GENERAL PHYSIOLO GY, NERVE & MUSCLE. 1. How many % of the body weight is the total blood volume? A. 5% B. 8% C. 15% D. 40% E. 60%

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1 GENERAL PHYSIOLO GY, NERVE & MUSCLE 1. How many % of the body weight is the total blood volume? A. 5% B. 8% C. 15% D. 40% E. 60% 2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Osmole is the molecular weight of a substance divided by the number of freely moving particles liberated in solution. B. Osmolarity is the number of osmole per kg solution C. Osmolality is the number of osmole per liter solvent D. Osmolal concentration of a solution is not affected by temperature 3. Plasma osmolal concentration is: A. 2700smlL B. 2800smIL C. 2900smlL D. 3000sm/L E. 310 osmll 4. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? A. Osmosis is the movement of solute across a semi-permeable membrane in attempt to balance osmolal concentration on the 2 sides of the membrane. B. Passive dif fusion is only effective across a short distance C. Facilitated diffusion makes use of carrier protein & occurs down the concentration gradient across the membrane. D. Active transport uses carrier protein & occurs against the concentration gradient across the membrane. E. Exocytosis & endocytosis tend to be the mode of transport for protein. 5. Which of the following is an example of counter-transport? A. Sodium-Glucose pump B. Sodium-Potassium-Chloride pump C. Sodium-Potassium pump D. Sodium-Amino acid pump E. Sodium-Chloride pump GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ

2 6. Resting membrane potential of neuron is about: A. -5 0mV B. -6 0mV C. -7 0mV D. -8 0mV E. -90mV 7. Which of the following statement is FALSE? A. There are more anions inside cell membrane than outside the cell membrane B. The interior wall of cell membrane is more negatively charged than the exterior wall. C. Membrane potential is partly maintained by the intracellular protein. D. Membrane potential is closer to the EK than ENa because K is more permeable- E. Chloride is the predominant diffusable anion across cell membrane. 8. Which of the following statement regarding axon is FALSE? A. Progesterone promotes myelin synthesis B. Wallerian degeneration refers to distal axonal degeneration after transection of axon. C. Action potential is initiated at the axon hillock D. Fast anterograde axonal transport is mediated by kinesin E. Slow anterograde & retrograde axonal transport is mediated by dynesin 9. Depolarizing threshold (threshold potential) of neuron is about: A. -35mV B. -4 0mV C. -45mV D. -5 0mV E. -5 5mV 10. Electrotonic potential occur between: A. -95 to -7 0mV B. -70 to -5 5mV C. -55 to DmV D. 0 to +55mV E. +55 to +70mV 11. Which of the following statement regarding electrotonic potential is FALSE? A. Electrotonic potential is due to active opening of NalK channels B. Electrotonic potential decays exponentially C. If electrotonic potential reaches depolarizing threshold, action potential will be produced. D. Decay of electrotonic potential is because the hyperpolarizing force is much stronger than the depolarizing forces. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 2

3 12. Which of the following statement regarding nerve conduction is FALSE? A. Propogation of action potential is unidirectional as the membrane behind the propogational front is in refractory period B. Saltatory conduction occurs in all types of neurons C. Strength of stimuli has no correlation with the amplitude of action potential D. Synapse potentials are not all necessary propogated down the post-synaptic axon 13. Which of the following statement regarding action potential is TRUE? A. Generation of action potential is an A TP dependent process B. Depolarization in the neuron is due to the opening of voltage independent Na channels. C. Na channels are of high concentration in the regions of nodes of Ran vier. D. Repolarization of neuron is due to the opening of voltage dependent Ca channels E. Threshold potential of individual nerve fiber in the peripheral nerve is constant. 14. Which of the following pairing of nerve fiber type & its function is FALSE? A. Au fiber -somatic motor B. A8 fiber- Pain, cold & touch sensation C. Af3 fiber- touch & pressure sensation D. C fiber -motor to m spindle 15. Which of the following is TRUE regarding nerve fiber sensitivity to the following situations? A. Speed of conduction increases with the diameter of nerve fiber. B. Local anesthetics suppresses smaller diameter nerve fiber before larger diameter ones. C. Pressure on a mixed nerve causes conduction defects in the larger nerve fibers first. D. Type B nerve fiber is most susceptible to hypoxia 16. Which of the following statements regarding sarcomere is TRUE? A. Thick filament is twice the diameter of thin filament B. Thick filaments is made up of myosin C. Thin filaments is made up of actin, tropomyosin & troponin D. There are no syncytial bridges between individual skeletal muscle cells. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 3

