Cardiovascular System

Transcription

1 Cardiovascular System

2 Function - Func&ons to carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and carry carbon dioxide and other waste away from the cells of the body.

3 Structures - Heart - pumps blood to the lungs and throughout the body - Arteries, arterioles - Caries blood AWAY from the heart to cells - Capillaries - Place where nutrient and gas waste exchanges - Veins, venules - Carries blood TO the heart from cells

4 Arteries vs. Veins - Arteries - THICK! - Veins - Thinner

5 Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuits - Pulmonary - Carries Oxygen depleted blood to the lungs to pick up O 2 and unload CO 2. - Systemic - Sends oxygen- rich blood from heart to all body cells.

6 The Heart - Located in the thoracic cavity, rests on top of the diaphragm - Encased in a parietal pericardium

7 Wall of the Heart 1. Outer Epicardium Made of epithelial &ssue Protects the heart by reducing fric&on 2. Middle Myocardium Mostly cardiac &ssue involved in pumping blood out of the heart 3. Inner Endocardium Made of epithelial &ssue Lines the inner chambers of the heart

8 - Atria - Upper chambers - Receive blood returning to the heart - Ventricles - Lower chambers - Receive blood from atria and force blood into arteries - Septum - Separates leq and right so blood doesn t mix Heart Chambers

9 Heart Valves - Atrioventricular Valves: separate atria from ventricles and prevent back- flow of blood. - Tricuspid: - Right side - Bicuspid/Mitral: - LeQ side

10 Heart Valves - Semilunar Valves: - Pulmonary: - Found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery - Aor+c: - Found between the leq ventricle and the aor&c arch

11 Blood Flow

12 Cardiac Cycle - Systole= contrac&on - Diastole = relaxing * During atrial systole, ventricles are in ventricular diastole * During ventricular systole, atria are in atrial diastole Both relax briefly aqer ventricular systole Cycle Anima&on

13 Steps of the Cycle 1) Pressure is low during ventricular diastole, opening the A- V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid)

14 Steps of the Cycle 1) Pressure is low during ventricular diastole, opening the A- V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid) 2) Ventricles fill with blood

15 Steps of the Cycle 1) Pressure is low during ventricular diastole, opening the A- V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid) 2) Ventricles fill with blood 3) A- V valves close when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure

16 Steps of the Cycle 1) Pressure is low during ventricular diastole, opening the A- V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid) 2) Ventricles fill with blood 3) A- V valves close when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure 4) During ventricular systole, atrial pressure is low and they begin to fill up again

17 Steps of the Cycle 5) Ventricular pressure rises, opening the semilunar valves, forcing blood into the pulmonary trunk and aor&c arch

18 Steps of the Cycle 5) Ventricular pressure rises, opening the semilunar valves, forcing blood into the pulmonary trunk and aor&c arch 6) Pressure drops in ventricles aqer contrac&on, and the semilunar valves close. Echocardiogram

19 Heart Sounds - The heart makes a Lubb- Dubb sound - The Lubb is the closing of the A- V valve during ventricular contrac&on. - The Dubb is the closing of the semilunar valve when the ventricles are relaxing.

20 Cardiac Conduction System - Coordinates the events of the cardiac cycle

21 Cardiac Conduction System 1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- Pacemaker - Specialized cardiac muscle &ssue - Can reach threshold on its own - Generates impulses &mes per minute

22 Cardiac Conduction System 1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- Pacemaker - Specialized cardiac muscle &ssue - Can reach threshold on its own - Generates impulses &mes per minute 2) Atrial sync&um causes atrial contrac&on

23 Cardiac Conduction System 1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- Pacemaker - Specialized cardiac muscle &ssue - Can reach threshold on its own - Generates impulses &mes per minute 2) Atrial sync&um causes atrial contrac&on 3) A- V Node relay sta&on (slows current)

24 Cardiac Conduction System 1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- Pacemaker - Specialized cardiac muscle &ssue - Can reach threshold on its own - Generates impulses &mes per minute 2) Atrial sync&um causes atrial contrac&on 3) A- V Node relay sta&on (slows current) 4) A- V Bundle sends signals from A to V

25 Cardiac Conduction System 1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- Pacemaker Specialized cardiac muscle &ssue Can reach threshold on its own Generates impulses &mes per minute 2) Atrial sync&um causes atrial contrac&on 3) A- V Node relay sta&on (slows current) 4) A- V Bundle sends signals from A to V 5) Purkinje Fibers causes ventricular contrac&on

26 Conduc&on Cardiac Conduction

27 Electrocardiogram Recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium (cardiac muscle)

28 Electrocardiogram P- wave: depolariza&on of atria QRS: depolariza&on of ventricle fibers (R=LeQ, S=right) T- wave: repolariza&on of ventricles

29 Blood Pressure (13.5) Blood pressure= the force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels.

30 Measuring Blood Pressure Systolic Pressure: max pressure during ventricular systole Diastolic Pressure: max pressure during ventricular diastole