Curcumin Suppress Cardiac Fibroblasts Activities by Regulating Proliferation, Migration, and the Extracellular Matrix
|
|
- Esther Bridges
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Original Article Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30: Basic Science Curcumin Suppress Cardiac Fibroblasts Activities by Regulating Proliferation, Migration, and the Extracellular Matrix Cheng-Chih Chung, 1,2 Yu-Hsun Kao, 1,3 Jing-Ping Liou 4 and Yi-Jen Chen 1,2 Background: Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. It has been observed that curcumin has several cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether curcumin can attenuate cardiac fibroblasts activity. Methods and Results: We evaluated the migration, proliferation, collagen production, and transcription signaling in rat cardiac fibroblasts isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats (males, weighing g) that were or were not incubatedwithcurcumin(25 M) and the co-administration of transforming growth factor (TGF)- 1(10ng/ml)or angiotensin (Ang) II (100 nm) by a cell migration analysis, proliferation assay, and Western blot analysis. Compared to those without curcumin, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts exhibited lower migratory, proliferative abilities and collagen production at the baseline and after the co-administration of TGF- 1 or Ang II. Curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts had increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity in the presence of Ang II treatment. Curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts down-regulated phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Smad2/3 expression irrespective of TGF- 1 treatment. Curcumin also decreased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 levels in the presence of Ang II. Conclusions: Curcumin attenuated Akt, Smad2/3, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation which were mediated by TGF- 1 and angiotensin II. This resulted in decreased cardiac fibroblast activation and supports the assertion that curcumin is an effective antifibrotic agent which can be used to treat heart failure. Key Words: Angiotensin Curcumin Fibroblasts Heart failure Transforming growth factor INTRODUCTION Cardiac fibroblasts are the main contributors to the non-myocyte portion of myocardial tissues, 1 and cardiac Received: August 5, 2013 Accepted: October 4, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University; 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; 3 Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; 4 School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Yi-Jen Chen, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, or Jing-Ping Liou, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. a @ ms15.hinet.net (Yi-Jen Chen); jpl@tmu.edu.tw (Jing-Ping Liou). fibrosis plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. 2 Activated cardiac fibroblasts can transform into myofibroblasts 3 and demonstrate augmented proliferation, migration, and collagen-secretion abilities. 4,5 In response to myocardial injury, cardiac fibroblasts can also support the integrity of myocardial tissues by maintaining a balance between the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 6 During the initial phase of myocardial injury, degradation of the ECM due to increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression is dominant. 3 During the later phase, net ECM deposition by enhanced collagen and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) is dominant. 3,7 The net accumulation of ECM in the myocardium and activation of cardiac fibroblasts are major features of cardiac fibro- Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
2 Effects of Curcumin on Cardiac Fibroblasts sis. 3,8,9 However, a more comprehensive understanding as to the regulation of cardiac fibroblasts remains incomplete. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol accounting for the yellow color of turmeric (a curry spice), is widely used in Asian countries 10 and has a diverse range of molecular targets; it was proposed to possess therapeutic potential due its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic effects. 11,12 Curcumin ameliorated the left ventricle (LV) function in pressure-overloaded rabbits through inhibiting myocardial collagen remodeling. 13 It attenuated type I collagen production in amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. 14 Curcumin suppressed hepatic fibrosis in a rodent model by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation. 15 It also improved renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy in rats. 16 Neverthless, the effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin on cardiac fibroblasts have not yet been evaluated. Transforming-growth factor (TGF)- and angiotensin (Ang) II are two main partners in fibroblast activation. 17 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that curcumin can regulate activation of cardiac fibrosis through modulating TGF- and Ang II signaling. METHODS Isolation of cardiac fibroblasts Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing g) using a modified version of a previously described method. 18,19 After anesthetization with an isoflurane overdose, the rat hearts were rapidly removed and mounted on a Langendorff apparatus to perfuse them with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.02% collagenase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37 C for 35 minutes. The LV was excised and gently shaken in PBS until single fibroblasts were obtained. Cells were filtered through a 40- m cell strainer and then centrifuged at 300 g for 10 minutes. Isolated cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco s modified Eagle s medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Before each assay, cardiac fibroblasts were cultured with serum-free medium for 24 hours. Cardiacfibroblastsfrompassage1wereusedintheexperiments with curcumin (25 M), TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml), or Ang II (100 nm). Cell migration analysis Cardiac fibroblast cell migration was assessed by a wound-healing assay 19 through scraping a cell monolayer with a P200 pipette tip in 6-well culture plates treatedwithcurcumin(25 M), TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml), or Ang II (100 nm) for 24 hours. Each gap length was analyzed by SPOT software (Diagnostic Instruments, SterlingHeights,MI,USA)andcalculatedfrom12averaged regions. The net migration distance after 24 h was subtracted from that at the baseline. Proliferation assay Cardiac fibroblasts proliferation was measured using a commercial MTS kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). 19 Cells were plated in a 96-well culture dish at a density of 3000 cells/well. After growing to 50% confluence, cells were cultured with serum-free medium for 24 hours. Cell growth was analyzed using the MTS reagent, which was added 4 hours before performing the spectrophotometric analysis. Picro-Sirius red staining Staining was carried out as previously described. 20 After growing to confluence, cells were cultured in serum-free medium with and without (control) administration of curcumin, TGF- 1, or Ang II for 24 hours. Cardiac fibroblasts were fixed in methanol, and incubated in a Sirius red staining solution (Biocolor, Belfast, Northern Ireland) as per the manufacturer s instructions. A bright-field image was obtained with a 10 objective lens. Zymographic analysis of MMP activity MMP-2 activity was quantified by a zymographic analysis. 21 In brief, supernatants were collected and concentrated in a freeze-dryer from cardiac fibroblasts with curcumin (25 M), TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml), or Ang II (100 nm) for 24 hours. Concentrated supernatants were mixed with Tris-glycine sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sample buffer (1 M Tris-HCl at ph 6.8, glycerol, SDS, and bromophenol blue) and loaded into 7.5% SDS gels containing 1 mg/ml gelatin. After electrophoresis, the gels were incubated with renaturing buffer (2.5% Triton X-100) with gentle agitation for 30 minutes. Then, the renaturing buffer was replaced with fresh developing buffer (50 mm Trizma hydrochloride and 5 mm calcium 475 Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