4 17. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is in direct continuum with the extracellular space. B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum allows rapid transmission of action potential from cell membrane to all myofibril in them C. Dystrophin is important for structure support & strength of myofibril D. T tubule system in the skeletal muscle is located at the Z line E. Calcium is stored in the lateral sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum. 18. Resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle is about: A. +90mV B. +30 mv C. OmV D. -3 0mV E. -90mV 19. Absolute refractory period in the skeletal muscle is: A. 1-3 ms B. 3-6 ms C. 6-9 ms D ms E ms 20. During skeletal muscle fiber contraction: A. Z lines are brought closer to each other B. A band remain constant C. I zone shortens D. Length of filament remains unchanged 21. Which of the following statement regarding skeletal muscle contraction is FALSE? A. Actin contains ATPase which produce s energy for sliding filament mechanisms B. Troponin has binding sites for calcium, actin & tropomyosin C. Myosin head is covered by tropomyosin in the resting state, so to prevent actin binding D. Calcium is a crucial ion in triggering the power stroke mechanism. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 4

5 22. Which of the following statement regarding summation of contraction is FALSE? A. Summation of contraction occurs with repeated stimulation of the muscle. B. Complete tetanus means there is no relaxation between individual stimuli to the muscle fiber. C. Incomplete tetanus means there is incomplete relaxation between individual stimuli to the muscle fiber. D. Refractory period of muscle contraction is about 3 ms E. Treppe occurs with maximal stimuli delivered to the muscle at subtetanizing threshold. 23. Which of the following statement regarding the properties of skeletal muscle contraction is INCORRECT? A. Active tension of a muscle fiber is maximal at its resting length B. Total tension of a muscle fiber decreases with increasing stretch of the fiber. C. Shortening of sarcomere decreases total tension in the muscle D. Velocity of contraction is maximal at high workload 24. Fast muscle fiber: A. mainly uses aerobic glycolysis B. is specialized in posture maintaining contractions C. It's sarcoplasmic reticulum has high calcium pumping capacity D. Is also called red muscle E. Is usually of moderate diameter 25. Which of the following statement regarding skeletal muscle metabolism is TRUE? A. Phosphoryl creatinine provide important source of organic phosphate to muscle B. Source of A TP for muscle at rest is provided by fatty acid breakdown C. During exercise, glucose is the predominant energy source to muscle D. Anaerobic glycolysis is only capable of producing amount of A TP produced by aerobic glycolysis per glucose molecule 26. Effect of skeletal muscle denervation includes the following EXCEPT: A. skeletal muscle atrophy B. fasciculation C. abnormal excitability of muscle D. increased sensation to circulating ACh E. Fibrillation GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 5

6 27. Which of the following statement regarding motor units is FALSE? A. The size motor units are uniform B. Each spinal motor nucleus only innervate 1 kind of muscle fiber C. Slow motor unit is supplied by small sized motor nerve D. Fast motor unit is supplied by larger sized motor nerve E. Ultimate determinant of whether a motor unit is fast or slow is more determined by the nerve supply than muscle fiber type. 28. Which of the following statement regarding skeletal muscle contraction is TRUE? A. Tension of human skeletal muscle is about 3-4kg/cm 2 cross sectional area. B. Increased recruitment of motor units occur with increased voluntary movements C. Asynchronous firing of adjacent motor units allows smooth contraction of the whole muscle D. Tension developed in tetany is 4 times that of single muscle twitches. 29. Which of the following statements regarding myocardial fibers is FALSE? A. T system occurs at A-I Junction B. Intercalated discs are found at Z lines C. Intercalated discs function to transmit contractile force from 1 muscle fiber to the next D. Gap junction between adjacent myocardial fiber gives low resistance bridges for spread of excitation from 1 muscle fiber to the next. 30. Plateau & repolarization phase in myocardial AP conduction lasts: A. 2ms B. 20 ms C. 200 ms D. 2s E. 20s 31. Which of the following pairing regarding myocardial conduction is INCORRECT? A. Initial rapid depolarization -opening of voltage gated Na channels B. Initial rapid repolarization - opening of fast K channels C. Plateau phase -opening of slow Ca channel D. Repolarization phase - closure of slow Ca channel & opening K channel GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 6

