Studies of fish meal in aquafeeds

Transcription

1 JOURNAL OF FISHERIES OF CHINA Vol. 28, No. 5 Oct., 2004 : (2004) ,, (, ) : ; ; ; :S :A Studies of fish meal in aquafeeds YANG Yong, XIE Shou2qi, LIU Jian2kang ( Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan , China) Abstract :As a main protein source in aquafeeds, fish meal has been extensively studied. Fish sources, freshness, processing temperature, lipid quality and microbiological index are five main aspects of the evaluation of fish meal quality. This paper reviewed the researches on fish meal including the evaluation of fish meal quality, the use of fishmeal and the environmental problems. Biogenic amine is the main potential toxin in decomposed fish meal including mainly histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine and most studies showed that they could affect the fish growth performance and health. The determination of protein digestibility of fish meal includes pepsin2digestion method, animal test, capillary electrophoresis, etc. The content of phosphorus in fish meal and its utilization can introduce pollution to water bodies and the use of alternative protein and improvement of utilization of fish meal can help to reduce the pollution from fish meal. Key words :fish meal ; biogenic amine ; phosphorous ; aquafeed, ( 60 %),,, [1 ] 60, t, 1998, ( El Nino), t %, 2000, 35 %, % [2 ],,,,,,, 1, : : ( KSCX ) ; (2001BA505B06) : ( ),,,, Tel : , E2mail com. cn

2 574 28, Hippoglossus hippoglossus [3 ] Scophthalmus maximus [4 ] Sparus aurata [5 ] Anarhichas lupus [6 ],, [7 ], ( TVN) (biogenic amine) TVN, ( ) 100g TVN 50mg, 150mg,, Aksnes [8 ] , Pike Hardy [7 ] ,, ( 1. 3 ) (L T), [9 ], [10 ] [11 ], Clancy [12 ] Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus tsnhawytscha, 100, ( ) 3 anisidinez,,luzzana [13 ],,,,, 1. 2,, Caballero [11 ] ( ), Aksnes [8 ] Mustela vison DC mink ( ) Vergara [5 ], [14 ],,,,,,, ph (ph2shift) ph (ph2stat), [14 ], TVN [15 ], ( GE), GE,, [16,17 ], L T294,,, [14 ],, 1. 3, ( ), ( local hormone) ( ) ( ) ( ),,

3 5 : 575 gizzeosine ( ) ( ), Watanabe [18 ], (pycanosis) ( necrosis),, Fairgrieve [16 ] (2000 mg kg - 1 ),,,, ( 500 mg kg - 1 ), Fairgrieve [19 ], Tapia2 Salazar [20 ] Litopenaeus stylirostris,, mg kg - 1, 8. 8 % [20 ], [21 ] [22 24 ], [21 ] [25 ] 1 4g kg - 1, (13. 3 g kg - 1 ),, [8 ], Tapia2 Salazar [20 ], 100mg,,,, (heterobiotin) [21 ],, [8 ] [3 ] [26 ], Cruz2Suarez [27 ], ( mg kg - 1 ) Tapia2 Salaza [28 ], (559 mg kg - 1 ) (620 mg kg - 1 ) Opstvedt [29 ], ( ) 1587 mg kg - 1,,, 1. 4,, Hardy [14 ],, [7 ], ph [9,17 ], ph [9,30,31 ],, [9,17,32 ], [33 ],, [9,16,17 ], (mink) [34 ] DC mink [17,34 ], DC mink Aksnes Mundheim [3 ], DC mink, DC mink Romero [17 ], Cr 2 O 3,,,

4 :50,,,,, [16,17 ], [16 ],Bassompierre [30 ],, Luzzana [13 ] D -, D - ( ), D - 2,,,, 2. 1, [35 ], % [36 ],,, ph 50 %,, 10 %, [37 ],,,,,,, [38 ],, [37,39 ] 2. 2,,,, 80 % [37,40 ], 100 %, 60 % 80 %,, 1 %, (30 % 40 %),, [41,42 ],, Luzier [43 ] %, Barrias Oliva2Teles [44 ], 35 % 20 %, Lee [45 ], ( Cyprinus carpio L. ) 5 % 10 %, [40,42,46 ],,, [38 ], [47 ] ( ) 60 %, 90 %, [48 ], Hardy [49 ] Riche Brown [41 ] 90 %,,,,, [37 ], 80 % [35,37 ], Shearer Hardy [50 ],,, [37 ],,

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