4. Which of the following cell parts can be found in human cells, but not plant cells? A. mitochondria B. chloroplast C. centrioles D.

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1 Sc.9 Biology Practise Test 1. Single-celled organisms use cell division for growth. 2. Chromosomes are made of two chemicals known as protein and DNA. 3. In a strand of DNA, adenine is always paired with guanine, unless an error has occurred. 4. A gene is a molecule of DNA that codes for a protein. 5. At the end of mitosis, two animal cells are formed by a cell plate. 6. The chromosomes of a cell are not visible during interphase. 7. Meiosis is the process that produces sex cells. 8. A haploid human cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. 10. Organisms that rely on external fertilization are more likely to produce large numbers of sperm and eggs than those that use internal fertilization. 1. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for A. growth B. sexual reproduction C. repairing damaged tissue D. both A and C 2. A colony of bacteria is made up of five (5) cells. Assuming that no cells die and that every cell divides, how many cells will there be in the colony after four divisions? A. 20 cells B. 80 cells C. 160 cells D. 625 cells 3. Which of the following is found within the cytoplasm of a cell? A. chromosomes B. nucleolus C. mitochondria D. none of the above 4. Which of the following cell parts can be found in human cells, but not plant cells? A. mitochondria B. chloroplast C. centrioles D. both A and C 5. A chromosome is made up of A. a long strand of DNA B. several pieces of DNA C. protein and a long strand of DNA D. a long strand of RNA 6. The cell structure that makes proteins is the A. nucleolus B. ribosome C. DNA D. Cytoplasm

2 7. At any given time, most of the cells in your body are in A. interphase 8. Chromosomes are replicated during A. interphase B. prophase 9. The cells in a dog s body contain 78 chromosomes. After mitosis has taken place, the resulting cells each have A. 39 chromosomes B. 78 chromosomes C. 156 chromosomes D. one-half of every chromosome 10. The stages of mitosis, in the order that they take place, are A. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase B. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase C. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase D. prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase 11. The process that divides the cytoplasm of the daughter cells at the end of cell division is known as A. telokinesis B. cytokinesis C. telophase D. cell plate 12. The major difference between mitosis in a bacterium and the same process in one of your cells is that A. bacterial mitosis produces more daughter cells than human cell mitosis B. bacterial cells do not produce daughter cells, because bacteria do not have children C. bacterial cells usually separate after being formed; human cells stay together D. bacterial cells do not perform mitosis, but human cells do 13. What must happen in the nucleus of a cell before mitosis can take place? A. the nucleus must grow too large for the cell B. at least one nucleolus must become visible C. DNA must make RNA D. DNA must be replicated 14. As mitosis ends, chromosomes disappear and nuclear membranes form in the new daughter cells. These cells are in A. interphase B. prophase C. telophase D. cytokinesis 15. In which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled apart by the spindle and moved towards opposite poles? A. prophase

3 16. In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids become visible? A. prophase 17. In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes collect at opposite sides of the cell and become enclosed by a membrane? A. prophase 18. In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the middle of the cell? A. prophase 19. Genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or diabetes, are caused by A. being overweight B. carcinogens C. harmful mutations D. radiation 20. A random change in any of the genes in a cell is known as A. a mutation B. a carcinogen C. a genetic disease D. a tumour 21. If cells begin to divide faster than normal and out of control, these cells are called A. a mutation B. Cancer C. Malignant D. carcinogenic 22. Scientists are developing a vaccine for the human papilloma virus (HPV) because many women who have HPV infections later develop cervical cancer. HPV is considered A. a mutation B. a carcinogen C. a genetic disease D. harmless 23. Reproduction involving two parents is known as A. sexual reproduction B. asexual reproduction C. binary fission D. budding 24. If cytokinesis splits the daughter cells into two cells of equal size, what method of reproduction has taken place? A. sexual B. binary fission C. budding D. cloning

4 25. Bacteria can double their numbers rapidly under ideal conditions using A. binary fission B. budding C. vegetative reproduction D. spores 26. If cytokinesis splits the daughter cells into two cells of unequal size, what method of reproduction has taken place? A. sexual B. binary fission C. budding D. cloning 27. Strawberry plants often send out runners that grow into new plants. What is true of these new plants? A. They are genetically identical to the original plant. B. They are natural clones of the original plant. C. They have been produced by vegetative reproduction. D. All of the above are true. 28. Greenhouse operators often root cuttings to produce new plants for sale. They do this because A. it is faster than growing plants from seed B. all the plants have identical characteristics C. they can develop new varieties of plants D. both A and B are true 29. If you look at the underside of a mushroom you will find tiny spores hidden inside the gills. These spores A. all have the same DNA B. are the seeds of the mushroom C. are the mushroom s form of sexual reproduction D. are the zygotes of a mushroom 30. If a crab loses a claw, it will often grow a new claw. The detached claw will not grow a whole new crab. This describes A. asexual reproduction B. fragmentation C. regeneration D. budding 31. Some time in the future, it may be possible to take one of your cells and produce a human that is genetically identical to you. This procedure is known as A. fragmentation B. vegetative reproduction C. regeneration D. cloning 32. Sea stars eat oysters. Oyster farmers used to cut up sea stars to reduce the population of these predators. Instead, the number of sea stars increased. This happened because of A. sexual reproduction B. regeneration C. fragmentation D. both B and C

