8.21 (smash). Balance 13-21, xi #3, 99 (bent knee), 100 activities to improve balance. Baseball 25 (stretch reflex), 26 (bunt lever length), (executing quick responses), 30 (force development), 31 (stabilization and the abdominal muscles), (absorbing force), 39 (sliding), 48 (range of motion), 66 (spins), 78 (flattening the swinging arc), 81 f8.16 (batting and hit placement), 73 (reaching for a high fly ball), (developing visual evaluation skills), (activity to flatten the swinging arc Batting Tee Challenge), (striking), (making a batting tee). Basketball 19, 20f (defense shuffle), 35 (reducing tension), 35 (reducing tension), 48 (muscle tightness), (rebounds and spins), (games to improve skills = Freeze, Living Basketball, Patterned Team Juggle, Super Sox), and 109 (reading the parabolic path), (increasing jumping height), (analyzing spin effects). Batting Tee Challenge (activity), 100 (analysis). Billiards (activity), 80 (contact points). 1

2 2 Index Blanketball [game] 100, Body preparation Bowling 58 (deflection), (hook ball), (flattening the swinging arc, 83 (observations). Broad jump (see Track and field events). Center of gravity 14-16, (in the human body as a projectile). Changing directions (see Agility). Changing the position of the body when it becomes a projectile Chaotic Team Juggle [game] 100 (analysis), , 94 (visual evaluation). Chest muscles (see pectoral muscles). Clumsiness xi #3, xiii #4, 13, (How to Improve Balance), 20 (story), 47 (muscle tone). Also note Adaptability Coaching ix, 3-10, 48-49, 97. Contact point 80-81, 85, 100. Correcting Errors Method 4-5. Correcting muscle tightness Darts 40 (dart throwing accuracy). Deflection 57, 58. Demonstrating 5 (4th dot), 7 (2nd dot). Diagonal spin 67 #5 & #6. Direction and accuracy 75-89, 35, 124, 121t/f #18. Distance, achieving maximum Diving 41 (lever length), (The Human Body as a Projectile), (for additional understanding). Encouraging the learner 5-9. Equal and opposite reaction (Newton) 35-36, 72, Equipment making (see Appendix B ). Extraneous (unnecessary) movement 34, 43, 82 (The Participant s Body). Falling (negative and positive) 14, 16, 27 4th dot, 43 4th dot, (Strengthening and Toning Muscles), 107 Freeze. Also see Absorbing force. Fencer s stretch 52 (stretching the iliopsoas). Fencing 18, 40, 43 (A thought question). Figure and ground discrimination (visual) 93 #4. Figure skating (see Balance, Stabilization, Human body as a projectile, [Absorbing Force] and Landing), 27. Fishing 76 The Pull of Gravity. Flattening the swinging arc (force), (direction & accuracy), 100 (activities), 101, 102, , , , , 113, , Follow-through 5 #3, 33, 37, 80 #4, 83 (Activities, 1st dot, 100, , , 138t/f #12. Football 18, (stretch reflex + pull of gravity), (Absorbing Force), 77 #1 (Air Resistance), (Correcting Muscle Tightness).

