Nervous System. dlpawi3rc. /braingames/?gclid=cmlusmphpmscfuigfgo

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1 Nervous System dlpawi3rc /braingames/?gclid=cmlusmphpmscfuigfgo draykfg&gclsrc=aw.ds

2 The Teen brain

3 Word parts: Using the packets fill in your Word parts chart

4 Nervous vocab Breakdown Using your word part chart break down these words: Cerebellum Cerebrospinal fluid Interneurons Intracranial Myelography Polyneuritis

5 Nervous vocab corrections Afferent - sensory Autonomic Nervous System - involuntary nerves Brainstem: maintains the heart beat, respiration and BP Cerebellum: directs coordination, muscle tone, equilibrium Cerebrum: largest area of the brain Cerebral Spinal Fluid - fluid contained in the brain s ventricles, intracranial spaces, and central canal of the spinal cord Dementia: Organic loss of intellectual function Diencephalon: contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus. Regulates and coordinates the activity o the ANS, controls hormone secretion and appetite Efferent - motor neurons Epilepsy: transient disturbances of brain function Impulse; sudden pushing force Intracranial: situated within the cranium Interneurons - connecting nerves that carry messages from afferent nerves to efferent nerves Ischemia - insufficient blood to a body part caused by functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

6 Meninges: three membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord Myelography: radiographs of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium Neurotransmitter - chemical messenger, released from the axon of one neuron, that travels to another nearby neuron Neuron: highly specialized basic element of nervous system Polarity: specialization of a nerve cell determining the flow of impulses Polyneuritis: inflammation of many nerves at once Paralysis - a loss of movement and sensation in a part of the body Reflex - an involuntary action in response to a stimulus ADD TO LIST AT BOTTOM: Somatic Nervous System - voluntary nerves Stimulus - any substance or action that produces a response Synapse - space between two neurons

7 Vocab review Row review:

8 Brain games: Reflexes! In LAB groups

9 Intro to Cranial Nerves # Name Function I Olfactory Smell II Optic vision III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size

10 Bell Ringer Right foot makes a clockwise circle in the air at the same time draw a 6 in the air with your finger. Can you do it?

11 Intro to Cranial Nerves # Name Function I Olfactory Smell II Optic Vision III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size IV Trochlear Rotate eyes V Trigeminal Facial and head sensation VI Abducens Move eyes laterally VII Facial Controls facial expression, taste

12 Brain reading Guiding Questions

13 1. How many impulses per second can a nerve send? (1 st page) 2. A nerve cell can be described as a spider. Look at the picture, what else does it look like? 3. (2 nd pg, 2 nd paragraph) The 12 million nerve cells are described as a highway that are all connected. What child hood game could you relate this to? 4. What is a funny bone??? 5. What part of your brain makes logical thought (don t punch that kid) 6. Define reflex: think of this morning, did a reflex bypass occur? 7. Talk and give examples of the 3 types of memory 8. Look at the last paragraph (Amazing facts) Which one is your favorite. Can you add to them?

14 Video: teenage brain: Sci Show

15 Neuron Anatomy

16 Nervous System Outline Health Occupations

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18 Nervous System Functions Directs the functions of all human body systems 100 Billion Nerve cells Carry messages from brain to rest of body

19 Neurons The basic element of nervous system Highly specialized Vary in function, shape, and size Separated by synapses Gaps in between each neuron Neurotransmitters Stimulates impulse to jump to next nerve

20 Neurons 3 Parts Cell Body Have fibers to reach out to send or receive impulses Dendrites Thin branching extensions of cell body Conduct nerve impulses to cell body Axon Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body Covered by a myelin sheath Fatty tissue that makes impulse travel faster End of axon has fibers that let the impulse leave the nerve

21 Neurons 2 Basic Properties Excitability Ability to respond to a stimulus Conductivity Ability to transmit a signal

22 Video: Neuron Anatomy/Function

23 Neurons 3 Types Efferent (motor) Carry information to muscles and glands from CNS Afferent (sensory) Carry information from sensory system to CNS Interneurons Carry and process sensory information

