Trade off-based zooplankton feeding strategies in a global model
|
|
- Beatrix Bond
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Trade off-based zooplankton feeding strategies in a global model Fi Prowe 1,2 Ken Andersen 2 Andy Visser 2 Thomas Kiørboe 2 Bei Su 1 Markus Pahlow 1 Andreas Oschlies 1 1 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 2 Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Denmark October 14, 2015 DynaTrait Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
2 Motivation Global zooplankton feeding strategies Low zooplankton diversity in models Ambush observations generic PFT model herbivore TL3 herbivore TL2 Z z p P Oithona sp.: obligate ambusher abundance fraction of total copepods (NMFS-COPEPOD database, Australian Antarctic Data Centre) Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
3 Motivation Global zooplankton feeding strategies Low zooplankton diversity in models Ambush observations generic PFT model herbivore TL3 herbivore TL2 carnivore Z z p 1 p 2 P 1 P 2 Oithona sp.: obligate ambusher abundance fraction of total copepods (NMFS-COPEPOD database, Australian Antarctic Data Centre) Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
4 Motivation Global zooplankton feeding strategies Low zooplankton diversity in models Ambush observations generic PFT model herbivore TL3 herbivore TL2 carnivore Z z Prowe p 1 p 2 P 1 P 2 Oithona sp.: obligate ambusher abundance fraction of total copepods (NMFS-COPEPOD database, Australian Antarctic Data Centre) Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
5 The model Trade-offs Feeding interactions are predator-prey-encounters predator trade-off traits & encounter size motility encounter rate = f (size selectivity, velocity, escape, threshold) prey trade-off nutrient uptake vs. edibility Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
6 The model Trade-offs Feeding interactions are predator-prey-encounters predator trade-off traits & encounter size motility encounter rate = f (size selectivity, velocity, escape, threshold) prey trade-off nutrient uptake vs. edibility Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
7 The model Trade-offs Feeding interactions are predator-prey-encounters predator trade-off mortality ambusher cruiser encounter rate (motility) traits & encounter size motility encounter rate = f (size selectivity, velocity, escape, threshold) prey trade-off nutrient uptake vs. edibility Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
8 The model Trade-offs Feeding interactions are predator-prey-encounters predator trade-off mortality ambusher cruiser encounter rate (motility) traits & encounter size motility encounter rate = f (size selectivity, velocity, escape, threshold) prey trade-off nutrient uptake vs. edibility Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
9 The model Trade-offs Feeding interactions are predator-prey-encounters predator trade-off mortality ambusher cruiser encounter rate (motility) traits & encounter size motility encounter rate = f (size selectivity, velocity, escape, threshold) prey trade-off encounter rate (predation) non motile nutrient uptake motile nutrient uptake vs. edibility Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
10 The model Structure & aim Encounter-based feeding interactions are diverse encounter model herbivore TL3 herbivore TL2 A carnivore C coupled to global MITgcm emergent community structure a c idealized e.g. basic nutrient dynamics 1 step more complex m n M N for testing hypotheses n small non-motile M large motile a small ambusher C large cruiser Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
11 Results 1. Ambusher fraction model predicts ambush biogeography Prowe Prowe Oithona sp.: proxy for A "best" estimate: highest values on top heterogeneous data (# taxa, months, total abundance) Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
12 Results 1. Ambusher fraction Ambusher fraction in detail model 2 main food chains: n, m c A N, (m) C C never dominates A biomass fraction Oithona abundance fraction m a and m,c A no feeding of C feeding threshold? find observations tune params, sensitivity tests Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
13 Results 1. Ambusher fraction Ambusher fraction in detail model 2 main food chains: n, m c A N, (m) C C never dominates m a and m,c A no feeding of C feeding threshold? find observations tune params, sensitivity tests Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
14 Results 1. Ambusher fraction Ambusher fraction in detail model 2 main food chains: n, m c A N, (m) C C never dominates m a and m,c A no feeding of C feeding threshold? find observations tune params, sensitivity tests Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