3 Index 3 Force 29-44, 27 (Activities), 48, 49f (a) & (c), 50, (spin and resultant force), 78f 8.10 (flattening the swinging arc), #1-#4, 88t/f #4, 100 (Absorbing force), (games for absorbing force = , 119, 124. Also note Stabilization of anchor points. Fosbury Flop high jump (see Track and field events). Frantic Ball [game] 100, , 16, 20, 94, 98, 99. Freeze [game] 100, , 16 (How to Improve Your Balance), 19, 43 (A thought problem). Giving with the force (see Absorbing force). Golf xi #4, 25 (backswing - stretch reflex), 29 (Force Development), 31 (putt), (pelvic stabilization + flattening the swinging arc), 33 (range of motion), 35 (dealing with stress), (spins & resultant force), 61 (Spins and Roll Patterns), 67, (dimples), 68 (hook & slice), 76 (The Pull of Gravity) (flattening the swinging arc for accuracy), (contact point), 81 + f8.17 (Angle of Rebound or Striking Surface), 86f 8.26(spin to bite the green), 99, (Golf Tee Challenge). Gorilla principle 6, 24. Gravity, Pull of f 8.4, 25 (2nd dot)-26, 27 (Activities 4th dot), 47, (tennis ball toss). Gymnastics f 2.6, 25 (pull of gravity), 41 (lever length). Also note Balance, Stabilization of anchor points and Human body as a projectile. Hamstring muscles 33 (range of motion/muscle tightness), 46, 48 + f5.3, 49 + f5.4c, 50, 52 (Toe Touching). Hand wrestling 19 (4th dot). High jump (see Track and field events). Hitting (see Striking). Hockey (ice and field) (How to Improve Your Balance), (rapid response), (flattening the swinging arc for accuracy), (Pass-a-Puck), (Rag or Rug Hockey). Also note Force, Range of motion, Stabilization of anchor points and Absorbing force. Human body as a projectile Hurdling (see Track and field events). Iliopsoas muscles 49f 5.4b, Impact 36-37, 38, 78 + f 8.9 & 8.10, 80. Also note Contact point. Inertia 23, 25, 26f. Initial error (first error to occur is usually the cause of all additional errors) 4, 10t/f #4. Initiating movement Injuries (avoiding) 13, 14, 16-17, 24, 25, 33f 4.7, 37-38, 45, 47, 48-52, 72, 118 (skates) 137 1st #3. Javelin 36. (see Track and field events). Jogging 18f, 42, (Action-Reaction). Consider Absorbing force. Judo Consider studying Absorbing force, Balance, Force, Opposition, Preparing Your Body, Rapid completion of a task, Reading movement, Ready position, and Stabilization.

4 4 Index Juggling Note Visual evaluation and Chaotic Team Juggle [game]. Karate Consider studying Absorbing force, Balance, Force, Opposition, Preparing Your Body, Rapid completion of a task, Reading movement, Ready position, and Stabilization. Kicking 5 1-3, 25 (backswing + stretch reflex), 29 #1, #2, #3, #5, #6, #7, #8, 33f 4.7, 35, 78, 80, , , Kinesthetic awareness (feeling and sensing the position of your body without visual assistance) 6, 107, 118. Landing 17 #4, (Absorbing Force), Left-handed players 8 2nd dot, 59-60, 60f 6.5, 6.6, 81f 8.16, 85, 86f Left spin 58, 65-67, 67 #3 & #6. Lever length 26-27, 40-41, 44 #17. Living Basketball [game] 100, 109. Marathon running (see Track and field events). Muscle tightness (see Correcting muscle tightness). Muscles Hamstrings see Hamstring muscles Iliopsoas see Iliopsoas and Iliopsoas muscles Pectorals see Pectorals (chest) muscles Posture see Posture Quadriceps see Quadriceps Stretching see Stretching Tightness see Correcting muscle tightness Tone see Toning muscles Newton, Sir Isaac (see Action-reaction principle) Opposition 39-40, 30 (rapid completion) + #1 below. Overcoming inertia 23, 25-26, 27. Parabolic path 65-66, 68-70, 71f 7.13, 100, , , 109, , Partner Scoop Play [game] , 7 #2. Pass-a-Puck [game] 100, , 94 (visual evaluation), 99 (bent knees), 131, 133 (skates). Pectorals (chest) muscles 33, 45, 48, 49f 5.4(a), 50 + f5.5. Pelvic stabilization 30 (force) 3rd #2, 31, 46, 47, 82 (directional control [1] ), 117(skates), 118. Phases of movement 4-5, 25 (backswing), 33 (range of motion), 37 (follow through), 80 #3 & #4. Pole vault (see Track and field events). Pool (the game) see Billiards. Posture

