Phylogenesis of the respiratory system

Transcription

1 Phylogenesis of the respiratory system 1. The totality of processes providing intake of oxygen into the organism, its usage and expelling of the carbon dioxide gas into the external medium is a) respiration b) shallow breathing c) internal breathing d) external breathing Comment [R1]: Comment [R2R1]: Comment [R3R2]: Comment [R4R3]: Comment [R5R4]: Comment [R6R5]: 2. Types of breathing a) internal, external b) internal, shallow c) external shallow d) intestinal, shallow 3. The exchange of gases between an organism and the environment taking place in the respiratory organs is a) shallow breathing b) intestinal breathing c) internal breathing d) external breathing 4. The exchange of gases between a cell and tissue fliud is a) shallow breathing b) intestinal breathing c) internal breathing d) external breathing 5. Name the types of external breathing a) shallow, external b) tissue, internal c) ectodermal, mesodermal d) shallow, intestinal

2 6. Name the origin of the shallow breathing a) ectodermal, mesodermal b) endodermal c) ectodermal d) mesodermal 7. Name the derivatives of the shallow breathing in Vertebrates a) gills, lung sacs, trachea b) gills, trachea c) lung sacs, lungs d) gills, trachea, lungs 8. Name the characteristic of the shallow breathing a) it is performed through the skin surface b) it is performed through the fragment of the alimentary tube c) takes place in bronchi d) it is performed in the upper respiratory tracts 9. Name the origin of the intestinal breathing a) ectodermal, mesodermal b) endodermal c) ectodermal d) mesodermal 10. Name the characteristic of the intestinal breathing a) it is performed through the skin surface b) it is performed through the fragment of the alimentary tube c) takes place in bronchi d) it is performed in the upper respiratory tracts 11. The derivatives of the intestinal breathing a) lungs of Vertebrates b) lungs of Amphibia c) gills, lung sacs of Mammals

3 d) gills, lung sacs of Invertebrates 12. Name the organ homologous to the lung of Amphibia a) float of the dipnoan fish b) gills of Invertebrates c) lungs of Reptiles d) trachea of Vertebrates 13. Respiratory organs of Amphibia a) trachea b) gills, lung sacs c) sac-like lungs with some short septa d) spongoid lungs 14. Peculiarities of structure of lungs of Amphibia a) thin-walled sac-like lungs with many short septa b) dense, spongoid lungs c) thin-walled sac-like lungs with some short septa d) cellular lungs 15. The amount of oxygen that enters through the lungs of Amphibia a) 100% b) 60-70% c) 30-40% d) all amount enters through the skin 16. Differentiation of the pneumatic tracts of Amphibia a) trachea, two bronchi b) bronchial tube c) trachea d) poorly differentiated 17. Respiratory organs of Reptiles a) sac-like lungs

4 b) cellular lungs c) alveolar lungs d) trachea 18. Peculiarities of structure of lungs of Reptiles a) thin-walled sac-like with some short septa b) dense, spongoid c) divided into chambers by septa (cellular) d) alveolar 19. The amount of oxygen that enters through the lungs of Reptiles а) 100% b) 60-70% c) 30-40% d) all amount enters through the skin 20. Differentiation of the pneumatic tracts of Reptiles a) trachea, two bronchi b) bronchial tube c) trachea d) poorly differentiated 21. Respiratory organs of Birds a) sac-like lungs b) cellular lungs c) alveolar lungs d) spongoid lungs 22. Peculiarities of structure of lungs of Birds a) thin-walled sac-like with some short septa b) dense, spongoid consisting of the tube bronchi c) divided into chambers by septa (cellular) d) alveolar, bronchial tree is present

5 23. Name the structures of the Bird s respiratory organs where the gas exchange takes place a) lung sacs b) parabronchi c) bronchi d) brochioles 24. Double respiration in Birds is a) gas exchange taking place in trachea and bronchi b) gas exchange taking place in bronchi and alveoli c) gas exchange taking place in the upper respiratory tracts and lungs d) gas exchange taking place during inhalation and exhalation 26. Name the animal class for which the phenomenon of double respiration is peculiar a) Birds b) Mammals c) Reptiles, Birds d) Amphibia 27. Respiratory organs of Mammals a) sac-like lungs b) cellular lungs c) alveolar lungs d) spongoid lungs 28. Peculiarities of structure of lungs of Mammals a) thin-walled sac-like with some short septa b) dense, spongoid consisting of the tube bronchi c) divided into chambers by septa (cellular) d) alveolar, bronchial tree is present