3 Cheng-Chih Chung et al. chloride dihydrate), and the mixture was incubated at 37 C for at least 4 hours. The gels were stained with 0.5% Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 in acetic acid/ methanol/distilled water for at least 30 min. Then, the gels were destained in a 10% acetic acid and 50% methanol solution until the bands were clear. Finally, the gels were photographed, and the active form of MMP-2 was quantified with an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) andanalyzedwithalphaeasefcsoftware(alphainnotech, San Leandro, CA, USA). Targeted bands were normalized to the protein concentration of the cell lysate. Western blot analysis The procedure of Western blotting was as described previously. 22 Cardiac fibroblasts were homogenized and lysed in RIPA buffer containing 50 mm Tris at ph 7.4, 150 mm NaCl, 1% NP40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, and protease inhibitor cocktails (Sigma). The protein concentration was determined with a Bio-Rad protein assay reagent (Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA, USA). Proteins were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and electrophoretically transferred onto an equilibrated polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Amersham Biosciences, Buckinghamshire, UK). Blots were probed with primary antibodies against TGF- receptor type I (TGF R1, Millipore), Ang II type I receptor (AT1R, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Smad2/3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), protein kinase B (Akt) (Cell Signaling Technology), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 (Santa- Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. Bound antibodies were detected with the ECL detection system (Millipore) and analyzed with ALPHAEASEFC software (Alpha Innotech). Targeted bands were normalized to cardiac sarcomeric actin (Sigma) to confirm equal protein loading. Statistical analysis All quantitative data are expressed as the mean SEM. An unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post-hoc Tukey s test were used to compare cardiac fibroblasts under different conditions. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Effects of curcumin on the proliferation, migration and collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts As shown in Figure 1, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts had a lower migratory ability than control fibroblasts. In addition, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts had less collagen production than control fibroblasts. The MTS assay showed that curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts also had lower proliferative capabilities than control fibroblasts (Figure 1C). A B C Figure 1. Effects of curcumin on proliferation, migration and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts at baseline condition. (A) Photographs of the migration assay of cardiac fibroblasts at the time of the initial scratch through confluent untreated fibroblasts (Pre-treatment) and 24 hours after the scratch was created (Post-treatment) with cardiac fibroblasts in the presence (25 M) and absence of curcumin. (B) Photographs of Picro-Sirius red staining of cardiac fibroblasts 24 h after treatmentinthepresence(25 M) and absence of curcumin. (C) Average data of the migration distance (n = 5 independent experiments), collagen production (n = 6 independent experiments), and the proliferation rate measured by MTS (n = 7 independent experiments) of cardiac fibroblasts in the presence (25 M) and absence of curcumin. *p < 0.01, # p< Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
4 Effects of Curcumin on Cardiac Fibroblasts Effects of curcumin on TGF- 1 s actions in cardiac fibroblasts InthepresenceofTGF- 1,asshowninFigure2, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts had a lower migratory ability than control fibroblasts. However, curcumin decreased the migratory ability of fibroblasts under stimulation with TGF- 1 (n = 5) to a lesser extent (37% 12% vs. 64% 2%, p < 0.05) than control fibroblasts without TGF- 1 (n = 5). Similarly, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts had less collagen production than control fibroblasts in the presence of TGF- 1 (Figure2). Curcumin attenuated collagen production to a similar extent (16% 4% vs. 15% 5%, p > 0.05) in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence (n = 4) and absence (n = 4) of TGF- 1. In addition, in the presence of TGF- 1, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts also exhibited decreased proliferative capabilities than control fibroblasts. Curcumin attenuated the proliferation to similar extents (46% 12% vs. 33% 5%, p > 0.05) in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence (n = 6) and absence (n =6)of TGF- 1. TGF R1 protein expressions in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence and absence of curcumin; nevertheless, curcumin significantly downregulated expressions of phosphorylated Smad2/3 and phosphorylated Akt (Figure 6). Curcumin significantly suppressed expressions of AT1R, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and phosphorylated Akt (Figure 7). A Effects of curcumin on the actions of Ang II in cardiac fibroblasts In the presence of Ang II, as shown in Figure 3, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts had a lower migratory ability compared to control fibroblasts. Similarly, curcumin-treated cardiac fibroblasts exhibited less collagen production and proliferation than control fibroblasts in the presence of Ang II (Figure 3). Curcumin attenuated the migration (60% 5%, n = 5), collagen production (39% 18%, n = 4), and proliferation (45% 4%, n = 6) in the presence of Ang II to similar extents compared to those without Ang II. Moreover, as shown in Figure 4, curcumin significantly decreased the suppressive effects of Ang II on MMP2 activity in cardiac fibroblasts. Curcumin s effects on TGF- and Ang II signaling There were similar levels of TGF R1 protein expression in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence and absence of curcumin; however, curcumin significantly downregulated phosphorylated Smad2/3 and phosphorylated Akt. Curcumin also significantly suppressed AT1R and phosphorylated ERK1/2 expressions (Figure 5). When co-stimulated with TGF- 1, there were similar levels of B C Figure 2. Effects of curcumin on proliferation, migration and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts when co-administration with transforming growth factor (TGF)- 1. (A) Photographs of the migration assay of cardiac fibroblasts at the time of the initial scratch through confluent untreated fibroblasts (Pre-treatment) and 24 hours after the scratch was created (Post-treatment) in the presence (25 M) and absence of curcumin with the co-administration of TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml). (B) Photographs of Picro-Sirius red staining of cardiac fibroblasts 24 h after treatment in the presence (25 M) and absence of curcumin with co-administration of TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml). (C) Average data of the migration distance (n = 5 independent experiments), the collagen production (n = 6 independent experiments), and the proliferation rate measured by MTS (n = 6 independent experiments) of cardiac fibroblasts in the presence (25 M) and absence of curcumin with the co-administration of TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml). *p < 0.05, # p < 0.01, p < Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
