Dispersants, oil, and time: The resulting toxicological and physiological effects on the Gulf Killifish
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1 Dispersants, oil, and time: The resulting toxicological and physiological effects on the Gulf Killifish Christopher C Green Aquaculture Research Station Louisiana State University AgCenter
2 Response Time Oil degradation composition Biological persistence of exposure Water/air/sediment Salinity Biological uptake, clearance Microbial composition, abundance Chemically solubility Availability - Oil - Surfactant - Oil/surfactant
3 Gulf Killifish (Fundulus grandis) Estuary topminnow Long Spawning Season Familiar prey item for common sport fish Abundant important to estuarine food web
4 Relevance of Killifish Captive population Reliable reproduction Wide salinity tolerance Reside in critical habitat South Pass 17 May 21
5 Mesocosms H 2 (21 Gal) Sediment (5 Gal)
6 The oiled environment Mesocosms H 2 (21 Gal) Treatments Control ( clean water) Oil COREXIT COREXIT and Oil 16 weeks 4 weeks Sediment (5 Gal) 1 week Time 4 ppt ( X % of ocean) 12 ppt ( X % of ocean) Salinity 18 ppt ( X % of ocean)
7 PAH Concentration µg/l Non-Dispersed oil Water Fraction 12 ppt 1week 12 4week 1 16week ppt
8 Effect (% mortality) The water Acute toxicity 1 Mesocosms H 2 (21 Gal) 75 5 Sediment (5 Gal) 25 LOAEL Log [Dose] LD5 1 LD5 LOAELis is the dose lowest that observable adverse produces effect level the or effect lowest in concentration that 5% produces of the a population. detectable response
9 The water How to Test for Acute Toxicity 4 day exposures of treatment water Gulf killifish juveniles Diliute waters to 1X,.5X,.25X,.125X, and.625x Record mortality daily Collect survivors at end Tissues collected
10 7 days 18 ppt 28 days LD 5 (95% CI) COREXIT = 36 (26, 66) Oil/COREXIT = 38 (27, 65) LD 5 (95% CI) 2 COREXIT = N/A Oil/COREXIT = N/A days - Corexit and oil/corexit treated water produced similar acute toxicity 28 days reduced toxicity and similar to control waters
11 18 ppt week 4 week 112 days reduced acute toxicity similar to control LD 5 (95% CI) COREXIT = 36 (26, 66) Oil/COREXIT = 38 (27, 65) LD 5 (95% CI) 1 COREXIT = N/A 2 8 Oil/COREXIT = N/A Control COREXIT 6 Oil Oil/COREXIT 4 2 COREXIT = N/A Oil/COREXIT = N/A Treatment Dilution (%v/v) 112 days LD 5 (95% CI)
12 4 ppt 7 days 28 days LD 5 (95% CI) COREXIT = 33(21, 68) Oil/COREXIT = 37(21, 61) LD 5 (95% CI) COREXIT = >1 2 Oil/COREXIT = > days - Corexit and oil/corexit treated water produced similar acute toxicity 28 days Corexit and oil/corexit acute toxicity decreased slightly
13 4 ppt week 6 4 week 112 days reduced acute 4 toxicity similar to control LD 5 (95% CI) COREXIT = 33(21, 68) Oil/COREXIT = 37(21, 61) LD 5 (95% CI) 2 COREXIT = >1 1 Oil/COREXIT = > Control COREXIT 6 Oil Oil/COREXIT COREXIT = N/A 2 Oil/COREXIT = N/A days LD 5 (95% CI) 4
14 12 ppt 7 days 28 days LD 5 (95% CI) 2 COREXIT = >1 Oil/COREXIT = 36 (26, 52) COREXIT = N/A 2 Oil/COREXIT = N/A LD 5 (95% CI) 4
15 12 ppt days 28 days days although not acutely toxic, mortality still present LD 5 (95% CI) 2 COREXIT = >1 Oil/COREXIT = 36 (26, 52) LD 5 (95% CI) COREXIT = N/A 2 1 Oil/COREXIT = N/A COREXIT = N/A Oil/COREXIT = N/A week LD 5 (95% CI)
16 Non-dispersed oil lacks acute toxicity while chemically dispersed oil was acutely toxic 1 Week) The salinity of the water increases COREXIT 95A acute toxicity Low saline environments resulted in greater persistence of acute toxicity of both COREXIT and COREXIT/Oil mixtures thus potentially increasing exposure risk in coastal estuaries where salinities are low
17 Response Time Oil degradation composition Biological persistence of exposure Water/air/sediment Salinity Biological uptake, clearance Microbial composition, abundance Chemically solubility Availability - Oil - Surfactant - Oil/surfactant
18 Acknowledgements Green Lab (LSU AgCenter): Adam Kuhl Katherine Gautreaux Nyman Lab (LSU AgCenter): Andy Nyman Galvez Lab (LSU): Fernando Galvez Charlotte Bodinier Charles Brown Mayer Lab (Texas Tech): Greg Mayer Funding:
19 Thank You
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