6 29. Name the structures of the Mammals respiratory organs where the gas exchange takes place a) bronchial tree b) parabronchi c) alveoli d) bronchioles 30. The surface of Mammalians lungs in... times larger than the body surface a) 2 b) c) 1000 d) The ventilation of Mammalians lungs goes with the help of a) skin b) bronchi, pleura c) diaphragm d) intercostal muscles, diaphragm 32. One of the basic trends of the evolution of the human respiratory system is a) appearance of lung sacs b) enlargement of the gas exchange surface c) diaphragm hypoplasia d) appearance of the internal respiration 33. One of the basic trends of the evolution of the human respiratory system is a) appearance of lung sacs b) appearance of the internal respiration c) appearance of trachea d) differentiation of the respiratory tracts

7 34. One of the basic trends of the evolution of the human respiratory system is a) appearance of the additional organs of respiration b) appearance of the internal respiration c) diaphragm hypoplasia d) appearance of gills 35. Name the malformations of the human respiratory system due to phylogenetic reasons a) trachea-lung respiration b) broncho-pulmonary cysts c) double respiration d) gills respiration 36. Name the malformations of the human respiratory system due to phylogenetic reasons a) double respiration b) gills respiration c) hypoplasia of a lung d) Botallo s duct patency 37. Name the malformations of the human respiratory system due to phylogenetic reasons a) hypoplasia of a diaphragm b) Botallo s duct patency c) double respiration d) trachea-lung respiration 38. Name the malformations of the human respiratory system due to phylogenetic reasons a) oesophagotracheal fistulas b) trachea-lung respiration c) double respiration d) gills respiration

8 39. Cavities in lungs that are limited with a connective tissue membrane a) broncho-pulmonary cysts b) oesophagotracheal fistulas c) hypoplasia of a lung d) hypoplasia of a diaphragm 40. Maldevelopments of trachea and oesophagus a) broncho-pulmonary cysts b) oesophagotracheal fistulas c) hypoplasia of a lung d) hypoplasia of a diaphragm Phylogenesis of the circulatory system 1. Name the first organisms with the circulatory system a) Fishes b) Arthropoda c) Lancelet d) Annelides 2. Name one of the reasons of the circulatory system appearance a) aromorphosis b) heteromorphosis c) appearance of coelom d) ground way of living 3. Name one of the reasons of the circulatory system appearance a) heteromorphosis b) appearance of the local respiratory organs c) ground way of living d) aromorphosis 4. The circulatory system of Lancelet is

9 a) closed b) unclosed c) 3-chamber heart d) 2-chamber heart 5. The characteristic of the circulatory system of Lancelet a) 3-chamber heart b) unclosed c) 2-chamber heart d venosus f) abdominal aorta and sinus unction as a heart 6. The quantity of bronchial arteries in the Lancelet s circulatory system a) 10 b) 100 c) 6 d) 7 7. Peculiarities of structure of bronchial arteries of the Lancelet s circulatory system a) they are reduced b) start from sinus venosus c) they are branched into capillaries d) they are not branched 8. The characteristic of the circulatory system of Fishes a) unclosed, 2-chamber he c) 2-chamber heart d) closed, heart is absent 9. Name the chambers of Fishes heart a) 2 atrium and a ventricle b) an atrium and 2 ventricles c) an atrium and a ventricle d) 2 atrium and 2 ventricles

10 10. Peculiarities of structure of gill arteries of the Fishes circulatory system a) reduced b) start from sinus venosus c) branched into capillaries d) not branched 11. Name the quantity of pairs of gill arteries of the Fishes circulatory system, laid in embryogenesis a) 100 b) 10 c) 8 d) Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Fishes circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis remain as sublingual and submaxillary and 4 th pairs c) 6 th and 7 th pairs d) 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th, 6 th 13. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Fishes circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the gill arteries and 4 th pairs c) 6 th and 7 th pairs d) 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th, 6 th 14. Name the Class of animals, in which the renal portal first appeared a) Lancelet b) Fishes c) Amphibia

11 d) Reptiles 15. Name the Class of animals, in which the pulmonary circulation first appeared a) Lancelet b) Fishes c) Amphibia d) Reptiles 16. The characteristic of the circulatory system of Amphibia a) unclosed, 2-chamber heart b) 3-chamber heart c) 2-chamber heart d) closed, heart is absent 17. Name the chambers of Amphibia s heart a) 2 atrium and a ventricle b) an atrium and 2 ventricles c) an atrium and a ventricle d) 2 atrium and 2 ventricles 18. Contents of blood in carotid arteries of Amphibia a) venous b) mixed c) partly mixed d) arterial 19. Contents of blood in arches of aorta of Amphibia a) venous b) mixed c) 95% arterial d) arterial 20. Contents of blood in dermo-pulmonary of Amphibia a) venous b) mixed