5 Cheng-Chih Chung et al. A B Figure 4. Effects of curcumin on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 protein expression and activity attenuated by angiotensin (Ang) II. Curcumin (25 M) significantly attenuated the suppressive effect of Ang II (100 nm) on MMP2 activity in cardiac fibroblasts (n = 5 independent experiments). *p < C Figure 3. Effects of curcumin on proliferation, migration and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts in the presence of angiotensin (Ang) II. (A) Photographs of the migration assay of cardiac fibroblasts at the time of the initial scratch through confluent untreated fibroblasts (Pre-treatment) and 24 hours after the scratch was created (Post-treatment) with (25 M) and without curcumin in the presence of Ang II (100 nm). (B) Photographs of Picro-Sirius red staining of cardiac fibroblasts 24 h after treatment with (25 M) and without curcumin in the presence of Ang II (100 nm). (C) Average data of the migration distance (n = 5 independent experiments), collagen production (n = 5 independent experiments), and the proliferation rate measured by MTS (n = 6 independent experiments) of cardiac fibroblasts with (25 M) and without curcumin in the presence of Ang II (100 nm). *p < 0.05, # p < DISCUSSION Curcumin was used in various studies of cardiovascular diseases in animals and humans. 23 Curcumin prevents diabetic oxidative heart damage by modulating NF- B signaling pathway. 24 In rats with myocardial infarction,curcuminimprovedsystolicfunctionandreduced myocardial hypertrophy in non-infarcted myocardium. 25 In this study, we found that curcumin changed the baseline cardiac fibroblast s proliferative, migratory, and collagen-producing abilities. These findings suggest that curcumin directly modulates cardiac fibroblast activity, which may contribute to the beneficial cardiovascular effects of curcumin. TGF- can augment the proliferative, migratory, and collagen-producing abilities of cardiac fibroblasts by inducing myofibroblast differentiation. 9,26,27 Ang II possesses profibrotic action and induces cardiac fibroblasts proliferation, increases ECM protein synthesis, decreases MMP activity, and increases TIMP activity. 18,28-32 In this study, curcumin attenuated the suppressive effect of Ang II on MMP2 activity, which may explain why collagen production significantly decreased in cardiac fibroblasts co-administered with curcumin and Ang II. Our findings highly support curcumin being able to regulate cardiac fibrosis by modulating the effects of TGF- 1 and Ang II. A previous report proved that curcumin can attenuate fibrotic signaling of TGF- in hepatic stellate cells by suppressing gene expressions of TGF- receptors. 33 It diminishes the proliferation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts by suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and the downstream signaling of TGF-. 34 We found that in cardiac fibroblasts, curcumin did not influence TGF- receptor expression but downregulated phosphorylated Smad2/3 protein expression. Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
6 Effects of Curcumin on Cardiac Fibroblasts We also found that curcumin suppressed phosphorylated Akt signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling, a downstream signal pathway of TGF- and Ang II, plays an important role in the cellular proliferation pathway of cardiac fibroblasts. 35,36 Curcumin was proven to inhibit leptin-induced hepatic stellate cell activation by interrupting Akt signaling. 37 Therefore, it is possible that curcumin can interfere with TGF- 1-induced cardiac Figure 5. Effects of curcumin on signal transduction in cardiac fibroblasts under baseline conditions. There were similar transforming growth factor (TGF)- receptor type 1 (TGF R1) (n = 6 independent experiments) protein expressions in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence (25 M) and absence of curcumin. Curcumin (25 M) significantly decreased phosphorylated Smad 2/3 (psmad2/3) (n = 6 independent experiments), angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT1R) (n = 7 independent experiments), phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (perk1/2) (n = 5 independent experiments), and phosphorylated Akt (pakt) (n = 7 independent experiments) protein expressions as determined by Western blotting. Expressions of the TGF R1, psmad2/3, AT1R, perk1/2, and pakt proteins were normalized to -actin as the internal control, and then normalized to the value of control cells. *p < 0.05, # p < 0.01, p < Figure 6. Effects of curcumin on signal transduction in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)- 1. When co-administered with TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml), there were similar TGF- receptor type 1 (TGF R1) (n = 6 independent experiments) protein expressions in cardiac fibroblasts with and without curcumin (25 M). However,inthepresenceofTGF- 1, curcumin significantly decreased phosphorylated Smad 2/3 (psmad2/3) (n = 3 independent experiments), and phosphorylated Akt (pakt) (n = 4 independent experiments) protein expressions as determined by Western blotting. Expressions of the TGF R1, psmad2/3, and pakt proteins were normalized to -actin as the internal control, and then normalized to the value of control cells. *p < Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
7 Cheng-Chih Chung et al. of viable myocardium in rats with experimental myocardial infarction. 38 In this study, we also found the direct inhibitory effects of curcumin in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. However, it is not clear whether the curcumin concentration (25 M) used in this study is relevant to that in the whole animal experiments. Curcumin can attenuate the effect of Ang II on the collagen I gene in aortas of transgenic mice. 39 Curcumin can also reduce Ang II-mediated cardiomyocyte growth by suppressing AT1R receptor expression. 40 In our study, curcumin downregulated AT1R receptor expression, and also inhibited phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression. These findings may explain curcumin s effects on Ang IIinduced cardiac fibroblasts activation. We evaluated the different responses of curcumin to TGF- 1 and Ang II and found that when co-stimulated with Ang II, curcumin decreased migration to a similar extent compared to fibroblasts without Ang II. However, inthepresenceoftgf- 1, curcumin decreased migration of fibroblasts to a lesser extent than control fibroblasts without TGF- 1. Curcumin had no significant effect on the TGF- receptor, which may explain the different responses of curcumin suppressing cell migratory abilities triggered by TGF- and Ang II. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, curcumin blocks TGF- and Ang II profibrotic effects on cardiac fibroblasts through opposing multiple downstream targets of both TGF- and Ang II signal pathways. The in vitro data provided here support the possibility that curcumin could be an effective antifibrotic agent for treating cardiac fibrosis. Figure 7. Effects of curcumin on signal transduction in cardiac fibroblasts in the presence of angiotensin (Ang) II. When co-administered with Ang II (100 nm), curcumin significantly decreased Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) (n = 7 independent experiments) and phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (perk1/2) (n = 7 independent experiments), and phosphorylated Akt (pakt) (n = 6 independent experiments) protein expressions. Expressions of the AT1R, perk1/2, and pakt proteins were normalized to -actin as the internal control, and then normalized to the value of control cells. *p < fibroblast activation by inhibiting multiple downstream signal pathways of TGF-. Wang et al. found that curcumin can reduce interstitial fibrosis and increase mass ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS None. FUNDING SOURCES This study was supported by a grant (101TMU-WFH- 13) from Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital and a research grant from Taiwan Society of Cardiology. Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