5 Index 5 Predicting based upon visual evaluation Preparing Your Body 45-53, 31 (abdominals as stabilizers), Skates (abdominal development). Projectiles 65-74, (angle of release or take off). Projection, angle of 36-37, 42, 43. Quadriceps muscles 33 + f 4.7a, 49 + f 5.4c, 50. Quick completion of a task (see Rapid completion of a task). Racket and Balloon [game] 100, 113, 132. Rag/rug Hockey [game] 100, , 131. Range of motion (ROM) 29f 4.1, 30 2nd #1, 33, Rapid completion of a task 15-16, 23, f 3.3 (pull of gravity), 30, 33f 4.6, 40 (not using opposition), 41 (short lever), (speed of rotation). Readiness 23-24, 46(tone). Ready position 24. Reading movement (see Chapter 9 = Visual Evaluation). Reading the movement of an object 123 (3rd dot) Also note Chapter 9 = Visual Evaluation; Chapter 6 = Rebound, Deflection, Spins, and Roll Patterns and Chapter 7 Projectiles, pages Rebound 57-59, 62-63, 81, 87-88, 99, Rebound Board [game] 100, , 133. Relaxation 16, 34-35, 43 (Extraneous movement), 123. Riflery (see Stabilization of anchor points). Right spin 58, 60-61, 62, 63 + #7(true), 66, 67 #4 & #5. Roll patterns 57, 58, 59-60, 61, 63, 83, 86f 8.25 & Rotation, speed of 40-41, , Running (see Track and field events). Scissors high jump (see Field Events in Track and Field). Scoop Play [game] 100, , 7 #2. Sensitivity to differences 8, 9. Sequential body segments, leading with 30, 79 #2, , , , , 124 (force) #6. Shot put (see Track and field events). Skates [game] 100, , 16 (balance). Skating see Balance activities that improve balance, Stabilization of anchor points, and Absorbing force. Also see Figure skating. Soccer see Backswing, Stretch reflex, Tight muscles (Note 33f 4.7), Range of motion, Stretching, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Rapid completion of a task, Levers, Flattening the swinging arc, Timing, Force, Direction and accuracy, Contact point, Visual evaluation skills, Parabolic path, Spins, Balance, Agility, Reading the movement of an object, Spatial (space) awareness, Rebound, Spatial (space) awareness, Human body as a projectile, Absorbing force, (activities and warm up) Frantic Ball, Chaotic Team Juggle, Patterned Team Juggle, (indoor practice activities) Skates, Pass-a-Puck and Rag or Rug Hockey.

6 6 Index Softball (see Baseball). Spatial (space) awareness 10t/f #9(false), 136 #9. Specific objective method 3-5. Spike 35, (for getting height) Also consider Contact point and Angle of striking or rebound surface. Spins xi #4, 58-61, 62-64, 65, 66-68, 86f 8.24, 8.25 & 8.26, 87f, 88f. Spreading the force Sprinting (see Track and field events). Stabilization of anchor points 30-31, 29, 46 #3, 47, 82 (The Participant s Body, , 123, 124f/t #7 & f/ t#5. Stabilization also increases balance, accuracy and consistency. Starting, quickly 15-16, 23-26, 27. Stopping 17, 19 (last two dots), 38, 14 Principles of Balance, (game) Freeze Straddle high jump (see Track and field events). Stress 6, 16(last dot), Also note Tension. Stretching 29 #2, 45, Stretch reflex 25, 30 #4, 49. Stride position 17 #1 & #2, 19 (3rd dot), 39, 119 (Super Sox). Striking Some Suggestions on Striking. Also note the Batting Tee Challenge and the Golf Tee Challenge Super Sox [game] 100, 119, 16(2nd dot), 17 #1, 19 (last dot), 40 #7. Swimming 35 (reducing stress + Force Application), 36, (Action-Reaction),. Also consider Range of motion. Swinging arc, timing and flattening (see Flattening the swinging arc). Table tennis see Rapid completion of a task, Spins, Balance, Range of motion, Stabilization of anchor points, Direction and Accuracy, Contact point, Visual evaluation skills, Reading the movement of an object, and Rebound. You will normally not have time to use opposition. Team Juggle [game] (see Chaotic team juggle). Tennis 7 #1, #3 and #4, 8, 83 gravity and the serve toss), 24 (anatomically ready), 25 (stretch reflex), (shorten lever), 28, 31 (#1 + stabilization), (flattening the swinging arc, (33 + f 4.6 (range of motion), and 61 (rebound spin), (aerial spin), (serve ball toss), Timing and Flattening the Swinging Arc, 80 (Direction of Impact Force & Contact Point), Visual Evaluation, (Some Suggestions on Striking). You might also consider Backswing, Stretching, Abdominal muscles, Rapid completion of a task, Levers, Force, Direction and accuracy, Agility, Reading the movement of an object, Spatial (space) awareness, Rebound referenced in this index. Tension 6, 16 (Learn to relax), 34-35, 43 (extraneous movement), 82 (The Participant s Body). Tight muscles Timing 31-32, (lever length), 69 (human flight), (flattening the swinging arc), 81 #5 + f Toe touching 52. Toning muscles Topspin 58-59, 61f 6.9. Track and field events