15 Results 2. Size structure Phyto size structure: trophic levels (TLs)? 3 TLs observations trophic links matter tuning issue? sensitivity tests challenges many parameters to tune (too) basic nutrient dynamics? rigid interactions? Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
16 Results 2. Size structure Phyto size structure: trophic levels (TLs)? 3 TLs 2 TLs observations trophic links matter tuning issue? sensitivity tests challenges many parameters to tune (too) basic nutrient dynamics? rigid interactions? Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
17 Results 2. Size structure Phyto size structure: trophic levels (TLs)? 3 TLs 2 TLs trophic links matter tuning issue? sensitivity tests Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) 2 TLs observations challenges many parameters to tune (too) basic nutrient dynamics? rigid interactions? Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
18 Outlook Flexible interactions Optimal foraging Bei Su, Dynatrait Non-motile Motile φ c I c φ a Respiration R Biomass I a E c E a Foraging Assimilation Excretion I ingestion φ prey capture coefficient E assimilation R respiration A 0 total activity A foraging activity c f foraging cost Pahlow & Prowe 2010 for multiple prey: non-motile prey high A: active (cruise) motile prey low A: ambush find A that maximizes growth = EI R strategy emerges from prey environment Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
19 Outlook Flexible interactions Optimal foraging Bei Su, Dynatrait Non-motile Motile φ c I c φ a A Respiration A 0 A c f R Biomass I a E c E a Foraging Assimilation Excretion I ingestion φ prey capture coefficient E assimilation R respiration A 0 total activity A foraging activity c f foraging cost Pahlow & Prowe 2010 for multiple prey: non-motile prey high A: active (cruise) motile prey low A: ambush find A that maximizes growth = EI R strategy emerges from prey environment Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
20 Outlook Flexible interactions model captures switching Bei Su, Dynatrait Ingestion (d 1 ) Clearance (m 3 gc 1 d 1 ) Diatom concentration (mg C m 3 ) B A copepod feeding on diatoms only diatoms and ciliates fits lab experiments with 2 prey types (Kiørboe et al. 1996) next steps adapt for several trophic levels fit to mesocosm data couple to global model Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
21 Summary predator-prey encounter model size, motility feeding strategy trade-off: feeding vs. predation risk PFT model, rigid interactions 1 step more complex observations & assessment Ambusher fraction phyto size structure tune model at 1D locations sensitivity studies robustness for testing hypotheses outlook optimal feeding strategy model fitted to lab experiments fit to mesocosm data implement in global model Fi (GEOMAR & DTU Aqua) Zooplankton feeding strategies October 14, / 10
Ocean acidification effects on plankton communities, ecosystem structure and carbon cycling
Ocean acidification effects on plankton communities, ecosystem structure and carbon cycling Monika Winder Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University What does a more acidic
More informationCarbon & Energy Utilization OCN 621
Carbon & Energy Utilization OCN 621 Lecture Outline 1) Materials Balance Approach defined 2) Sloppy Feeding 3) Egestion: as relates to Assimilation efficiency 4) Metabolism: Allometric Equation 1) Temperature
More informationRespiration: Allometric Relationship
Metabolism Defined as: all energy transformations, chemical reactions and pathways that make possible the properties of living organisms Measured as: the Respiration Rate, assumes all organism s energy
More informationZooplankton Grazing and Secondary Production in the Indian Ocean
Zooplankton Grazing and Secondary Production in the Indian Ocean Michael Landry Integrative Oceanography Division Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego SIBER Workshop
More informationEOSC Biology 3. Zooplankton Measurements
EOSC 473-573 Biology 3 Zooplankton Measurements Zooplankton Biomass and Abundance Two Quantitative Procedures: Biomass Determination (mg C per m 3 or per m 2 ) Abundance (# individuals per m 3 or per m
More informationFeeding Measurements
Feeding Measurements Measures of Feeding Rates (or specific mortality rate) Clearance Rate Concept Clearance Rate (F) = Volume cleared of prey pred -1 time -1 predator prey A consumer may have different
More informationStoichiometry of mesopelagic zooplankton and carbon sequestration in the ocean
Stoichiometry of mesopelagic zooplankton and carbon sequestration in the ocean Tom Anderson National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry workshop, Woods Hole, 28 June 2017
More informationIS THE CONDITION AND GROWTH OF EARLY LIFE STAGES OF NORTHERN ANCHOVY RELATED TO THE BIOCHEMICAL CLIMATOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT?