24 Neuroglias Support, connect, protect, and remove debris Do not transmit impulses Form blood-brain barrier Permits some chemical substances to reach the brain s neurons but blocks most others

25 Neuroglia video

26 Brain games: # s 4,5,8 In LAB groups

27 Intro to Cranial Nerves # Name Function I Olfactory Smell II Optic Vision III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size IV Trochlear Rotate eyes V Trigeminal Facial and head sensation VII Fascial Controls facial expressions, taste VIII Acoustic Hearing and balance IX glossopharyngeal Taste and swallowing X vagus Speech and swallowing

28 Brain anatomy Midbrain 9 10

29 Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of: Brain Spinal cord Center of Control

30 CNS Functions Receives and interprets all stimuli Sends nerve impulses to instruct muscles and glands to take over or respond to certain actions Causes Voluntary and Involuntary actions

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32 Brain Divisions Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Diencephalon

33 Brain Stem Midbrain Visual and auditory reflexes Pons Controls certain respiratory functions (breathing) Medulla Oblongata Regulates heart & lung functions (BP and Respiration) Swallowing Vomiting Coughing sneezing

34 Cerebellum Coordinates voluntary musculoskeletal movement Maintains balance Posture Muscle tone

35 Cerebrum 2 hemispheres Left and Right Cerebral Cortex Conscious decision making Four Lobes Frontal Moral Behavior, voluntary motor movements, personality, memory, reasoning, emotion Parietal Controls and interprets senses and taste, understanding speech, choosing words Temporal Memory, equilibrium, emotion, hearing, memory of music and visual scenes Occipital Vision, interpretation

36 Diencephalon Deep portion of brain Contains: Thalamus Hypothalamus Relay center for sensations Controls: Heart rate Blood pressure Temperature regulation Water and electrolyte balance Digestive functions Glandular activities

37 REVIEW! Functions of neuron and all parts of the brain

38 Brain Puzzle In lab groups: Put together puzzle and labeling cards Can correct with Nervous packet once I have said you may. Answers slide 84

39 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Fills the area between the brain and cranium Watery fluid that contains various compound Cradles and cushions brain

40 Spinal Cord Extends from base of brain to first lumbar vertebrae in back Protected by: Cerebrospinal fluid Vertebral column Meninges 3 layers of membranes that cover brain and spinal cord

41 Meninges Dura Mater (outer layer) Tough, fibrous Contains channels for blood to enter brain tissue Arachnoid Mater (middle layer) Web-like structure Pia Mater (innermost layer) Contains blood vessels that nourish spinal cord

42 Video: Sensory and motor/cns

43 Peripheral Nervous System 12 Cranial Nerves Carry impulses to and from the brain 31 pairs of spinal nerves Carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities of the body

44 Peripheral Nervous System 2 Subsystems according to function Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

45 Somatic Nervous System Receive and process sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears Excite voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles

46 Autonomic Nervous System Carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membranes Stimulates organs, glands and senses by stimulating secretions of substances Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

47 Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Operates when the body is under stress Activates responses necessary to react in dangerous or abnormal situations Fight or Flight response Parasympathetic Operates to keep the body in homeostasis under normal conditions

48 The End

49 Brain games: # s In LAB groups

50 Cranial nerves: Concussion skit

51 Cranial Nerves Health Occ

52 Nerve Cranial Nerve I Olfactory Function Smell Test Have them smell something

53 Cranial Nerve II Nerve Optic Function Vision Test See the scoreboard? How many fingers am I holding up?

54 Cranial Nerve III Nerve Occulomotor Function Move eyes, focus, pupil size Test Use penlight for pupil reaction Look at shape of pupil

