Contents Introduction Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise sample assessment test and mark scheme

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2 Pearson Education Limited is one of the UK's largest awarding organisations, offering academic and vocational qualifications and testing to schools, colleges, employers and other places of learning, both in the UK and internationally. Qualifications offered include GCSE, AS and A Level, NVQ and our BTEC suite of vocational qualifications, ranging from Entry Level to BTEC Higher National Diplomas. Pearson Education Limited administers BTEC qualifications. Through initiatives such as onscreen marking and administration, Pearson is leading the way in using technology to modernise educational assessment, and to support teachers and learners. References to third-party material made in this document are made in good faith. We do not endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of materials, which may be subject to change, or any opinions expressed therein. (Material may include textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and websites.) Publications Code BF All the material in this publication is copyright Pearson Education Limited 2012

3 Contents Introduction 1 Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise sample assessment test and mark scheme 3 Unit 7: Anatomy and Physiology for Sports Performance sample assessment test and mark scheme 11

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5 Introduction Sample assessment materials (SAMs) provide learners and centres with specimen questions and mark schemes. These are used as the benchmark to develop the external assessment learners will take. Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise The SAMs for this external unit have been provided for the following qualifications: BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Award in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Extended Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Diploma in Sport. The sample test demonstrates some of the mechanisms used within an onscreen test. Unit 7: Anatomy and Physiology for Sports Performance The SAMs for this external unit have been provided for the following qualifications: BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Extended Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Diploma in Sport. The sample test demonstrates some of the mechanisms used within an onscreen test. As the Award is nested within the Certificate and Extended Certificate, we have adopted the convention of titling external assessments for the smallest award for which they are available across the whole BTEC first suite. This is the same convention used for AS/GCE which is also a nested qualification. 1

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7 Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise - sample assessment test and mark scheme This sample assessment test and mark scheme is for the following qualifications: BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Award in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Extended Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Diploma in Sport. The sample assessment test is available online at 3

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9 General marking guidance All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than be penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme, not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks in the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. Where some judgment is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate s response, the team leader must be consulted. 5

10 1 Frequency 2 (a) Ballistic (b) Flexibility 3 Progressive Overload Reversibility 1 mark for each correct answer 4 Bicep curl(s) Accept: arm curl(s) or dumbbell curl(s) Do not accept curl (s) Squat(s) Accept any other appropriate phonetic spellings. 5 (a) 1.74² = (1.74 x 1.74) = = mark for each correct stage (b) (Malcolm s result suggests he is) overweight (c) Units are kg/m² 6 (a) 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (b) 14 to 18 1 mark for both correct answers 6

11 7 Photo A Passive Photo B Active 1 mark for each correct answer 8 Illinois Agility Run Test 9 (a) 20 reps (b) 75% 1RM and 12 reps (2) 1 mark for each correct answer 10 (a) Right hand and Right foot (2) 1 mark for each correct answer (b) 1 mark for each point: (3) - Fat Free Mass (bone, muscle, everything that is not fat) lets the current through - Fat Mass does not let current through so well (impedance) - Therefore, the higher the resistance, the higher the percent body fat of the individual 11 Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (technique) Accept PNF Accept any other appropriate phonetic spellings Do not accept Flexibility 7

12 12 (a) Continuous training (b) Fartlek (training) Accept Fartlek 13 (a) 195 bpm (b) Lower HR training zone: 60% x 180 = 108 bpm Upper HR training zone: 85% x 180 = 153 bpm 1 mark for each 14 Male = 16(%) Female = 20(%) Accept answers within the range (%) 15 Any 2 marks from: (2) Plyometric training means undergoing sports-specific exercises, that prepare muscles for power-related explosive movements, preparing the muscles for movements that would be needed in the actual sports activity To perform these exercises a performer needs to exert maximal force, during which the muscle lengthens (eccentric action) followed by muscle shortening (concentric action) Award 1 mark for each of eccentric action and concentric action Award a maximum of 1 mark for reference to muscle lengthening and muscle shortening only 8