8 Effects of Curcumin on Cardiac Fibroblasts DISCLOSURES None. REFERENCES 1. Jugdutt BI. Ventricular remodeling after infarction and the extracellular collagen matrix: when is enough enough? Circulation 2003;108: Zannad F, Alla F, Dousset B, et al. Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: insights from the randomized aldactone evaluation study (RALES). Circulation 2000;102: Brown RD, Ambler SK, Mitchell MD, Long CS. The cardiac fibroblast: therapeutic target in myocardial remodeling and failure. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005;45: Burstein B, Libby E, Calderone A, Nattel S. Differential behaviors of atrial versus fentricular fibroblasts: a potential role for platelet-derived growth factor in atrial-ventricular remodeling differences. Circulation 2008;117: Squires CE, Escobar GP, Payne JF, et al. Altered fibroblast function following myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005;39: Camelliti P, Borg TK, Kohl P. Structural and functional characterisation of cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res 2005;65: Cleutjens JP, Kandala JC, Guarda E, et al. Regulation of collagen degradation in the rat myocardium after infarction. JMolCell Cardiol 1995;27: Weber KT, Janicki JS, Shroff SG, et al. Collagen remodeling of the pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied nonhuman primate myocardium. Circ Res 1988;62: Porter KE, Turner NA. Cardiac fibroblasts: at the heart of myocardial remodeling. Pharmacol Ther 2009;123: Kiuchi F, Goto Y, Sugimoto N, et al. Nematocidal activity of turmeric: synergistic action of curcuminoids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1993;41: Rao TS, Basu N, Siddiqui HH. Anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin analogues. Indian J Med Res 1982;75: Kunchandy E, Rao MNA. Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. Int J Pharm 1990;58: Yao QH, Wang DQ, Cui CC, et al. Curcumin ameliorates left ventricular function in rabbits with pressure overload: inhibition of the remodeling of the left ventricular collagen network associated with suppression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor- and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27: Punithavathi D, Venkatesan N, Babu M. Protective effects of curcumin against amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2003;139: Xu J, Fu Y, Chen A. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- contributes to the inhibitory effects of curcumin on rat hepatic stellate cell growth. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003;285:G Kuwabara N, Tamada S, Iwai T, et al. Attenuation of renal fibrosis by curcumin in rat obstructive nephropathy. Urology 2006;67: Leask A. Potential therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis: TGF, angiotensin, endothelin, CCN2, and PDGF, partners in fibroblast activation. Circ Res 2010;106: Brilla CG, Zhou G, Matsubara L, Weber KT. Collagen metabolism in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts: response to angiotensin II and aldosterone. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1994;26: Kao YH, Liou JP, Chung CC, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibition improved cardiac functions with direct antifibrotic activity in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2013;168: Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, et al. Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1. Eur Heart J 2012;33: StewartJrJA,CashattDO,BorckAC,etal.17 -estradiol modulation of angiotensin II-stimulated response in cardiac fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006;41: Kao YH, Chen YC, Cheng CC, et al. Tumor necrosis factor- decreases sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase expressions via the promoter methylation in cardiomyocytes. Crit Care Med 2010; 38: Ramirez Boscá A, Soler A, Carrión-Gutiérrez MA, et al. An hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa lowers the abnormally high values of human-plasma fibrinogen. Mech Ageing Dev 2000;114: Farhangkhoee H, Khan ZA, Chen S, Chakrabarti S. Differential effects of curcumin on vasoactive factors in the diabetic rat heart. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2006;3: Morimoto T, Sunagawa Y, Kawamura T, et al. The dietary compound curcumin inhibits p300 histone acetyltransferase activity and prevents heart failure in rats. J Clin Invest 2008;118: Petrov VV, Fagard RH, Lijnen PJ. Stimulation of collagen production by transforming growth factor- 1 during differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Hypertension 2002;39: Desmoulière A, Geinoz A, Gabbiani F, Gabbiani G. Transforming growth factor- 1 induces -smooth muscle actin expression in granulation tissue myofibroblasts and in quiescent and growing cultured fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 1993;122: Crabos M, Roth M, Hahn AW, Erne P. Characterization of angiotensin II receptors in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Coupling to signaling systems and gene expression. J Clin Invest 1994;93: Simm A, Diez C. Density dependent expression of PDGF-A modulates the angiotensin II dependent proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblasts. Basic Res Cardiol 1999;94: Peng J, Gurantz D, Tran V, et al. Tumor Necrosis Factor- -induced AT1 receptor upregulation enhances angiotensin II-mediated cardiac fibroblast responses that favor fibrosis. Circ Res 2002; 91: Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
9 Cheng-Chih Chung et al. 31. Jiang XY, Gao GD, Du XJ, et al. The signalling of AT2 and the influence on the collagen metabolism of AT2 receptor in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Acta Cardiol 2007;62: Lijnen P, Petrov V, van Pelt J, Fagard R. Inhibition of superoxide dismutase induces collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Hypertens 2008;21: Zheng S, Chen A. Disruption of transforming growth factor- signaling by curcumin induces gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- in rat hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007;292:G Smith MR, Gangireddy SR, Narala VR, et al. Curcumin inhibits fibrosis-related effects in IPF fibroblasts and in mice following bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010;298:L Lian H, Ma Y, Feng J, et al. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor induces heart interstitial fibrosis via an Akt/mTor/p70s6k pathway. PLoS One 2012;7:e Derynck R, Zhang YE. Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF- family signalling. Nature 2003;425: Tang Y, Chen A. Curcumin prevents leptin raising glucose levels in hepatic stellate cells by blocking translocation of glucose transporter-4 and increasing glucokinase. Br J Pharmacol 2010;161: Wang NP, Wang ZF, Tootle S, et al. Curcumin promotes cardiac repair and ameliorates cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Br J Pharmacol 2012;167: Tharaux PL, Chatziantoniou C, Fakhouri F, Dussaule JC. AngiotensinIIactivatescollagenIgenethroughamechanisminvolving the MAP/ER kinase pathway. Hypertension 2000;36: Kang BY, Khan JA, Ryu S, et al. Curcumin reduces angiotensin II-mediated cardiomyocyte growth via LOX-1 inhibition. JCardiovasc Pharmacol 2010;55: Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL. Supplementary Methods
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Supplementary Methods Culture of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells The isolation and culturing of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes was
More informationUncovering the mechanisms of wound healing and fibrosis
Any Questions??? Ask now or contact support support@sabiosciences.com 1-888-503-3187 International customers: SABio@Qiagen.com Uncovering the mechanisms of wound healing and fibrosis Webinar related questions:
More informationProtocol for Gene Transfection & Western Blotting
The schedule and the manual of basic techniques for cell culture Advanced Protocol for Gene Transfection & Western Blotting Schedule Day 1 26/07/2008 Transfection Day 3 28/07/2008 Cell lysis Immunoprecipitation
More informationProtection against doxorubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice by cardiac-specific expression of carboxyl terminus of hsp70-interacting protein
Protection against doxorubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice by cardiac-specific expression of carboxyl terminus of hsp70-interacting protein Lei Wang 1, Tian-Peng Zhang 1, Yuan Zhang 2, Hai-Lian
More informationThe Schedule and the Manual of Basic Techniques for Cell Culture