12 c) partly mixed d) arterial 21. Name the quantity of pairs of gill arteries of the Amphibia s circulatory system, laid in embryogenesis a) 100 b) 10 c) 7 d) Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Amphibia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the carotid arteries 23. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Amphibia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the arches of aorta 24. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Amphibia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the dermopulmonary arteries

13 25. Name the vessels the carotid duct in embryogenesis connects a) aorta arches b) carotid arteries c) aorta arches and dermo-pulmonary arteries d) aorta arches and carotid arteries 26. Name the vessels the Botallo s duct in embryogenesis connects a) aorta arches b) carotid arteries c) aorta arches and dermo-pulmonary arteries d) aorta arches and carotid arteries 27. The characteristic of the circulatory system of Reptiles a) closed, 2-chamber heart b) 3-chamber heart, ventricle is separated with incomplete septum c) unclosed, heart is absent d) 3-chamber heart, ventricle is separated with complete septum 28. Name the chambers of Reptiles heart a) 2 atrium and a ventricle b) an atrium and 2 ventricles c) an atrium and a ventricle d) 2 atrium and a ventricles with incomplete septum 29. Contents of blood in the right aorta arch of Reptiles a) venous b) mixed c) partly mixed d) arterial 30. Contents of blood in the left aorta arch of Reptiles a) venous

14 b) mixed c) partly mixed d) arterial 31. Contents of blood in the pulmonary arteries of Reptiles a) venous b) mixed c) partly mixed d) arterial Comment [R7]: 32. Name the quantity of pairs of gill arteries of the Reptiles circulatory system, laid in embryogenesis a) 100 b) 10 c) 7 d) Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Reptiles circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the carotid arteries 34. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Reptiles circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the arches of aorta

15 35. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Amphibia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the pulmonary arteries 36. The characteristic of the circulatory system of Birds a) 4-chamber heart, left arch of aorta b) 3-chamber heart c) 3-chamber heart, ventricle is separated with incomplete septum d) 4-chamber heart, right arch of aorta 37. Name the vessels of the Birds heart that start from ventricles a) right arch of aorta and pulmonary artery b) left arch of aorta and pulmonary artery c) right and left archs of aorta d) right and left archs of aorta and pulmonary artery 38. Name the quantity of pairs of gill arteries of the Birds circulatory system, laid in embryogenesis a) 100 b) 10 c) 7 d) Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Birds circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the carotid arteries

16 40. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Birds circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the right arch of aorta 41. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Birds circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the pulmonary arteries 42. The characteristic of the circulatory system of Mammalia a) 4-chamber heart, left arch of aorta b) 3-chamber heart c) 3-chamber heart, ventricle is separated with incomplete septum d) 4-chamber heart, right arch of aorta 43. Name the vessels of the Mammalia s heart that start from ventricles a) right arch of aorta and pulmonary artery b) left arch of aorta and pulmonary artery c) right and left archs of aorta d) right and left archs of aorta and pulmonary artery

17 44. Name the quantity of pairs of gill arteries of the Mammalia s circulatory system, laid in embryogenesis a) 100 b) 10 c) 7 d) Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Mammalia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the carotid arteries 46. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Mammalia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the left arch of aorta 47. Name the pairs of gill arteries of the Mammalia s circulatory system, that by the end of embryogenesis form the pulmonary arteries

18 48. One of the basic trends of the evolution of the human circulatory system is а) appearance of heart and its chambers differentiation b) the increased number of the gill arteries c) appearance of the carotid duct d) appearance of the Botallo s duct 49. One of the basic trends of the evolution of the human circulatory system is а) appearance of the carotid duct b) reduction and modification of the gill arches c) the increased number of the gill arteries d) appearance of the Botallo s duct 50. One of the basic trends of the evolution of the human circulatory system is а) appearance of the Botallo s duct b) appearance of the carotid duct c) appearance and differentiation of the pulmonary circulation d) the increased number of the gill arteries 51. Congenital failure of the main heart vessels when the left and the right arches of aorta develop a) aortic ring b) Botallo s duct patency c) development the right arch of aorta d) general arterial trunck 52. Congenital cardio-vascular system failure when the vessel connecting the aorta arch with the pulmonary artery remains a) aortic ring b) Botallo s duct patency c) development the right arch of aorta

19 d) general arterial trunck 53. Congenital cardio-vascular system failure when instead of the left arch of aorta the right one develops a) aortic ring b) Botallo s duct patency c) development the right arch of aorta d) general arterial trunck 54. Congenital cardio-vascular system failure when the spiral septum between the left arch of aorta and the pulmonary artery doesn t develop a) aortic ring b) Botallo s duct patency c) development the right arch of aorta d) general arterial trunck 55. Congenital cardio-vascular system failure when the aorta starts from the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk from the left one a) transposition of aorta and pulmonary artery b) Botallo s duct patency c) development the right arch of aorta d) general arterial trunck