Sources and Composition of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter in the Delaware Estuary
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1 Sources and Composition of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter in the Delaware Estuary Hadley McIntosh, Bauer, J.E., and E.A. Canuel Delaware Estuary Science & Environmental Summit 2013: January 30, :15 Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William & Mary Gloucester Point, VA
2 Overview Introduction Estuarine Carbon Cycle Study Site Delaware er and Bay Watershed Sampling Locations Methods Results Terrestrial to Aquatic Ratio for Fatty Acids Radiocarbon Ages of Lipid Fractions Summary
3 Estuarine Carbon Cycle Raymond (2005) Nature Objectives Evaluate the sources and ages of different lipid fractions across the riverestuary-coastal ocean gradient in DE Bay Approaches Used: Lipid biomarker composition of surface water POM and UDOM: sources of OM TAR FA Radiocarbon: identify ages of POM and UDOM Today: neutral and polar total lipid extract (TLE) Still to come: identify ages of POM lipid fractions, source specific biomarkers
4 Delaware Watershed OM Potential OM end-members (and ages) include: Estuarine primary production algae and marsh plants (modern) Runoff from pastureland, farmland, and forests (modern/intermediate) Wastewater effluent (intermediate) Marsh sediments (intermediate) re-exposed Pleistocene sediments (ancient) Marcellus Shale and fossil fuels (ancient)
5 Sampling Locations er 5 cruises Surface water collection ETM Fixed Locations er, Bay Mouth, Coastal Ocean High Turbidity Chl a Max Chl a Max/ High Chl a Bay Mouth Coastal Ocean Variable Locations ETM, Chl a Max, High Chl a
6 Sample Collection Methods Bulk Water ( L) Filter from Bay Mouth Site October 2010 POM > 0.7μm ASE Extract Filtered water UDOM 0.1μm to 1 kda Neutral TLE Polar TLE Same as POM Radiocarbon Sample Lipid Compositio n Sample Same as Neutral Fatty Acid Derivatization Identify Compounds GC and GC/MS Radiocarbon Select FA compounds UDOM from Chl a Max Site October 2011 Photo Courtesy K. Hossler
7 Lipids as Biomarkers Biomarkers are used to determine organic matter sources and reactivity Lipid biomarkers = fatty acids Terrestrial-to-Aquatic ratio (TAR FA ) can show contributions of terrestrial and aquatic OM TAR FA = (C 24:0 +C 26:0 +C 28:0 ) (C 14:0 +C 16:0 +C 18:0 ) (Meyers, 1997) TAR FA = 1 equal terrestrial and aquatic FA
8 Results Terrestrial to Aquatic Ratio FA POM TAR FA UDOM TAR FA Neutral Polar Neutral Polar Surface water POM and UDOM dominated by aquatic OM (i.e., TAR FA <1) TAR FA at er and ETM for POM TAR FA in Oct than Mar. 2011
9 Motivation: Lipid Ages TOC radiocarbon age reflects average of all biochemical compound classes Biochemical classes range in radiocarbon age DE er UDOM lipid fraction oldest compound class modified from Wang et al. 2006
10 Results Radiocarbon POM October 2010 Lipid older than POC Neutral TLE aged relative to Polar TLE
11 Results Radiocarbon POM October 2010 UDOM TLE (Wang et al. 2006) Lipid older than POC Neutral TLE aged relative to Polar TLE POM is younger than UDOM
12 Results Radiocarbon October 2010 Younger Chl Bay M. Chl ETM ETM ETM Older Chl Chl Terrestrial Marine Endmember boxes based on Loh et al and references therein, Griffith et. al 2009
13 Results Radiocarbon October 2010 Younger Chl Chl Bay M. Bay M. ETM ETM ETM Bay M. Older Chl Chl Terrestrial Marine Endmember boxes based on Loh et al and references therein, Griffith et. al 2009
14 Results Radiocarbon October 2010 Younger Chl Chl Bay M. Bay M. ETM ETM ETM Bay M. Chl Older Chl Chl Terrestrial Marine Endmember boxes based on Loh et al and references therein, Griffith et. al 2009
15 Results Radiocarbon Younger Terrestrial OM Wastewater DOC October 2010 Wastewater POC Diss. Humics Bulk DOM Suspended POM Older Petroleum Sedimentary Black Carbon Terrestrial Marine Endmember boxes based on Loh et al and references therein, Griffith et. al 2009
16 Summary Marine primary production main contributor to surface water FA Greater difference in age between neutral and polar TLE in UDOM than in POM Isotope bi-plot suggests bulk POC reflects a mixture of plankton and terrigenous sources along estuary but lipids reflect a range of source and age composition POM TLE: ETM/ Bay Mouth mixture of sources er/ Chl a max similar to petroleum source UDOM TLE: Neutral TLE similar to petroleum and black carbon Polar TLE mixture of sources
17 Acknowledgements Marine Organic Geochemistry lab Past and Present: Sarah Cammer, Matt Mainor, Christie Pondell, Stephanie Salisbury, Erin Tyler Committee Members: Iris Anderson, Carl Friedrichs, Leigh McCallister Amy Barrett, Amber Bellemy, Mary Chang, Michele Cochran, Katie Housler, Jenna Luek, Marta Sanderson, Chris Sommerfield and his lab, Jen Stanhope Many others NSF Ocean Sciences Division Award # to E.A. Canuel and J.E. Bauer Nichols Student Travel Fellowship VIMS Council Fellowship VIMS Student Research Grant VIMS Graduate Student Association(GSA) Mini-Grant Captains and Crew of the R/V H. R. Sharp
18 Questions?
19
20 Results POM Fatty Acid Distribution Cruise 1 August 2010 Cruise 2 October 2010 Cruise 3 March 2011 NA Distance from Bay Mouth (km) Saturated and polyunsaturated FA were most abundant
21 Results UDOM Fatty Acid Distribution October 2010 March 2011 Distance from Bay Mouth (km) FA Concentrations much lower in UDOM Dominated by saturated FA
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