The Schedule and the Manual of Basic Techniques for Cell Culture 1 Materials Calcium Phosphate Transfection Kit: Invitrogen Cat.No.K2780-01 Falcon tube (Cat No.35-2054:12 x 75 mm, 5 ml tube) Cell: 293
More informationMEK/ERK INHIBITORS: A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STUDY IN LUNG FIBROSIS
MEK/ERK INHIBITORS: A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STUDY IN LUNG FIBROSIS Andrew Leask Departments of Dentistry and Physiology and Pharmacology University of Western Ontario Dental Sciences Building London ON Canada
More informationTissue repair. (3&4 of 4)
Tissue repair (3&4 of 4) What will we discuss today: Regeneration in tissue repair Scar formation Cutaneous wound healing Pathologic aspects of repair Regeneration in tissue repair Labile tissues rapid
More informationEffect of Taurine on Acinar Cell Apoptosis and Pancreatic Fibrosis in Dibutyltin Dichloride-induced Chronic Pancreatitis
212 66 4 329334 Effect of Taurine on Acinar Cell Apoptosis and Pancreatic Fibrosis in Dibutyltin Dichloride-induced Chronic Pancreatitis a,c a* b b a a b a a b c 33 66 4 ʼ 6 6 6 28 6 5 5 5 28 45 ʼ ʼ ʼ
More informationImpact factor: Reporter:4A1H0019 Chen Zi Hao 4A1H0023 Huang Wan ting 4A1H0039 Sue Yi Zhu 4A1H0070 Lin Guan cheng 4A1H0077 Chen Bo xuan
Curcumin Protects Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes against High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt Signalling Pathway Wei Yu,1,2 Wenliang Zha,1 Zhiqiang Ke,1 Qing Min,2 Cairong Li,1 Huirong Sun,3 and Chao
More informationSTUDIES ON MUSTARD-STIMULATED PROTEASES AND INHIBITORS IN HUMAN EPIDERMAL KERATINOCYTES (HEK): DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVESICANT DRUGS
STUDIES ON MUSTARD-STIMULATED PROTEASES AND INHIBITORS IN HUMAN EPIDERMAL KERATINOCYTES (HEK): DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVESICANT DRUGS Xiannu Jin 1, Radharaman Ray 2, Guang Xu 1 and Prabhati Ray 1 1 Department
More informationPathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Extracellular matrix
Pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Extracellular matrix Javier Díez, MD, PhD. Full Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and Director Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Centre
More informationAT1 RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ATTENUATES INSULIN RESISTANCE AND MYOCARDIAL REMODELING IN RATS WITH DIET-INDUCED OBESITY
AT1 RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ATTENUATES INSULIN RESISTANCE AND MYOCARDIAL REMODELING IN RATS WITH DIET-INDUCED OBESITY SA Oliveira Jr, MP Okoshi, PF Martinez, DM Guizoni, BP Torres, M Dal Pai-Silva, K Okoshi,
More informationArgininosuccinate synthetase 1 suppression and arginine restriction inhibit cell
Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 suppression and arginine restriction inhibit cell migration in gastric cancer cell lines Yan-Shen Shan 1, Hui-Ping Hsu 1, Ming-Derg Lai 2,3, Meng-Chi Yen 2,4, Wei-Ching Chen
More information1. Cardiomyocytes and nonmyocyte. 2. Extracellular Matrix 3. Vessels שאלה 1. Pathobiology of Heart Failure Molecular and Cellular Mechanism
Pathobiology of Heart Failure Molecular and Cellular Mechanism Jonathan Leor Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute Tel-Aviv University Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer שאלה 1 התא הנפוץ ביותר (75%~) בלב
More informationCorrespondence to: Jun-nian Zheng, * These authors contributed equally to this paper.
Decreased expression of CHIP leads to increased angiogenesis via VEGF-VEGFR2 pathway and poor prognosis in human renal cell carcinoma Chao Sun 1, 2, 4, *, Hai-long Li 1, 2, *, Hai-rong Chen 6, *, Mei-lin
More informationSupplementary material: Materials and suppliers
Supplementary material: Materials and suppliers Electrophoresis consumables including tris-glycine, acrylamide, SDS buffer and Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-2 dye (CBB) were purchased from Ameresco (Solon,
More informationSerum Amyloid A3 Gene Expression in Adipocytes is an Indicator. of the Interaction with Macrophages
Serum Amyloid A3 Gene Expression in Adipocytes is an Indicator of the Interaction with Macrophages Yohei Sanada, Takafumi Yamamoto, Rika Satake, Akiko Yamashita, Sumire Kanai, Norihisa Kato, Fons AJ van
More informationIslet viability assay and Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion assay RT-PCR and Western Blot
Islet viability assay and Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion assay Islet cell viability was determined by colorimetric (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using CellTiter
More informationEffects and mechanisms of Fenofibrate on the secretion of vascular endothelial contraction factors in hypertensive rats
Effects and mechanisms of Fenofibrate on the secretion of vascular endothelial contraction factors in hypertensive rats Y. Zhu 1, H.-S. Wang 1, X.-M. Li 1 and C. Qu 2 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, General
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Pang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1322009111 SI Materials and Methods ELISAs. These assays were performed as previously described (1). ELISA plates (MaxiSorp Nunc; Thermo Fisher Scientific)
More informationGallic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through regulation of JNK2 signaling and Smad3 binding activity
Gallic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through regulation of JNK2 signaling and Smad3 binding activity Yuhee Ryu 1,+, Li Jin 1,2+, Hae Jin Kee 1,, Zhe Hao Piao 3, Jae
More informationSmall-scale Triton X-114 Extraction of Hydrophobic Proteins Yuzuru Taguchi * and Hermann M. Schätzl
Small-scale Triton X-114 Extraction of Hydrophobic Proteins Yuzuru Taguchi * and Hermann M. Schätzl Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada *For correspondence:
More informationDr. Khairy Abdel Dayem. Professor of Cardiology Ain-Shams University
Dr. Khairy Abdel Dayem Professor of Cardiology Ain-Shams University RALES Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study 1. NEJM 1999 2. Bertram Pitt 3. 1660 Class III and IV HF patients 4. EF 35% 5. 841 placebo
More informationMicrostructural Basis of Conduction II Introduction to Experimental Studies
Bioeng 6460 Electrophysiology and Bioelectricity Microstructural Basis of Conduction II Introduction to Experimental Studies Frank B. Sachse fs@cvrti.utah.edu Overview Microstructural Basis of Conduction
More informationInhibitory effects of spironolactone on myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Inhibitory effects of spironolactone on myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats H. Zhao 1,2, D.W. Gu 2, H.T. Li 2, Q.F. Ge 2 and G.P. Li 1 1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function
More informationAnalyses of Intravesicular Exosomal Proteins Using a Nano-Plasmonic System
Supporting Information Analyses of Intravesicular Exosomal Proteins Using a Nano-Plasmonic System Jongmin Park 1, Hyungsoon Im 1.2, Seonki Hong 1, Cesar M. Castro 1,3, Ralph Weissleder 1,4, Hakho Lee 1,2
More informationSupplementary Information POLO-LIKE KINASE 1 FACILITATES LOSS OF PTEN-INDUCED PROSTATE CANCER FORMATION
Supplementary Information POLO-LIKE KINASE 1 FACILITATES LOSS OF PTEN-INDUCED PROSTATE CANCER FORMATION X. Shawn Liu 1, 3, Bing Song 2, 3, Bennett D. Elzey 3, 4, Timothy L. Ratliff 3, 4, Stephen F. Konieczny
More informationRequires Signaling though Akt2 Independent of the. Transcription Factors FoxA2, FoxO1, and SREBP1c
Cell Metabolism, Volume 14 Supplemental Information Postprandial Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Requires Signaling though Akt2 Independent of the Transcription Factors FoxA2, FoxO1, and SREBP1c Min Wan, Karla
More informationTFEB-mediated increase in peripheral lysosomes regulates. Store Operated Calcium Entry
TFEB-mediated increase in peripheral lysosomes regulates Store Operated Calcium Entry Luigi Sbano, Massimo Bonora, Saverio Marchi, Federica Baldassari, Diego L. Medina, Andrea Ballabio, Carlotta Giorgi
More informationFull Record.
