CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TASK CARDS Worksheet

Transcription

1 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TASK CARDS Worksheet Name: Date: Instructions: Put the answers to each task card in the numbered boxes on the chart. 1 a) left semilunar valve / aortic valve b) blood would backflow into the ventricle from the aorta and not be able to move forward 6 toward 11 The chambers of the heart function to pump blood either to other chambers of the heart or to vessels leaving 16 The left ventricle is the most muscular. It needs to be very muscular because of the four chambers. It is the one that needs to pump to the farthest reaches of the body (the systemic system). 2 This condition is called hemophilia. This condition prevents proper blood clotting so easy bruising and prolonged bleeding is one of the consequences. 7 a) descending/abdominal aorta the ascending aorta and going toward the lower body. 12 If the valves of the heart malfunction, the blood would pool in the chambers and not be able to move forward through 17 The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic system while the right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary system. 3 A person with the AB blood type is the universal recipient. They can receive all types of blood because they do not have any antibodies against the A antigen or the B antigen so they won t be able to attack any of the red blood cells that are donated to them. 8 The function of the valves of the heart is to prevent the backflow of blood through the heart and to help move the blood forward. 13 Similarity: They are smaller versions of their larger forms veins and arteries. Difference: Arterioles are carrying blood toward capillaries and venules are carrying blood away from capillaries. 18 Difference 1: The atria are smaller/less muscular than the ventricles. Difference 2: The atria receive blood from the body and pump it to the ventricles while the ventricles receive blood from atria and pump it to the body. Difference 3: The atria are located on the top of the heart and the ventricles are located on the bottom. Difference 4: The atria pump blood through the atrioventricular valves and the ventricles pump blood through semilunar valves. 4 a) left atrioventricular valve / mitral or bicuspid valve b) This valve prevents blood from backflowing from the left ventricle back to the left atrium and thus it keeps the blood moving forward through 9 right atrium 14 Red blood cells function to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. 19 septum 5 The cardiac cycle refers to one complete heartbeat which involves one cycle of relaxation and filling of the heart followed by the contraction and emptying of 10 a) inferior vena cava the lower body and it is being carried to the right 15 You might have leukemia. 20 a) superior vena cava the upper body and it is being carried to the right

2 21 Purkinje fibers are located in walls of the ventricles. They function to carry the electrical signal to the muscles of the ventricles to cause them to contract. 26 leukocyte 22 erythrocyte 27 serum 23 a) right ventricle the right atrium and it is being carried to the pulmonary trunk. 28 a) left pulmonary veins the left lung and it is being carried to the left 24 Vasodilation is the widening of the blood vessels and vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels. 29 thrombocyte 25 a) chordae tendineae b) They function to prevent the flaps of the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral/bicuspid valve) from going into the atria when the ventricles are contracting. They ensure the flaps stay in place in the ventricles. 30 capillaries 31 Arteries contain high blood pressure and they combat this by having muscular walls to resist this high pressure. 36 left atrium 32 a) left atrium the left and right pulmonary veins and it is being carried to the left ventricle. 37 aorta 33 away 38 Capillaries must contain low blood pressure so that the flow of blood is slow enough to allow sufficient time for gas exchange to occur between the blood and the body tissues / alveoli of the lungs. 34 The valves in the veins help blood move back towards the heart, against gravity, by preventing the backflow of blood. 39 a) left ventricle the left atrium and it is being carried to the ascending aorta. 35 a) ascending aorta the left ventricle and it is being carried to the arteries of the upper body and to the descending aorta. 40 pulmonary

3 41 bone marrow 46 A person with type O blood is a universal donor because their red blood cells do not contain any A or B antigens, so the cells won t be attacked by the antibodies of the recipient. 51 plasma 56 You have arteriosclerosis which can be caused by an unhealthy life style that includes a lack of exercise, smoking and a diet high in fatty and processed foods. 42 a) right semilunar valve / pulmonary valve b) This valve prevents blood from backflowing from the pulmonary trunk back into the right ventricle and thus keeps the blood moving forward through 47 Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and empties and diastole is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes and fills. 52 electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG) 57 a) right atrioventricular valve / tricuspid valve b) Failure of this valve will cause the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right This will impair the forward movement of blood through 43 Hypertension occurs when you have chronic high blood pressure and hypotension occurs when you have chronic low blood pressure. 48 a) pulmonary trunk the right ventricle and it is being carried to the left and right pulmonary arteries. 53 a) arteries to the head, neck and arms the ascending aorta. 58 The pain is called angina and it occurs when a part of the heart is not receiving enough oxygen. This is usually due to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries delivering oxygenated blood to 44 You have a condition called anemia caused by low hemoglobin levels or low red blood cell levels. Both are often caused by a deficiency of iron. 49 The pericardium is a double membrane system with a fluid between the two membranes. This structure covers the heart and functions to anchor it within the chest cavity, protect it from infection and protect it against the friction that occurs during beating. 54 The AV node slows down the conduction of the nerve impulse from the sinoatrial node (so that the atria can complete their contractions) before sending the signal down the Bundle of His in the septum to be propagated to the ventricles. 59 During angioplasty, a narrowed or obstructed artery is widened by inserting and inflating a balloon into the area and forcing the vessel open. A stent can then be inserted to keep the vessel open. 45 a) papillary muscles b) If these muscles fail, then the atrioventricular valves may be pushed into the atria when the ventricles contract. This will cause a backflow of blood in the heart and impair the blood s forward movement. 50 a) left pulmonary arteries the pulmonary trunk and it is being carried to the left lung. 55 a) right pulmonary arteries the pulmonary trunk and it is being carried to the right lung. 60 Platelets are responsible for initiating blood clotting.

4 61 a) septum b) The oxygenated blood in the left ventricle and the deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle would mix. This would cause the heart to pump blood that is not fully oxygenated to the tissues of the body. 66 White blood cells function to seek and destroy invading pathogens and precancerous cells. They also produce antibodies to help defend you against future infections. 62 The coronary blood vessels carry oxygenated blood to the heart tissue and carry deoxygenated blood from the heart tissue to be reoxygenated. 67 The pacemaker cells of the heart are found in a cluster of cells called the sinoatrial node. This node generates electrical impulses to set the rate of contraction for 63 hemoglobin 68 spleen 64 a) right atrium the inferior and superior vena cavas and it is being carried to the right ventricle. 69 During cardiac bypass surgery, a healthy artery from another part of your body is used to connect the parts of a coronary artery above and below the obstructed area of the artery. This helps divert the blood flow around the blockage and this helps restore blood flow to 65 myocardial infarction 70 Unlike other muscle types, myogenic muscle does not depend on nerve impulses from the nervous system. This muscle can contract due to signals sent from other areas of the heart and hence the heart is not dependent on nervous control to function. 71 a) right pulmonary veins the right lung and going toward the left 72 You have developed varicose veins. Prolonged standing causes blood to pool in the legs and without much muscular activity; the veins cannot move the blood upwards. The pooling of blood damages the valves of the veins and thus makes it more likely that more blood will pool /80 74 Bundle of His 75 myocardium 76 sickle cell anemia 77 endocardium 78 sphygmomanometer 79 A, N, U, K, E 80 During the first pregnancy with an Rh positive baby, the baby s Rh positive blood mixed with the mother s Rh negative blood during birth. After birth, this caused the mother to produce antibodies against the Rh factor which she didn t previously have. With her second Rh positive baby, her newly acquired Rh antibodies will attack the second baby s Rh positive red blood cells causing the baby to become seriously ill.

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