IS THE CONDITION AND GROWTH OF EARLY LIFE STAGES OF NORTHERN ANCHOVY RELATED TO THE BIOCHEMICAL CLIMATOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT? Jessica A. Miller 1, William T. Peterson 2, Louise Copeman
More informationZooplankton. Fall 2006
Zooplankton Fall 2006 Plankton Classification Plankton Holoplankton Meroplankton Plankton Classification Picoplankton (0.2 2 µm) Plankton Nanoplankton (2-20 µm) Microplankton (20-200 µm) Mesoplankton (200-2000
More informationZooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for more details. 1. Crustaceans- include shrimp, copepods, euphausiids ("krill")
I. Major Groups Zooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for more details Heterotrophs consume organic matter rather than manufacturing it, as do autotrophs. Zooplankton can be: herbivores carnivores (several
More informationBIOS 35502: Practicum in Field Biology. Katherine Lumetta. Advisor: Patrick Kelly
Feeding Rates of Chaoborus on Daphnia and Copepods and the Effect of Fish Presence BIOS 35502: Practicum in Field Biology Katherine Lumetta Advisor: Patrick Kelly 2014 Abstract Chaoborus can influence
More informationWHALE FOOD PYRAMID ACTIVITY
WHALE FOOD PYRAMID ACTIVITY SEATTLE AQUARIUM GRADES: 9 12 DURATION: 30 60 minutes MATERIALS: - Student worksheet STANDARDS: WA state: - Systems: SYSB & SYSC - Life Sciences: LS1A Ocean Literacy Principles:
More informationFig Draw a food chain for the organisms in the passages above. Table 6.1
1 Moose, Alces americanus, shown in Fig. 6.1, are large herbivores that primarily live in northern parts of North America. They have a varied diet that includes young shoots of willow trees and aquatic
More informationPredicting excretion rates of microzooplankton from carbon metabolism and elemental ratios
468 Comment Limnol. Oceanogr., 38(2), 1993,468-472 0 1993, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Predicting excretion rates of microzooplankton from carbon metabolism and elemental
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY 0610/03
www.xtremepapers.com Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY 0610/03 Paper 3 Extended Candidates
More informationRapid evolution of highly variable competitive abilities in a key phytoplankton species
SUPPLEMENTARY Brief Communication INFORMATION https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0474-x In the format provided by the authors and unedited. Rapid evolution of highly variable competitive abilities in a
More informationEstimating the Grazing Impact of Marine Micro-zooplankton *
Marine Biology 67, 283-288 (1982) MARINE BIOLOGY 9 Springer-Verlag 1982 Estimating the Grazing Impact of Marine Micro-zooplankton * M. R. Landry and R. P. Hassett School of Oceanography, WB-10, University
More informationFood Chains & Food Webs. **Test on Tuesday, April 29, 2014**
Name: Mrs. Merenda Date: Reading/Class & Homework Class work: Tuesday, April 22 Food Chains & Food Webs **Test on Tuesday, April 29, 2014** use your glossary to locate definitions #1-3 read booklet pp.
More informationPlankton Lab 11/14 Integrated Science 1 Redwood High School Name: Period:
Plankton Lab 11/14 Integrated Science 1 Redwood High School Period: Introduction Plankton (which comes from the Greek word for drifting) are often defined as organisms that float at or near the surface
More informationIngestion of microplastics by zooplankton in the western English Channel
Ingestion of microplastics by zooplankton in the western English Channel Alice Wilson McNeal 1 ; Matthew Cole 2 ; James Clark 1 ; Pennie Lindeque 1 1. Plymouth Marine Laboratory. 2. University of Exeter.