第 1 頁, 共 2 頁 Full Record Record 1 of 6 (Set #2) Title: Insulin-like growth factor-1 mediates stretch-induced upregulation of myostatin expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes Author(s): Shyu KG, Ko WH,
More informationOxidative Stress in PGE2 Treated H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Rose Picklo
Oxidative Stress in PGE2 Treated H9c2 Cardiomyocytes Rose Picklo Abstract Heart disease is the leading cause of adult death in the United States. Chronic ischemia resulting from obstruction of coronary
More informationSupplementary data Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 2
Supplementary data Supplementary Figure 1 SPHK1 sirna increases RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cell culture. (A) RAW264.7 cells were transfected with oligocassettes containing SPHK1 sirna
More informationExtracellular matrix Basic and translational science: Highlights of the congress
Extracellular matrix Basic and translational science: Highlights of the congress Stephane Heymans, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CARIM, Netherlands Speaker The extracellular matrix modulates cardiac
More informationAnti-fibrotic effect of Aliskiren in rats with deoxycorticosterone induced myocardial fibrosis and its potential mechanism
Anti-fibrotic effect of Aliskiren in rats with deoxycorticosterone induced myocardial fibrosis and its potential mechanism Likun Ma 1 *, Jinsheng Hua 1, Lifeng He 1, Qian Li 1, Junling Zhou 1, Jiangtao
More informationLipid Peroxidation Assay
Package Insert Lipid Peroxidation Assay 96 Wells For Research Use Only v. 1.0 Eagle Biosciences, Inc. 82 Broad Street, Suite 383, Boston, MA 02110 Phone: 866-419-2019 Fax: 617-419-1110 INTRODUCTION Lipid
More informationSensoLyte pnpp Alkaline Phosphatase Assay Kit *Colorimetric*
SensoLyte pnpp Alkaline Phosphatase Assay Kit *Colorimetric* Catalog # 72146 Kit Size 500 Assays (96-well plate) Optimized Performance: This kit is optimized to detect alkaline phosphatase activity Enhanced
More informationA549 and A549-fLuc cells were maintained in high glucose Dulbecco modified
Cell culture and animal model A549 and A549-fLuc cells were maintained in high glucose Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 C in humidified atmosphere containing
More informationElectrical Stimulation Control Nerve Regeneration via the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and CREB
Electrical Stimulation Control Nerve Regeneration via the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and CREB Kenji Kawamura, Yoshio Kano. Kibi International University, Takahashi-city, Japan. Disclosures: K.
More informationHuman Hydrogen Peroxide Fluorescent Detection Kit
Human Hydrogen Peroxide Fluorescent Detection Kit CATALOG NO: IRAAKT2525 LOT NO: SAMPLE INTENDED USE The Hydrogen Peroxide Fluorescent Detection Kit is designed to quantitatively measure H₂O₂ in a variety
More informationGinkgo biloba extract postconditioning reduces myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury
Ginkgo biloba extract postconditioning reduces myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury K. Ran 1, D.-L. Yang 1, Y.-T. Chang 1, K.-M. Duan 2, Y.-W. Ou 2, H.-P. Wang 3 and Z.-J. Li 1 1 Department of Anesthesiology,
More informationTable S1. Sequence of human and mouse primers used for RT-qPCR measurements.
Table S1. Sequence of human and mouse primers used for RT-qPCR measurements. Ca9, carbonic anhydrase IX; Ndrg1, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1; L28, ribosomal protein L28; Hif1a, hypoxia inducible factor
More informationHCC1937 is the HCC1937-pcDNA3 cell line, which was derived from a breast cancer with a mutation
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Materials and Methods Human cell lines and culture conditions HCC1937 is the HCC1937-pcDNA3 cell line, which was derived from a breast cancer with a mutation in exon 20 of BRCA1
More informationEnzymatic Assay of PHOSPHOLIPASE C, PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC (EC )
PRINCIPLE: Step 1: Enzymatic Assay of PHOSPHOLIPASE C, PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC Acetylcholinesterase (membrane stroma bound) PLP C > Acetylcholinesterase (unbound) Step 2: ATI + DTNB Acetylcholinesterase
More informationRecovery of Myocardial Infarction via Unique Modulation of the Cardiac Microenvironment
2016 춘계심혈관통합학술대회, 경주 Recovery of Myocardial Infarction via Unique Modulation of the Cardiac Microenvironment Youngkeun Ahn, MD, PhD Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center Chonnam National University
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FOR Liver X Receptor α mediates hepatic triglyceride accumulation through upregulation of G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) expression I: SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS II: SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES
More informationMolecular Mechanism of EGFR Signaling Pathway Mediating Proliferation and Migration of U251 Glioma Cell Line
Molecular Mechanism of EGFR Signaling Pathway Mediating Proliferation and Migration of U251 Glioma Cell Line Linlin YUE 1, Ling LI 1, Bin WANG 2, Xiangmin YU 1, Lingling DING 1, Linlin Wang 1, Yingying
More informationEffects of spironolactone and losartan on the early neovascularization of acute myocardial infarction
978 Effects of spironolactone and losartan on the early neovascularization of acute myocardial infarction YAN LIU 1 and KUNSHEN LIU 2 1 Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City,
More informationMedical management of LV aneurysm and subsequent cardiac remodeling: is it enough? J. Parissis Attikon University Hospital Athens, Greece
Medical management of LV aneurysm and subsequent cardiac remodeling: is it enough? J. Parissis Attikon University Hospital Athens, Greece Disclosures Grants: ALARM investigator received research grants
More informationMouse Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Fluorescent Detection Kit
Mouse Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Fluorescent Detection Kit CATALOG NO: IRAAKT2552 LOT NO: SAMPLE INTENDED USE The Hydrogen Peroxide Fluorescent Detection Kit is designed to quantitatively measure H2O2 in
More informationOxiSelect Malondialdehyde (MDA) Immunoblot Kit
Product Manual OxiSelect Malondialdehyde (MDA) Immunoblot Kit Catalog Number STA- 331 10 blots FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY Not for use in diagnostic procedures Introduction Lipid peroxidation is a well-defined
More information1. Materials and Methods 1.1 Animals experiments process The experiments were approved by the Institution Animal Ethics Committee of Jilin University
1. Materials and Methods 1.1 Animals experiments process The experiments were approved by the Institution Animal Ethics Committee of Jilin University (Reference NO. 2015-003). 96 Kunming (KM) mice (8 weeks;
More informationhemodynamic stress. A. Echocardiographic quantification of cardiac dimensions and function in
SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE LEGENDS Supplemental Figure 1. Fbn1 C1039G/+ hearts display normal cardiac function in the absence of hemodynamic stress. A. Echocardiographic quantification of cardiac dimensions and
More informationExosomes/tricalcium phosphate combination scaffolds can enhance bone regeneration by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Exosomes/tricalcium phosphate combination scaffolds can enhance bone regeneration by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway Jieyuan Zhang, Xiaolin Liu, Haiyan Li, Chunyuan Chen, Bin Hu, Xin Niu, Qing
More informationNuclear Extraction Kit
Nuclear Extraction Kit Catalog Number KA1346 50 assays Version: 07 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General Information... 4
More informationAssay Kit for Measurement of Proteoglycan. (Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Quantification Kit)
Assay Kit for Measurement of Proteoglycan. (Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Quantification Kit) Cat. No. 280560-N INTRODUCTION Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM)
More informationProtocol for protein SDS PAGE and Transfer
Protocol for protein SDS PAGE and Transfer According to Laemmli, (1970) Alaa El -Din Hamid Sayed, Alaa_h254@yahoo.com Serum Selection of a protein source cell cultures (bacteria, yeast, mammalian, etc.)