5 33. Which of the following is not true of asexual reproduction? A. Only one parent is needed. B. The offspring are genetically identical to one another. C. Variations are introduced into the population. D. Large numbers of offspring can be produced. 34. Why might meiosis be necessary for a species? A. to produce somatic cells with half the number of chromosomes, so that when they reproduce, the zygotes will have the same number as the parents B. to produce sex cells with half the number of chromosomes, so that when they combine, the zygotes will have the same number as the parents C. to produce sex cells with a complete set of chromosomes, so that when they combine, the gametes will have the same number as the parents D. to produce somatic cells with a random number of chromosomes, so that the offspring are genetically different from their parents 35. What cells undergo meiosis in an organism? A. somatic sex cells B. gametes C. all somatic cells D. cells which produce gametes 36. The chromosomes in a diploid cell are in pairs. the two chromosomes which make up one pair are called A. similar chromosomes B. analogous chromosomes C. somatic chromosomes D. homologous chromosomes 37. An ape has 24 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes does an ape zygote have? A. 48 B. 24 C. 12 D In Figure 3.1, the correct sequence of events is Figure 3.1 A. 1,2,5,4,3 B. 2,3,4,5,1,4 C. 3,4,1,2,5 D. 2,3,1,4,5 39. In Figure 3.1, in which stage represents anaphase? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D In Figure 3.1, in which stages are the chromatids in pairs? A. 1 and 3 only B. 1 only C. all stages D. 2 and 5 only 41. In Figure 3.1, in which stage(s) is interphase represented? A. 1 B. 1 and 4 C. 3 D. 2 and 5

6 42. In Figure 3.1, what type of cell division is represented? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. meiosis I D. meiosis II 43. Dogs and wolves each have 78 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a dog sperm have? A. 156 B. 39 C. 78 D Diversity refers to A. offspring in a species spreading away from the parents B. the number of different cell types a species has C. having two separate sexes instead of one D. the amount of variation among different species 45. Which of the following are considered male flower parts? A. stigma, style, pistil B. petal, sepal, ovary C. stamen, gonad, pollen D. stamen, anther, filament 46. Which of the following are considered female flower parts? A. stigma, style, pistil B. petal, sepal, ovary C. stamen, ovary, pollen D. stamen, anther, filament 48. What is the difference between the terms artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization? A. In artificial insemination a fertilized zygote is inserted into the female, but during in vitro fertilization the sperm is inserted into the female s vitro. B. In artificial insemination sperm from a male is inserted into the female, but during in vitro fertilization fertilized embryos are inserted into the female. C. In artificial insemination sperm from a male is inserted into the female, but during in vitro fertilization un-fertilized embryos are inserted into the female. D. There is no difference; the terms are just different names for the same procedure. 49. Which statement below best applies to external fertilization? A. Sperm and egg are both outside the body when fertilization occurs. B. Fewer offspring need to be produced, because the parents can see and protect them. C. Sperm is released around the female, and she takes it into her body. D. Sperm remains outside the egg until development is complete. 51. Choose the one that does not belong. A. adenine B. thymine C. cytosine D. uracil 52. A person with three #21 chromosomes has A. Klinefelter syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. Down syndrome D. none of the above

7 53. By the end of the trimester, the embryo will begin to resemble an adult. A. first B. second C. third D. none of the above 54. The third trimester is characterized by A. the embryo's heart being formed B. hair covering the body C. growth of the fetus to 3400 g D. all of the above 55. An embryo is called a fetus when A. it first begins to develop specialized cells B. the zygote begins to divide C. the organs of the body begin to form D. it begins to resemble the adult 56. Which of the following shows the correct chromosome combination for a female human? A. XX plus 44 other chromosomes B. XY plus 44 other chromosomes C. XX plus 23 other chromosomes D. XY plus 23 other chromosomes 57. A mutation A. is a change in the DNA that may be harmful B. is a change in the DNA that may be harmless C. can be caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses D. all of the above 58. In vitro fertilization A. takes place in a surrogate mother B. takes place outside the mother s body C. requires a surrogate mother D. is another name for artificial insemination Match the phase of the cell cycle with the best description of what happens during that phase. A. interphase D. anaphase B. prophase E. telophase C. metaphase F. cytokinesis nuclear membrane breaks down, sister chromatids are visible nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes get longer and thinner cell membrane pinches cytoplasm to divide cell cell is active, DNA is replicated sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

8 There are several methods of asexual reproduction used by organisms. Match the description that best describes these methods of asexual reproduction. A. cloning D. vegetative reproduction B. binary fission E. fragmentation C. budding F. spores 7. an offspring grows from the side of a parent organism 8. two daughter cells of identical size are produced 9. a piece of an animal can grow into a complete individual 10. a piece of a plant can grow and develop into a complete organism 11. a body cell nucleus from an adult cell replaces the nucleus of a fertilized egg 12. thick-walled cells grow into an organism identical to the parent Match the term below with the best description. There is only one best choice for each. A. fertility drugs D. intracytoplasmic insemination B. in vitro fertilization E. gamete intrafallopian transfer C. artificial insemination F. intrauterine insemination 13. a single sperm is injected into a mature egg 14. a woman who is not the genetic mother may carry the pregnancy 15. sperm are inserted directly into the uterus, instead of the vagina 16. drugs are used which may result in multiple births 17. unfertilized eggs are removed from the ovary and inserted into the oviduct 18. the mother may be impregnated with sperm from a sperm bank Explain the moral problems facing the following issues. Be specific. a)stem cell research b) assisted reproductive technologies

9 List in order the stages of mitosis. Briefly explain what happens in each. List in order the stages of meiosis. Briefly explain what happens in each. Explain, along with examples, the differences between: a) types of mutations and effects of mutations b) mutations and mutagens