More informationChapter 4.3: Food Chains and Food Webs
Chapter 4.3: Food Chains and Food Webs Food Chains All living things need food. It gives them energy as well as substances they need to build up their body. The sun is the starting point of every food
More informationPlankton community properties determined by nutrients and size-selective feeding
Vol. 413: 1 15, 1 doi: 1.3354/meps8716 FEATURE ARTICLE MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Mar Ecol Prog Ser Published August 6 OPEN ACCESS Plankton community properties determined by nutrients and size-selective
More informationOFFCHANNEL MARSH HABITATS Base of aquatic food web Juvenile Chinook diet inferred from natural abundance stable isotopes
OFFCHANNEL MARSH HABITATS Base of aquatic food web Juvenile Chinook diet inferred from natural abundance stable isotopes Tawnya D. Peterson (OHSU) & Estuary Partnership s EMP team http://www.flycraftangling.com
More informationZooplankton community structure and size spectra linked to phytoplankton and hydrographic features on the Faroe Shelf in spring
Zooplankton community structure and size spectra linked to phytoplankton and hydrographic features on the Faroe Shelf in spring Sólvá Jacobsen, Eilif Gaard, Karin M. H. Larsen, Sólvá K. Eliasen Faroe Islands
More informationMicroplastic ingestion: the role of taste
Microplastic ingestion: the role of taste Renske Vroom 1,2, Claudia Halsband 1, Ellen Besseling 2, Bart Koelmans 2 1 Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway 2 Wageningen University and Research Centre,
More informationDispersants, oil, and time: The resulting toxicological and physiological effects on the Gulf Killifish
Dispersants, oil, and time: The resulting toxicological and physiological effects on the Gulf Killifish Christopher C Green Aquaculture Research Station Louisiana State University AgCenter Response Time
More informationFood Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?"
Food Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?" Every organism needs to obtain energy in order to live. For example, plants get energy from the sun, some animals eat plants, and some animals eat other animals.
More informationIs sedimentation of copepod faecal pellets determined by cyclopoids? Evidence from enclosed ecosystems
Is sedimentation of copepod faecal pellets determined by cyclopoids? Evidence from enclosed ecosystems CAMILLA SVENSEN* AND JENS C. NEJSTGAARD NORWEGIAN COLLEGE OF FISHERY SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ,
More informationCompeting for Food Food Chain; Plankton
Competing for Food Food Chain; Plankton Adapted from: "Competing for food" in Living in Water. The National Aquarium in Baltimore. 1997. Grade Level: intermediate Duration: 1-2 class periods Setting: classroom
More informationEnergy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids 1 Ecosystems An ecosystem is all of the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment. Ex. An oak forest,
More informationPatchiness of the Plankton
Patchiness of the Plankton Within the geographical boundaries inhabited by any species, the individuals of that species are not distributed uniformly or randomly, but are usually aggregated into discrete
More informationFood Chains and Webs GLOSSARY. autotrophs: organisms, such as plants, that are capable of making their own food.
Food Chains and Webs GLOSSARY autotrophs: organisms, such as plants, that are capable of making their own food. biological magnification: the process by which small amounts of a poisonous chemical become
More informationStoichiometrically Explicit Competition between Grazers: Species Replacement, Coexistence, and Priority Effects along Resource Supply Gradients
vol. 164, no. 2 the american naturalist august 2004 Stoichiometrically Explicit Competition between Grazers: Species Replacement, Coexistence, and Priority Effects along Resource Supply Gradients Spencer
More informationName: Period: Date: Day What happens to the temperature in a compost bin during decomposition? Interpret: Be able to interpret graphs.
Review for 7 th Science 1 st Semester Exam 17-18 Answer the questions. Day 2 22. What happens to the temperature in a compost bin during decomposition? Increases Interpret: Be able to interpret graphs.
More informationFood Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?"
Food Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?" Every organism needs to obtain energy in order to live. For example, plants get energy from the sun, some animals eat plants, and some animals eat other animals.
More informationthat it eats many organisms including mussels, abalone, chitons, barnacles and snails (Niesen
Christopher Mertz Exploratory #2 Adaptations July 27,2008 Pisaster ochraceus Feeding Preference in Relation to the Optimal Foraging Theory Introduction Pisaster ochraceus is a voracious intertidal predator.