More informationrenoprotection therapy goals 208, 209
Subject Index Aldosterone, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 induction 163, 164, 168 Aminopeptidases angiotensin II processing 64 66, 214 diabetic expression 214, 215 Angiotensin I intrarenal compartmentalization
More informationResearch article. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
Research article Calpain mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension, and its inhibition attenuates pathologic features of disease Wanli Ma, 1 Weihong Han, 1 Peter
More informationEFFECT OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH IGF-1 ADMINISTRATION ON CELLULAR MARKERS INVOLVED IN SARCOPENIA.
EFFECT OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH IGF-1 ADMINISTRATION ON CELLULAR MARKERS INVOLVED IN SARCOPENIA PhD thesis Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini Doctoral School of Sport Sciences University
More information(A) [DOI] /j.issn
Med J Chin PLA, Vol. 41, No. 3, March 1, 2016 175 [ ] 30 SD 5 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 0.206 0.514 1.028mg/(kg d) ELISA HE Masson (TGF- ) 9(MMP-9) C D E A B (P
More informationIntroduction. Acute sodium overload produces renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in normal rats
Acute sodium overload produces renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in normal rats MI Roson, et al. Kidney International (2006) Introduction Present by Kanya Bunnan and Wiraporn paebua Tubular sodium
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN. Phospho-Akt (pser 473 ) ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-akt (pser 473 ) in cell and tissue lysates
Phospho-Akt (pser 473 ) ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-akt (pser 473 ) in cell and tissue lysates Catalog Number RAB0011 Storage Temperature 20 C TECHNICAL BULLETIN Product Description
More informationHuman Urokinase / PLAU / UPA ELISA Pair Set
Human Urokinase / PLAU / UPA ELISA Pair Set Catalog Number : SEK10815 To achieve the best assay results, this manual must be read carefully before using this product and the assay is run as summarized
More informationPROCHONDRIX CARTILAGE RESTORATION MATRIX CONTAINS GROWTH FACTORS NECESSARY FOR HYALINE CARTILAGE REGENERATION
A L L O S O U R C E PROCHONDRIX CARTILAGE RESTORATION MATRIX CONTAINS GROWTH FACTORS NECESSARY FOR HYALINE CARTILAGE REGENERATION Ryan Delaney MS; Carolyn Barrett BS, MBA; Peter Stevens PhD, MBA AlloSource,
More informationThe Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES), a
Limitation of Excessive Extracellular Matrix Turnover May Contribute to Survival Benefit of Spironolactone Therapy in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Insights From the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN. Catalog Number RAB0447 Storage Temperature 20 C
Phospho-Stat3 (ptyr 705 ) and pan-stat3 ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-stat3 (ptyr 705 ) and pan-stat3 in cell and tissue lysates Catalog Number RAB0447 Storage Temperature 20
More informationAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Overexpression Improves Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 59, No. 8, 2012 2012 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.071
More informationInflammation in heart failure: biomarker, bystander or mediator
Inflammation in heart failure: biomarker, bystander or mediator Novel matricellular proteins to target Javier Díez, MD, PhD. Centre of Applied Medical Research and University Clinic School of Medicine,
More informationHIV-1 Virus-like Particle Budding Assay Nathan H Vande Burgt, Luis J Cocka * and Paul Bates
HIV-1 Virus-like Particle Budding Assay Nathan H Vande Burgt, Luis J Cocka * and Paul Bates Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
More informationTotal Histone H3 Acetylation Detection Fast Kit (Colorimetric)
Total Histone H3 Acetylation Detection Fast Kit (Colorimetric) Catalog Number KA1538 48 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use...