55 Cranial Nerve IV Nerve Trochlear Function Rotate Eyes Test Follow finger

56 Cranial Nerve V Nerve Trigeminal Function Facial and Head Sensation Test Touch Face

57 Cranial Nerve VI Nerve Abducens Function Move eyes laterally Test Follow finger from left to right

58 Cranial Nerve VII Nerve Facial Function Controls facial expressions, taste Test Make a funny face

59 Cranial Nerve VIII Nerve Acoustic Function Hearing and Balance Test Snap Fingers, balance

60 Cranial Nerves IX Nerve Glossopharyngeal Function Taste and Swallowing Test Have them taste something

61 Cranial Nerve X Nerve Vagus Function Speech and swallowing Test swallow

62 Cranial Nerve XI Nerve Spinal Accessory Function Move neck and back muscles Test Resist shoulder shrug

63 Cranial Nerve XII Nerve Hypoglossal Function Tongue movement Test Stick out tongue

64 Acronym On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fin And Greek Viewed Some Hops Can you think of one?

65 The man from Poland was doing some DIY in the garden when he slipped and fell face first onto his Phillips screwdriver. He fell with such force the tool was wedged 5cm into his forehead, narrowly missing his brain. Detecting a strange object near his eye, the man - who has chosen not to reveal his identity - took a look in his car mirror when he noticed the screwdriver lodged in his head. Nervous System Health Concerns

66 Alzheimer s Disease Etiology Progressive degeneration of neurons in brain S/S Deterioration in mental capacity Loss of memory, inability to use familiar objects, and understand outside stimuli Treatment No cure Keep brain active to help prevent it

67 CVA Etiology Strokes that affect the neurological system. Caused by loss of oxygen S/S Mental of physical dysfunction TX: Recover or cope, OT, learn how to walk again...

68 DOWN SYNDROME Etiology Mental retardation. Genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra chromosome S/S Short stature, short neck, broad hands, stubby fingers and toes, mental retardation TX: No cure

69 Encephalitis Etiology Inflammation of the brain from a viral infection, or spread of infection to brain Infection from measles, mumps, or chickenpox, herpes (type 1) S/S Fever, headache, seizures, weakness, visual disturbances, vomiting, stiff neck and back, disorientation Treatment Antiviral medications to prevent death

70 Meningitis Etiology Inflammation of the meninges Bacterial, or viral S/S Fever, headache, stiff neck Treatment Antibiotics Medications for symptoms

71 Parkinson s Disease Etiology Degeneration of nerves in the brain S/S Tremors, weakness of muscles, difficulty walking Treatment Drugs that increase levels of dopamine to help relieve symptoms No cure

72 sciatica Eti: Constant pain radiating from the back and buttocks to the leg caused by interverebral disc damage S/S: Pain down the leg and butt Tx: Stretching, controlling the pain

73 Spina Bifida Etiology A defect in the spinal cord in which the cord and/or its covering protrude outside the vertebrae congenital S/S Protrusion outside the skin Varying degrees of paralysis, lack of feeling and movement below protrusion Treatment surgery

74 Concussion Etiology Injury to the brain caused by impact (but not always) S/S Headache, noise and light sensitivity, dizziness, nystagmus Treatment No activity until symptom free for 24 hours Stress test and re-evaluation by Health

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76 Hydrocephalus Etiology An overproduction of CSF in the brain Congenital, or result of infection or tumor S/S Headache, swelling Treatment Drain the fluid through the use of a shunt

77 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Etiology Destruction of the myelin sheath S/S Muscle weakness, unsteady walking, parasthesia (tingling), extreme fatigue, paralysis Treatment No cure Medication to help slow and reduce symptoms

78 Cerebral Palsy Etiology Cerebral damage during gestation or birth S/S Lack of motor coordination, and other neurological deficiencies Treatment No cure

79 Epilepsy Etiology Abnormal conditions in the brain cause sudden excessive electrical activity S/S Chronic, recurrent seizure activity Petit Mal = momentary disorientation Grand Mal = convulsions, twitching of limbs, loss of consciousness Treatment Anti-seizure medication

80 Tourette s Syndrome Etiology Neurological dysfunction S/S Uncontrollable sounds and twitches Treatment Drugs to control symptoms

81 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig s Disease Etiology Degenerative disease of the motor neurons S/S Loss of muscle control Death Treatment Medications to relieve symptoms and complications, maintain muscle functions and movement, and delay paralysis and disability for as long as possible.