More informationIn steady state, new production = carbon export
In steady state, new production = carbon export Where does primary production go? Export Bacteria Dissolved organic matter Grazing What other components of the biological pump are important? The majority
More information1st 9 Weeks Test Review Sheet
1st 9 Weeks Test Review Sheet 1. Which two are reactants of photosynthesis? a. glucose and water b. carbon dioxide and water c. glucose and oxygen d. sunlight and ATP energy 2. Photosynthesis makes which
More informationImpact of zooplankton food selectivity on plankton dynamics and nutrient cycling
Journal of Plankton Research plankt.oxfordjournals.org J. Plankton Res. (2015) 37(3): 519 529. First published online April 9, 2015 doi:10.1093/plankt/fbv020 Impact of zooplankton food selectivity on plankton
More informationmodelling the role of Essential Fatty Acids in aquatic food webs
modelling the role of Essential Fatty Acids in aquatic food webs Gurbir Perhar, George B. Arhonditsis University of Toronto Ecology & Evolutionary Biology g.perhar@utoronto.ca AGENDA: Introduction Objectives
More informationNutrient- vs. Energy-Limitation in the Sea:
Nutrient- vs. Energy-Limitation in the Sea: The Red Sea and the Antarctic Ocean as Extreme Case Studies Max M. Tilzer University of Constance, Germany ISEEQS-Meeting, 29 May 1 June 2005 Katsushika Hokusai:
More informationGlobal diversity patterns of marine phytoplankton and zooplankton
AIV presentation 14/10/05 Claude Loverdo Sakina Ayata Global diversity patterns of marine phytoplankton and zooplankton X.Irigoien, J.Huisman and R.P.Harris Nature 429, 863-867 (2004) Presentation's overview
More informationBiology of fish larvae and fry gut and enzyme development
Biology of fish larvae and fry gut and enzyme development Functions of the gut and intestine Digestion and absorption of nutrients Excretion of waste material-digesta, metabolites & toxins (entero-hepatic
More informationMesocosm Experiments Progress Report Ron Bassar, Andrés López-Sepulcre and David Reznick January 2011
Mesocosm Experiments Progress Report Ron Bassar, Andrés López-Sepulcre and David Reznick January 2011 I. Summary of Mesocosm studies completed as of 12/10 1. Spring 2007. First trial to the Travis-Reznick
More informationUnit 9: Food Chains and Food Webs
Unit Focus Unit 9: Food Chains and Food Webs This unit reviews energy production in plants and animals, feeding relationships, and symbiosis in the ocean. Students will become familiar with the hierarchy
More informationStandard B-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the flow of energy within and between living systems.
B-3.1 Summarize the overall process by which photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and interpret the chemical equation for the process. Taxonomy Level: 2.4-B and 2.1-B Understand Conceptual
More informationLesson: Plankton. We will use each of these three categories in our investigations of plankton.
Lesson: Plankton Plankton Most of the living organisms in the oceans we never see and rarely hear about. They are the plankton that float at or near the surface in ocean and freshwater environments. Plankton
More informationModel building with craft materials Presented to grade 4; appropriate for grades K 12 with age appropriate modifications
Unit: Lesson 1: Oceans of Energy Plankton Summary: In this lesson, students are introduced to phytoplankton and zooplankton as the oceans primary producers and consumers. Lesson includes two activities:
More informationLAB-AIDS Correlations to New Mexico 9-12 Science Standards 1 HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY
LAB-AIDS Correlations to New Mexico 9-12 Science Standards 1 HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY Science and Global Issues: Biology (SGI Biology) is written by the SEPUP group, at the Lawrence Hall of Science, University
More informationDanish Institute for Fisheries Research, Kavalergården 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
Seasonal changes in food quantity and quality for the development and egg production of the common North Sea copepods Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus elongatus 1) Marja Koski, 1) Jörg Dutz and ) Wim
More informationLight and nutrient supply mediate intraspecific variation in the nutrient stoichiometry of juvenile fish
Light and nutrient supply mediate intraspecific variation in the nutrient stoichiometry of juvenile fish Kelsea N. Downs, 1 Nicole M. Hayes, 1,2,3 Amber M. Rock, 1,2 Michael J. Vanni, 1,2, and María J.
More informationZooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware
Zooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware Summary: Zooplankton have evolved specific migration patterns that increase their
More informationA Study of the Predator-Prey Relationship
Name: Block: v3/06 A Study of the Predator-Prey Relationship The predator-prey relationship is important to ecosystems. How can we measure that relationship? It would be difficult to follow a predator
More informationWorksheet information for Ponds in Peril Classroom Experiment Note: For overall background information, refer to the Science Scope article
Worksheet information for Ponds in Peril Classroom Experiment Note: For overall background information, refer to the Science Scope article Worksheet 1: Aquatic Nutrient Pollution - When to use: Beginning
More informationUpper ocean total organic carbon at BATS Remember DOC = ~98% of the TOC.