7 32. Which of the following regarding myocardium is FALSE? A. Repolarization time remains constant despite increase in heart rate. B. Contractile response lasts 1.5 X duration of AP C. There is no tetany in the myocardium as the relative refractory period lasts until the end of the repolarization phase. D. Myocardium is dependent on oxidative metabolism 33. Which of the following statement regarding Starling's law of the heart is TRUE? A. Diastolic filling of the heart determines the initial length of myocardial fiber B. Systolic intraventricular pressure is an expression of myocardial fiber tension. C. Systolic intraventricular pressure increases as diastolic filling of the heart increases to a critical point. D. Overfilling of L V leads to reduction in systolic intraventricular pressure as there is disruption of myocardial fibers. 34. Which of the following statements regarding myocardial metabolism is FALSE? A. Myocardium has higher myoglobin content than skeletal muscle B. Anaerobic metabolism in the myocardium increases from 1 to 10% during hypoxia C. Energy produced by total anaerobic condition is enough to sustain ventricular contraction for a few hours D. Under basal conditions, most of the caloric need of myocardium is provided by fat 35. Which of the followings statements regarding smooth muscle is FALSE? A. Smooth muscle has no troponin B. Smooth muscle has poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum C. Smooth muscle has no cross striations D. Smooth muscle has abundant mitochondria as it is dependent on aerobic glycolysis 36. The growth of smooth muscle is inhibited by: A. Catecholamine B. Glucocorticoid C. Angiotensin II D. All of the above 37. The resting membrane potential of visceral smooth muscle is: A. -5 0mV B. -70mV C. -90mV D. -l lomv E. none of the above GENERAL PINSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 7

8 38. Which of the following statement regarding smooth m contraction is INCORRECT? A. Tonic contraction is independent of nerve supply B. Partial contraction is maintained due to sinusoidal fluctuation of membrane potential C. It has the same electro-mechanical coupling time as myocardial muscle D. Smooth muscle contraction is dependent on extracellular calcium concentration E. Stretching of smooth muscle lead to reduction of membrane potential & increased tonic contraction. 39. Motor neuron: A. All motor neuron are myelinated B. Cell bodies of motor neuron are located in the anterior hom of spinal cord. C. Motor endplate is the specialized site for neuromuscular transmission D. Acetylcholine released at motor endplate is a calcium dependent process 40. Which of the following statement regarding neuromuscular junction is FALSE? A. Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic receptor at the neuromuscular junction leads to increased NaIK conductance at the motor endplate. B. Acetylcholine is released in quantum C. The amount of acetylcholine released into the neuromuscular junction is enough to produce a full endplate potential every time, allowing a propogated response in the muscle. D. Action potential produced in the muscle is initiated at the motor endplate. 41. In the myocardium, cholinergic fibers do not innervate: A. SA node B. AVnode C. Bundle of His D. Ventricle 42. Which of the following regarding sensory nerve ending is FALSE? A. Magnitude of generator potential increases with increasing intensity of stimulus B. Threshold potential of sensory nerve ending is about -10m V C. Large generator potential are capable of stimulating AP production in the same sensory nerve repeatedly D. AP is developed in the sensory organ when threshold potential is reached 43. Which of the following receptors are rapidly adapting sensory receptors? A. Touch receptors B. Pain & temperature receptors C. Muscle spindles D. Carotid sinus receptors E. Lung inflation receptors GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 8

9 44. Which of the following statement regarding somato-sensory system is INCORRECT? A. Conscious sensation is projected from the cortex to the receptor location no matter where along the sensory pathway is stimulated. B. Receptive field of a sensory unit is discrete & unique to the sensory unit C. Increasing strength of a stimulus leads to increasing number of sensory organ activated including those not in direct contact with it. D. Threshold for stimuli among sensory receptors varies. ANSWERS: I. B II. A 21. A 31. B 2. D 12. B 22. D 32. A 3. C 13. C 23. D 33. E 4. A 14. D 24. C 34. C 5. C 15. E 25. E 35. D 6. C 16.E 26. B 36. B 7. A 17. D 27. A 37. E S. B IS. E 2S.E 3S. C 9. E 19.A 29. A 39. E 10. B 20. E 30. C 40. D 41. D 42. D 43. A 44. B GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE & MUSCLE - MCQ 9