More informationSensoLyte Generic MMP Assay Kit *Colorimetric*
SensoLyte Generic MMP Assay Kit *Colorimetric* Revision#1.2 Catalog # Kit Size Last updated: May2017 AS-72095 100 Assays (96-well plate) Optimized Performance: This kit is optimized to detect MMP activity
More informationRayBio KinaseSTAR TM Akt Activity Assay Kit
Activity Assay Kit User Manual Version 1.0 March 13, 2015 RayBio KinaseSTAR TM Akt Activity Kit Protocol (Cat#: 68AT-Akt-S40) RayBiotech, Inc. We Provide You With Excellent Support And Service Tel:(Toll
More informationDownregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor and nuclear factor-κb. by sirtuin 1 contributes to renoprotection in unilateral ureteral
Supplementary Information Downregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor and nuclear factor-κb by sirtuin 1 contributes to renoprotection in unilateral ureteral obstruction Shao-Yu Yang 1,2, Shuei-Liong
More informationSphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and cardiac fibrosis. Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
96 Special Issue: Cellular and Molecular Bases for Fibrotic Diseases Review Article Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and cardiac fibrosis Noriko Takuwa 1, 2, ), Yasuo Okamoto 1), Kazuaki Yoshioka 1) and
More informationEXERCISE-INDUCED QUADRICEPS OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PERIPHERAL MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Online Supplement for: EXERCISE-INDUCED QUADRICEPS OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PERIPHERAL MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE Physical Activity Levels of physical activity
More informationEPIGENTEK. EpiQuik Global Histone H4 Acetylation Assay Kit. Base Catalog # P-4009 PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE
EpiQuik Global Histone H4 Acetylation Assay Kit Base Catalog # PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE The EpiQuik Global Histone H4 Acetylation Assay Kit is suitable for specifically measuring global
More informationGeneral Laboratory methods Plasma analysis: Gene Expression Analysis: Immunoblot analysis: Immunohistochemistry:
General Laboratory methods Plasma analysis: Plasma insulin (Mercodia, Sweden), leptin (duoset, R&D Systems Europe, Abingdon, United Kingdom), IL-6, TNFα and adiponectin levels (Quantikine kits, R&D Systems
More informationThe BMP-7 Smad1/5/8 Pathway Promotes Kidney Repair After Obstruction Induced Renal Injury
The BMP-7 Smad1/5/8 Pathway Promotes Kidney Repair After Obstruction Induced Renal Injury Scott R. Manson, Robert A. Niederhoff, Keith A. Hruska and Paul F. Austin* From the Division of Pediatric Urology,
More informationC57BL/6 Mice are More Appropriate. than BALB/C Mice in Inducing Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Short-Term Doxorubicin Treatment
Original Article C57BL/6 Mice are More Appropriate Acta Cardiol Sin 2012;28:236 240 Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy C57BL/6 Mice are More Appropriate than BALB/C Mice in Inducing Dilated Cardiomyopathy
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Table S1. Primers and fluorescent probes used for qrt-pcr analysis of relative expression levels of PPP family phosphatases. gene name forward primer, 5-3 probe, 5-3 reverse primer,
More informationEpiQuik Total Histone H3 Acetylation Detection Fast Kit (Colorimetric)
EpiQuik Total Histone H3 Acetylation Detection Fast Kit (Colorimetric) Base Catalog # PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE The EpiQuik Total Histone H3 Acetylation Detection Fast Kit (Colorimetric)
More informationIn Vivo Animal Models of Heart Disease. Why Animal Models of Disease? Timothy A Hacker, PhD Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison
In Vivo Animal Models of Heart Disease Timothy A Hacker, PhD Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Why Animal Models of Disease? Heart Failure (HF) Leading cause of morbidity and mortality
More informationEPIGENTEK. EpiQuik Global Acetyl Histone H3K27 Quantification Kit (Colorimetric) Base Catalog # P-4059 PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE
EpiQuik Global Acetyl Histone H3K27 Quantification Kit (Colorimetric) Base Catalog # P-4059 PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE The EpiQuik Global Acetyl Histone H3K27 Quantification Kit (Colorimetric)
More informationשינויים מולקולאריים ומבניים באי ספיקת לב אפשרויות לטיפול עתידני
שינויים מולקולאריים ומבניים באי ספיקת לב אפשרויות לטיפול עתידני פרופ יהונתן ליאור 1 Braunwald s Heart Disease 8th Edition Chapter 21 Mechanisms of Cardiac Contraction and Relaxation Chapter 22 Pathophysiology
More informationEffect of matrine and carvedilol on collagen and MMPs activity of hypertrophy myocardium induced by pressure overload
Zhang et al. / J Zhejiang Univ SCIENCE B 2006 7(3):245-250 245 Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B ISSN 1673-1581 (Print); ISSN 1862-1783 (Online) www.zju.edu.cn/jzus; www.springerlink.com E-mail:
More informationab Membrane Fractionation Kit Instructions for Use For the rapid and simple separation of membrane, cytosolic and nuclear cellular fractions.
ab139409 Membrane Fractionation Kit Instructions for Use For the rapid and simple separation of membrane, cytosolic and nuclear cellular fractions. This product is for research use only and is not intended
More informationWestern Immunoblotting Preparation of Samples:
Western Immunoblotting Preparation of Samples: Total Protein Extraction from Culture Cells: Take off the medium Wash culture with 1 x PBS 1 ml hot Cell-lysis Solution into T75 flask Scrap out the cells
More informationDissected tissues were minced and lysed in lysis buffer (1x Tris buffered saline (TBS), 1% NP-40,
Data Supplement for Dincheva et al., Effect of Early-Life Fluoxetine on Anxiety-Like Behaviors in BDNF Val66Met Mice. Am J Psychiatry (doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.15121592) Contents Supplemental Methods
More information(PDGF), 9 ( -2 (FGF-2), SMO
Abstract An ethanol extract from shark muscle has been shown to have potent angiogenic activity when mixed together with olive oil in a ratio of 1part extract to 9 parts olive oil. This mixture has been
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Supernatants electrophoresis from CD14+ and dendritic cells. Supernatants were resolved by SDS-PAGE and stained with
Supplementary Figure 1. Supernatants electrophoresis from CD14+ and dendritic cells. Supernatants were resolved by SDS-PAGE and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. One µg/ml recombinant human (rh) apo-e
More informationEssential Medium, containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. Huvec were cultured in
Supplemental data Methods Cell culture media formulations A-431 and U-87 MG cells were maintained in Dulbecco s Modified Eagle s Medium. FaDu cells were cultured in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, containing
More informationTotal Phosphatidic Acid Assay Kit
Product Manual Total Phosphatidic Acid Assay Kit Catalog Number MET- 5019 100 assays FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY Not for use in diagnostic procedures Introduction Phosphatidic Acid (PA) is a critical precursor
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Abstract. Introduction
DOI:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.11.2919 RESEARCH ARTICLE Anthocyanins from the Fruit of Vitis Coignetiae Pulliat Inhibit TNF-Augmented Cancer Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in A549 Cells Jing Nan Lu
More informationMammalian Membrane Protein Extraction Kit
Mammalian Membrane Protein Extraction Kit Catalog number: AR0155 Boster s Mammalian Membrane Protein Extraction Kit is a simple, rapid and reproducible method to prepare cellular protein fractions highly
More informationDoctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei,
Cyclooxygenase 2 facilitates dengue virus replication and serves as a potential target for developing antiviral agents Chun-Kuang Lin 1,2, Chin-Kai Tseng 3,4, Yu-Hsuan Wu 3,4, Chih-Chuang Liaw 1,5, Chun-
More informationEPIGENTEK. EpiQuik Global Histone H3 Acetylation Assay Kit. Base Catalog # P-4008 PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE
EpiQuik Global Histone H3 Acetylation Assay Kit Base Catalog # PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE USER GUIDE BEFORE USE The EpiQuik Global Histone H3 Acetylation Assay Kit is suitable for specifically measuring global
More informationsupplementary information
Figure S1 Nucleotide binding status of RagA mutants. Wild type and mutant forms of MycRagA was transfected into HEK293 cells and the transfected cells were labeled with 32 Pphosphate. MycRagA was immunoprecipitated
More informationSTAT3 (py705)/ Pan STAT3 (Human/Mouse/Rat) ELISA Kit
STAT3 (py705)/ Pan STAT3 (Human/Mouse/Rat) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2176 96 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationHT Glutathione Assay Kit
Instructions For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures HT Glutathione Assay Kit Colorimetric assay for total, reduced and oxidized glutathione. Sufficient reagents for tests. Table of
More informationMammalian Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent
Mammalian Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent Catalog number: AR0101 Boster s Mammalian Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent is a ready-to-use Western blot related reagent solution used for efficient extraction
More information