Upper ocean total organic carbon at BATS Remember DOC = ~98% of the TOC. Note the build up in DOC through the spring and summer, with subsequent export the following winter. Figure courtesy of Craig Carlson,
More informationFRCGC, JAMSTEC ECEM07,
Comparing Optimal Uptake Kinetics and Michaelis-Menten by Assimilating Data from the SERIES Fe-Enrichment Experiment into a Marine Ecosystem Model S. Lan Smith, Naoki Yoshie 2 and Yasuhiro Yamanaka Ecosystem
More informationORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS. Dr. khalid M. Salih
ORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS Dr. khalid M. Salih Definition The study of cooperation and competition for biotic and abiotic parts of the environment needs to know three important things: Habitat which is the
More informationLipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 296: 65 79, 25 Published July 12 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba
More information3.3 Pyramid of Numbers and Pyramid Biomass
3. Energy in Ecosystems 3.1 Energy Transfer and Loss 3.2 Pyramid of energy 3.3 Pyramid of Numbers and Pyramid Biomass Learning Intentions At the end of this section you should be able to: Explain how energy
More informationDietary shifts in the copepod Temora longicornis during spring: evidence from stable isotope signatures, fatty acid biomarkers and feeding experiments
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH j VOLUME 31 j NUMBER 1 j PAGES 45 60 j 2009 Dietary shifts in the copepod Temora longicornis during spring: evidence from stable isotope signatures, fatty acid biomarkers and
More informationLevel 1 Biology, 2014
90929 909290 1SUPERVISOR S Level 1 Biology, 2014 90929 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) 2.00 pm Monday 17 November 2014 Credits: Three Achievement
More informationABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND NUTRIENTS ON FOOD CHAIN EFFICIENCY IN THREE- LEVEL FOOD CHAINS WITH BLUEGILL. by Mia R. Hall
ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND NUTRIENTS ON FOOD CHAIN EFFICIENCY IN THREE- LEVEL FOOD CHAINS WITH BLUEGILL by Mia R. Hall Food chain efficiency in aquatic systems can be constrained by phytoplankton
More informationThe Food Chain. In order to understand the food chain, there are some vocabulary words you should learn. Look at the words and definitions below.
Non-fiction: The Food Chain The Food Chain In order to understand the food chain, there are some vocabulary words you should learn. Look at the words and definitions below. Producers Organisms that make
More informationMangrove ecology: application of fatty acid biomarkers as trophic tracers in the ecosystem
Kaiho Super Science High School Mangrove ecology: application of fatty acid biomarkers as trophic tracers in the ecosystem Prosper Mfilinge Advisor: Prof. Makoto Tsuchiya JSPS Self Introduction What are
More informationDetermine the temporal and spatial distribution of all taxa. as individual counts and as biomass Assess as major taxonomic and functional groups.
2013 TMDL Phytoplankton and Zooplankton monitoring Determine the temporal and spatial distribution of all taxa. as individual counts and as biomass Assess as major taxonomic and functional groups. 2013
More informationDissolved organic matter dynamics in the sea
Dissolved organic matter dynamics in the sea DOC distributions in the Atlantic Marine Microplankton Ecology OCN 626 Matthew Church Figures from Dennis Hansell DOC distributions in the Pacific Basin scale
More informationReality checks on microbial food web interactions in dilution experiments: responses to the comments of Dolan and McKeon
Ocean Science, 1, 39 44, 2005 SRef-ID: 1812-0792/os/2005-1-39 European Geosciences Union Ocean Science Reality checks on microbial food web interactions in dilution experiments: responses to the comments
More informationTitle. Author(s)KURASAWA, Hideo. Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information
Title The Phytoplankton Zooplankton Relationships in Two P Author(s)KURASAWA, Hideo 北海道大學理學部紀要 = JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE HOKKA CitationZOOLOGY, 13(1-4): 180-186 Issue Date 1957-08 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27223
More informationSupplementary data. Dissolved extracellular polymeric substance (deps) dynamics and bacterial growth
Polar Biology Supplementary data Dissolved extracellular polymeric substance (deps) dynamics and bacterial growth during sea ice formation in an ice tank study Shazia N Aslam 1*, Graham J.C. Underwood
More informationA probabilistic method for food web modeling
A probabilistic method for food web modeling Bayesian Networks methodology, challenges, and possibilities Anna Åkesson, Linköping University, Sweden 2 nd international symposium on Ecological Networks,
More informationLecture 13, 09 Oct 2003 Chapter 10 Muscles. Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.