13 16 Up to 2 marks for each explanation from: (4) - Lines are approximately 20 metres apart. Lines should be exactly 20 metres apart (for test to be valid) - Players turn and run back as soon as they reach the other line. (In order for the test to be valid) they need to turn in-time with the bleeps/wait on the line for the bleep before turning - Players can t hear the bleeps very well on the audiotape. This could mean they aren t running in time with the bleeps/are not keeping up with the bleeps (which means test method is not valid) - Players drop out when they don t want to do anymore. The multistage fitness test is a maximal test. (In order for the test to be valid), players should only drop out when they can no longer (physically) continue/have reached maximal exertion - Invalid test method due to issues with distance/bleeps/pacing and whether maximal exertion is reached. Therefore level and shuttle recorded are invalid and so invalid prediction of VO 2 max (aerobic endurance) 17 Any 3 points from: (3) - so that a player can change direction precisely and quickly, without losing time, or their balance - so that a player can quickly get up from the ground - so that a player can (gain competitive advantage) get away from an opponent Do not accept answers relating to non-outfield players, ie goalkeepers 9

14 Question Indicative content 18 Advantages: Minimal cost involved to administer the test Can test large numbers of participants at once Test doesn t require calibration of equipment Specificity of the step test favours sports performers who make endurance demands of the leg muscle groups (eg cyclists/runners) easy test method to administer.. Disadvantages: Validity and reliability of the test depends on correct stepping technique, which can be difficult to maintain, and can be affected by: - length of participants legs - using a standard bench height for the method for all participants (leading to inefficient hip angles for stepping) - not achieving correct leg extension (as participant steps up onto the bench) Participant might not keep up with the set stepping rate (dictated by a metronome) Participant might have difficulty in taking their own pulse The step test is not suitable for all populations, eg elderly Specificity of the step test favours sports performers who make endurance demands of the leg muscle groups (eg cyclists/runners).. Level s Descriptor 0 No rewardable material A few key points identified, or one point described in some detail. The answer is likely to be in the form of a list. Only one viewpoint considered. Points made will be superficial/generic and not applied/directly linked to the situation in the question Some points identified, or a few key points described. Consideration of more than one viewpoint but there will be more emphasis on one of them. The answer is unbalanced. Most points made will be relevant to the situation in the question, but the link will not always be clear Range of points described, or a few key points explained in depth. All sides of the case are considered and the answer is well-balanced, giving weight to all viewpoints. The majority of points made will be relevant and there will be a clear link to the situation in the question. 10

15 Unit 7: Anatomy and Physiology for Sports Performance - sample assessment test and mark scheme This sample assessment test and mark scheme is for the following qualifications: BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Extended Certificate in Sport BTEC Level 1/Level 2 First Diploma in Sport. The sample assessment test is available online at 11

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17 General ing Guidance All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate s response, the team leader must be consulted. 13

18 Answer Question 1 Joints between vertebrae 2 (a) When a muscle shortens in length and develops Tension (b) Biceps during the downward movement of bicep curl Question Answer 3 Voluntary muscle: any location of skeletal muscle, eg arm accept specific skeletal muscle, eg bicep Involuntary muscle: intestine OR stomach Cardiac muscle: heart do not accept chest 4 Trapezius Hamstrings Gastrocnemius 1 mark for each correct answer 5 (a) A - Cervical B - Coccyx 1 mark for each correct answer 14

19 6 (a) Biceps (b) Triceps (c) Any of the following pairs (must be correct antagonistic muscle pair) Quadriceps AND Hamstrings Rectus abdominis (accept abdominals) AND Erector Spinae Pectoralis major AND Trapezius 1 mark for both correct answers 7 tendons lubricate 1 mark for each correct answer 8 Any 2 points from: are fast contracting, recruited at a high intensity used for all-out/maximal physical exertion of an activity like sprinting produce high force in a short period of time contributing to greater sprinting speed (2) Do not accept any explanation of a negative characteristic, eg fatigues fast (Answer must be an explanation). 15

