Medicinal plants in the Mecsek mountain - Field study 1

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1 Medicinal plants in the Mecsek mountain - Field study 1 LECTURE 4 Medicinal plants in weed associations Cultivated and protected medicinal plants Methods in field work Nóra Papp

2 Weed associations and grasses along road edges

3 Weed associations and grasses birthwort wormwood mugwort daisy (Aristolochia clematitis) (Artemisia absinthium) (Artemisia vulgaris) (Bellis perennis) shepherd's purse greater celandine cichory hop (Capsella bursa-pastoris) (Chelidonium majus) (Cichorium intybus) (Humulus lupulus)

4 bittersweet nightshade henbane jimson weed gojy berry (Solanum dulcamara) (Hyoscyamus niger) (Datura stramonium) (Lycium halimifolium) mullein redstem stork's bill common mallow chamomille (Verbascum phlomoides) (Erodium cicutarium) (Malva neglecta) (Matricaria chamomilla)

5 yellow sweet clover field poppy cornflower common knotgrass (Melilotus officinalis) (Papaver rhoeas) (Centaurea cyanus) (Polygonum aviculare) blackthorn groundsel poison hemlock thyme (Prunus spinosa) (Senecio vulgare) (Conium maculatum) (Thymus serpyllum)

6 field larkspur dwarf elder mistletoe (Consolida regalis) (Sambucus ebulus) (Viscum album) milkweed white byrony autumn crocus (Asclepias syriaca) (Bryonia alba) (Colchicum autumnale)

7 CULTIVATED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

8 EGSC-Melius Medicinal Plant Garden (Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs)

9 (Ifjúság Str. 6.)

10 CULTIVATED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN AND ITS ENVIRONMENT Harkány-Terebes

11 CULTIVATED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN AND ITS ENVIRONMENT Harkány-Terebes

12 CULTIVATED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN AND ITS ENVIRONMENT ginkgo black pine Scots pine European yew Russian olive (Ginkgo biloba) (Pinus nigra) (Pinus sylvestris) (Taxus baccata) (Elaeagnus angustifolia) horse chestnut black locust walnut silver birch (Aesculus hippocastanum) (Robinia pseudoacacia) (Juglans regia) (Betula pendula)

13 PROTECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN Medicinal plants with goodwill value of 2000 HUF common corn-cockle pheasant's eye liverleaf wolf's bane (Agrostemma githago) (Adonis vernalis) (Hepatica nobilis) (Aconitum vulparia) common primrose stemless carline thistle honeysuckle black bryony (Primula acaulis) (Carlina acaulis) (Lonicera caprifolium) (Tamus communis)

14 PROTECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN Medicinal plants with goodwill value of 5000 HUF European cyclamen black pasque flower winter aconite (Cyclamen purpurascens) (Pulsatilla nigricans) (Eranthis hyemalis) elfdock burning bush butcher's-broom (Inula helenium) (Dictamnus albus) (Ruscus aculeatus)

15 PROTECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MECSEK MOUNTAIN Medicinal plants with goodwill value of HUF mountain arnica greater pasque flower globeflower mezereon (Arnica montana) (Pulsatilla grandis) (Trollius europaeus) (Daphne mezereum) cowberry bogbean monkey orchid military orchid (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) (Menyanthes trifoliata) (Orchis simia) (Orchis militaris)

16 STRICTLY PROTECTED PLANTS 20 HUF OLD 2 HUF Hungarian iris (Iris aphylla ssp. hungarica) HUF! Hungarian crocus (Colchicum hungaricum) HUF!

17 I. Terms, definitions METHODS IN FIELD WORK study: min. 2x / year at the same area (e.g. forests: spring-summer, rock grasses: springautumn) to be equivalent to natural conditions, homogenous sampling quadrant method, setting of corners: 1 m 2 2 m 2 4 m 2.. minimal area: smallest quadrant which represents the characteristic species in the association more or less: species number minimal area m 2

18 II. Required tools notebook (~ field diary) plant identification handbooks map compass GPS meter of inclination grade moisture meter thermometer (5 volumes)

III. Field diary author s name study date (day, month, year) geographical location geographical coordinates elevation above sea level cardinal point (N, S, E, W) inclination grade basic stone soil

19 III. Field diary author s name study date (day, month, year) geographical location geographical coordinates elevation above sea level cardinal point (N, S, E, W) inclination grade basic stone soil type weather moisture temperature GPS association (e.g. hornbeam-oak forest) levels of association (A: trees / 1, 2, B: shrubs; C: grass / herbaceous plants) medicinal plants data: scientific name abundance-dormancy (AD) value sociability (S) value

20 AD value (abundance-dominance) - number of specimens (A=abundance): in scale of 1-5; difficult to estimate - coverage (D=dominance): % of the area vertically covered by the species: + : 0,1 1% 1 : 1,1 5% 2 : 5,1 25% 3 : 25,1 50% 4 : 50,1 75% 5 : 75,1 100% - merged AD value: estimated D corrected with A (%) Sociability (S) - association ability: size of group of the species in an association - in scale e.g.: 1: singly diffused 2: smaller groups 3: bigger spots 4: continuous groups 5: continuous closed surface

21 IV. Association table with medicinal plants (quadrant = 4 m 2 ) Association e.g.: Oak forest AD value S value Drug part Therapeutical use Level A: Quercus petraea 3 2 bark astringent, anti-bleeding (tannins) Tilia tomentosa 1 1 flower allergic Level B: Euonymus europaeus Frangula alnus seed, leaf, bark bark heart insufficiency, laxative, astringent laxative (anthraquinones) Level C: Tamus communis 3 3 rhizome, root skin rubber, rheuma Helleborus odorus Dictamnus albus Polypodium vulgare rhizome, root aerial part rhizome heart insufficiency, stimulus t. circulatory problems laxative, mucilagineous (osladin) Species in each level (A,B,C): - in alphabetical order - according to the decrease of coverage values/species

22 Content of the required field diary (2-3 pages): 1. data of field diary (Section III) 2. association table with medicinal plants (Section IV) 3. other notes for the study area Recommended literature: Digital Herbarium and Drug Atlas

Yew (Taxus baccata), conifer native to western, central and southern Europe has toxic seed only.

Yew (Taxus baccata), conifer native to western, central and southern Europe has toxic seed only. T he horse is an herbivore that exclusively feeds himself, in nature, with diverse parts of plants, mainly herbs. Therefore, the plant kingdom also has their own survival defense. In fact, many plants