Lecture 13, 09 Oct 2003 Chapter 10 Muscles Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2003 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Bret Pasch Vertebrate Physiology 437 1. Muscles (Ch10) 2. Announcements
More informationThe role of zooplankton in cyanobacteria bloom development in Australian reservoirs
The role of zooplankton in cyanobacteria bloom development in Australian reservoirs Ying Hong B.SC & M.SC (Ecolog y) Submitted in fu lfi lm en t of the req u irem en ts for the degr ee of Doct or of Philosop
More informationBiology 1. Worksheet I
Biology 1 Worksheet I Question #1 What does the first law of thermodynamics state? Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed No energy transformation is 100% efficient How is this law related
More information1162 Notes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(5), 2000, , by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.
1162 Notes Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(5), 2000, 1162 1167 2000, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Stoichiometric theory extended to micronutrients: Comparison of the roles of essential
More informationLake organisms. Those that go where the water takes them. Those that live on the lake bottom. BENTHOS = animals crustaceans, worms molluscs, insects
Lake organisms Those that go where they choose Aquatic organisms may be classified as: Those that go where they choose ( ) Those that go where the water takes them ( ) Those that live on the lake bottom
More informationEutrophication and warming effects on long-term variation of zooplankton in Lake Biwa
Biogeosciences, 8, 1383 1399, 2011 doi:10.5194/bg-8-1383-2011 Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Biogeosciences Eutrophication and warming effects on long-term variation of zooplankton in Lake
More informationAccounting for grazing dynamics in nitrogen-phytoplankton-zooplankton models
Limnol. Oceanogr., 52(2), 2007, 649 661 E 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Accounting for grazing dynamics in nitrogen-phytoplankton-zooplankton models Aditee Mitra and
More informationCarbon cycling and POC turnover in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean: Insights from a simple model
1 Carbon cycling and POC turnover in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean: Insights from a simple model Thomas R. Anderson 1 and Kam W. Tang 2 1. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K. 2.
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF MRIGE INTERNTIONL EXMINTIONS International General ertificate of Secondary Education IOLOGY 0610/01 Paper 1 Multiple hoice October/November 2006 dditional Materials: Multiple hoice nswer
More informationGLOBEC CRUISE HX253 REPORT
GLOBEC CRUISE HX253 REPORT 4 11 December 2001 Funding Source: Chief Scientist: NSF-NOAA (NA-67-RJ-0147) Thomas Weingartner* Institute of Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775-1080 Phone:
More informationHow to Escape a Predator Featured scientists: Amy Worthington and John Swallow from Washington State University and University of Colorado, Denver
How to Escape a Predator Featured scientists: Amy Worthington and John Swallow from Washington State University and University of Colorado, Denver Research Background: Stalk-eyed flies are insects that
More informationDOWNLOAD PDF WHAT SEA ANIMALS EAT (NATURES FOOD CHAINS)
Chapter 1 : What Organisms Eat Seaweed? Sciencing The next level of the marine food chain is made up of animals that feast on the sea's abundant plant life. On the ocean's surface waters, microscopic animalsâ
More informationABSTRACT LIGHT, NUTRIENT, AND PLANKTIVORY EFFECTS ON ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES AND FOOD CHAIN EFFICIENCY. by Jennifer M. Bobson
STRCT LIGHT, NUTRIENT, ND PLNKTIVORY EFFECTS ON ZOOPLNKTON COMMUNITIES ND FOOD CHIN EFFICIENCY by Jennifer M. obson The biomass, production, and community composition of zooplankton are affected by many
More informationEffect of temperature on the growth rate of Tetrahymena thermophila. Rachael Callaghan, Petra Catsi, Pravnit Kooner and Nevrose Mangat
Effect of temperature on the growth rate of Tetrahymena thermophila Rachael Callaghan, Petra Catsi, Pravnit Kooner and Nevrose Mangat Abstract In this experiment we studied the effect of temperature on
More informationUnit 4- Energy & Cell Processes
Unit 4- Energy & Cell Processes Energy in the ecosystem ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Fermentation By: Mrs. Stahl Biology Background knowledge Unit Layout Energy- where does it all come from?