82 Hemiplegia Etiology Paralysis on one side of the body Usually due to a stroke S/S Unable to move one side or feel heat, cold, pressure, pain Drooping eyelid or side of face Treatment No cure

83 Paraplegia Etiology Paralysis from the waist down caused by accident/injury S/S Inability to move or feel distal to the injury sight Inability to control urine and bowel functions Treatment No cure

84 Quadriplegia Etiology Paralysis from the neck down Injury to the 4 th cervical vertebrae S/S Inability to move or feel distal to the injury Prone to respiratory and urinary tract infections Treatment No cure

85 PARIETAL: - UNDERSTANDING SPEECH - CHOOSING WORDS SENSORY: - SENSATIONS OF HEAT AND PAIN MOTOR: - CONTROLS MOVEMENT OCCIPITAL: - VISION AND INTERPRETATION CEREBELLUM: - COORDINATION OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT - BALANCE MEDULLA: - INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS - HEARTBEAT - BP - RESPIRATION - SWALLOWING PONS: - BREATHING MIDBRAIN: - VISUAL AND AUDITORY FRONTAL: - PERSONALITY, BEHAVIOR - MEMORY - REASONING, EMOTION TEMPORAL: - HEARING AND UNDERSTANDING SPEECH - MEMORY OF MUSIC, VISUAL SCENES

86 Practice quizzes

87 A. Frontal Lobe B. Motor C. Sensory D. Parietal lobe E. Occipital lobe F. Cerebellum G. Pons H. Medulla I. Midbrain J. Cerebrum K. Temporal lobe 1. understanding speech 2. breathing 3. personality, behavior 4. involuntary movements 5. vision and interpretation 6. reasoning and emotion 7. balance 8. respiration 9. heart beat 10. largest section 11. swallowing 12. memory 13. choosing words 14. BP 15. visual and auditory 16. memory of music, visual scenes 17. hearing and understanding speech 18. sensations of heat and pain

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89 Nervous System Compare & Contrast Health Occ

90 Own your own piece of paper, make a table that looks like the one below. CNS PNS Sympathetic Parasympathetic Sections of the Brain Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain Stem Sensory Cortex Motor Cortex Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe Pons Medulla Mid Brain

91 Put the following information into the appropriate section of the table. Contains the pons, medulla, and the midbrain Maintains heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure Controls movement Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Hearing and understanding speech and printed words Memory of music and visual scenes Contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus Stimulated in situations that require action; fight or flight reaction Control of involuntary movements Heartbeat, blood pressure Respirations, and swallowing Sensations of heat and pain Functions as the coordinator of the bodys full nervous system, contains nerves that control connections between impulses coming to and from brain and rest of the body Coordination of voluntary movement, balance Functions in response to normal, everyday situations Personality, behavior Memory, reasoning, emotion Breathing, relaying impulses between cerebellum and medulla Largest area and is divided into 2 hemispheres Vision and its interpretation Visual and auditory reflex Understanding speech, choosing words

92 Nervous system break down

93 On your desk/paper make your web: 3 types functions Neuron CNS PNS 3 structures divisions

94 Using the following word banks fill in your web SNS Cell body Afferent Interprets all stimuli Brainstem Sympathetic system ANS Axon Cerebrum Has voluntary and involuntary actions Diencephalon Dendrites Efferent Parasympathetic system Sends impulses to muscles and glands Interneurons cerebellum

95 Neuron CNS PNS

96 Break down the 4 divisions of the cerebrum: Midbrain Occipital thalamus Pons frontal Medulla oblongata Temporal hypothalamus parietal