20 Question 9 (a) Answer shows light force, and low % recruitment of muscle fibres/only Type I muscle fibres are recruited good for long endurance events, eg cross country running (2) (b) shows increase in % recruitment of muscle fibre types/indicating a ramp-like recruitment of both Type I and Type IIa good for middle distance events, eg 800m swimming events (2) 10 (a) Any 2 points from: small embedded in tendons present where a tendon passes over joint (2) 1 mark for each point, up to a maximum of 2 (b) 2 explanations from: ensures supple movement by absorbing stress/shock (only accept once ie stress or shock) enables a smooth action between joint surfaces by separating bones helps prevent injury/damage by preventing hyperextension 2 x (1 mark for function + 1 mark for justification) (4) 16

21 11 The white area shows the selectable area for the Septum. 12 Trachea Bronchus Alveoli 1 mark for each correct answer 17

22 13 (a) Any of the following structural characteristics: thick muscle wall (or equivalent) thick elastic wall arteries don t have valves (b) One function from: (mostly) carry oxygenated blood carry blood away from heart carry blood under high pressure 14 (a) Gaseous exchange (b) 3 stages/points, to include: Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (accept exchange of O2 and CO2) through the cell membrane (via diffusion) of the alveoli 1 mark for each stage/point, up to a maximum of 3 (3) 15 Any 4 points from: blood vessels (arterioles) under the skin increase in diameter (or dilate) increased blood flow (to capillaries under the skin) so more heat carried by the blood to the skin heat is lost through the skin via radiation (4) 1 mark for each point, up to a maximum of 4. 18

23 16 General principles of movement: The front somersault is possible due to movements at joints caused by a series of concentric muscle contractions. In order for a concentric muscle contraction to occur bringing about movement there must be a series of antagonistic muscle contractions. (4) In relation to specific joint movements: To initiate movement the trampolinist uses muscles to apply force against the trampoline, they achieve this by flexing the leg at the knee joint, which is achieved by the agonist action of the hamstrings and the antagonist action of the quadriceps The trampolinist can gain height through movement of the arms. The trampolinist flexes the arms at the elbow in the initial movement, this is achieved through contraction of the biceps (agonist) and the triceps lengthens (antagonist) Once the trampolinist leaves the bed they need to change shape to allow time to complete the movement. They move from a straight position to pike by contracting the hip flexors. For this movement to occur the gluteus maximus must relax. At this point in the sequence, there is also flexion of the spine, which is achieved by contraction of the abdominals There is flexion at the shoulder to allow the arms to move back towards the body, this movement is achieved through contraction of the deltoids Other joint actions/movements/muscle groups involved in performing a somersault include: Extension at the elbow joint/arms straighten/contraction of triceps and relaxation of biceps Extension at the hip joint/opening out of the body in preparation for landing/contraction of gluteus maximus Plantarflexion of the ankle joint/pointing of toes for good movement/contraction of gastrocnemius 19

24 Level Descriptor s Level 0 No material worthy of credit 0 Level 1 A limited number of smaller parts are identified, with major areas missing. Not all identified parts are described, and those that are treated superficially. 1-3 Level 2 Level 3 Parts are treated in isolation and relationships are not explored. The topic has been broken down into smaller parts, but the identification of some of these might not be clear, or the detail of the analysis is either too fine or too coarse. Parts are either all described, or one part is explained in detail with little comment on any others. Some relationships are described, but not in any detail, and it is not clear which ones are more important than others. The topic is broken down and a number of smaller parts are clearly identified. Parts are either explained in detail or described, according to their relative importance. Relationships between different parts are explained, both in terms of how they interact with each other and their relative importance

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