More informationThe American Society of Naturalists
The American Society of Naturalists Population Effects of Natural Selection Author(s): Robert H. MacArthur Source: The American Naturalist, Vol. 95, No. 882 (May - Jun., 1961), pp. 195-199 Published by:
More informationHUMAN NUTRITION 08 MAY 2013
HUMAN NUTRITION 08 MAY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Study the structure of the human digestive system Look at the processes used in the human digestive system Look at the two different types
More informationThree Attempts to Replicate the Behavioral Sunk-Cost Effect: A Note on Cunha and Caldieraro (2009)
Cognitive Science 34 (2010) 1379 1383 Copyright Ó 2010 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0364-0213 print / 1551-6709 online DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01136.x Three Attempts
More informationStudies on nutritional requirements and feed optimization for pikeperch larvae
recent progress in pikeperch culture Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Nancy, France 27. Studies on nutritional requirements and feed optimization for pikeperch larvae Ivar Lund, DTU Aqua N. El Kertaoui;
More informationChapter 12: Marine Mammals. By: Da Lynne Cousar, Megan Dudenbostel, Kyle Nemeth, Matt Boyle, and Steven Miller
Chapter 12: Marine Mammals By: Da Lynne Cousar, Megan Dudenbostel, Kyle Nemeth, Matt Boyle, and Steven Miller Four different kinds of Marine Mammals Cetaceans- includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises
More information3 rd Form BIOLOGY YEARLY CURRICULUM. Text: Anne Tindale (2016) CSEC Biology Revision Credit Hours: 5 Teacher: Mr. Erick Santizo Contact No.
3 rd Form BIOLOGY YEARLY CURRICULUM San Pedro High School San Pedro Town Belize District Telefax: 226-2045 Email Address: esantizo@sphs.edu.bz Text: Anne Tindale (2016) CSEC Biology Revision Credit Hours:
More informationBehavioral flexibility in prey selection by bacterivorous nanoflagellates
NOTES Limnol. Oceanogr., 40(S), 1995, 1503-l 507 0 1995, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Behavioral flexibility in prey selection by bacterivorous nanoflagellates Abstract-We
More informationSteller sea lion decline perspectives
Steller sea lion decline perspectives Andrew W Trites North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium Alaska Aleutian Islands Fishing Predation 4, Abund dance 3, 2, 1, 196 198 2 Competitive
More informationINTRODUCTION. common name: scientific name: Tursiops truncatus
INTRODUCTION The animal I have chosen for this task is the bottlenose dolphin. First thing you would think is what a bottlenose dolphin looks like well it has two flippers on the underside toward the head
More informationSupplemental Tables. Macroalgal. Porewater. Porewater. Water column. Water column. Water column chl a. Porewater.
Supplemental Tables Supplemental Table 1. Test statistics for all response variables measured in clam and control mesocosms in 2009 and 2010. All results are from non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests,
More informationPhytoplankton Cell Size Reduction in Response to Warming Mediated by Nutrient Limitation
Phytoplankton Cell Size Reduction in Response to Warming Mediated by Nutrient Limitation Kalista Higini Peter, Ulrich Sommer* GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany Abstract Shrinking
More informationAssembly of ribosomes begins here. Shapes, supports, and protects the cell
Semester Review Identify the kingdoms that are able to perform cellular respiration. Assembly of ribosomes begins here Shapes, supports, and protects the cell 1 Contrast passive & active transport Describe
More informationTHE ECOLOGY OF SCYPHOZOAN JELLYFISH IN LAKE ILLAWARRA
THE ECOLOGY OF SCYPHOZOAN JELLYFISH IN LAKE ILLAWARRA Kylie A. Pitt 1, Klaus Koop 2, David Rissik 3 and M.J. Kingsford 4 1 Centre for Aquatic Processes and Pollution School of Environmental and Applied
More informationMARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Mar. Ecol. hog. Ser.
Vol. 39: 49-68. 1987 l MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Mar. Ecol. hog. Ser. l Published July 27 Grazing control of phytoplankton stock in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean: a model assessing the role of
More information