7 Index 7 Broad jump 74 #7. Also consider Tight muscles, Range of motion, Stretching, Stabilization of anchor points, Force, Human body as a projectile and Absorbing force. High jump Also consider Tight muscles, Range of motion, Stretching, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Sequential involvement, Stabilization of anchor points, Balance, Absorbing force. Hurdling (The Human Body as a Projectile).Also consider Tight muscles, Stretching, Preparing Your Body, and Stabilization of anchor points. Javelin (angle of release), 43 (Angle of projection). Also consider Backswing, Stretch reflex, Tight muscles, Range of motion, Stretching, Sequential involvement, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Levers, Flattening the swinging arc, and Force. Marathon running 26, 41, (Action-Reaction). Also consider Tight muscles, Range of motion, Stretching, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, and Toning muscles. Pole vaulting (Action-Reaction). Also consider Tight muscles, Range of motion, Stretching, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Sequential involvement, Stabilization of anchor points, Human body as a projectile, Absorbing force. Running 26, 41, (Action-Reaction). Also consider Tight muscles, Range of motion, stretching, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Rapid completion of a task, and Levers. Shot put (angle of release), 43 (Angle of projection). Also consider, Stretch reflex, Tight muscles, Range of motion, Stretching, Sequential involvement, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Levers, Flattening the swinging arc, and Force. Sprinting 26, 41, (Action-Reaction). Also consider Tight muscles, Range of motion, stretching, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Rapid completion of a task, and Levers. Trunk rotation 29-30, 32 (force build up). Vaulting, pole (see Track and field events). Visual evaluation 93-96, 103, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 116, 117. Volleyball 8 #7 + f 1.4, 34f 4.8, (force application), 36f 4.11, 67 (spin), (The Human Body as a Projectile). Also consider Stabilization, Flattening the swinging arc, Force, Direction and accuracy, Visual evaluation skills, Spins, and Reading the movement of an object. Warm up 13, 23-24, 25, 27(1st dot), 28 #3(true), 97, 137 #3. Weight lifting see Stretch reflex, Tight muscles, Range of motion, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Force, Balance, Absorbing force. Weight transfer 31-32, 42-43, 78-80, 83 #1 & #2, 101, 108, 124 (force) #s 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, & 10. Wrestling see Ready position, Tight muscles, Range of motion, Preparing Your Body, Abdominal muscles, Stabilization of anchor points, Rapid completion of a task, Levers, Balance, Agility, and Absorbing force referenced in this index.

Introduction to Biomechanics

Module Five: Introduction to Biomechanics INTRODUCTION In Level One you learnt to divide a skill into meaningful phases, identify the key elements within each phase, and develop an observation plan to