Lewensoriëntering: Graad 7 - November 2018-eksamenafbakening. 1. Gesondheids-, sosiale en omgewingsverantwoordelikheid: Dwelmmisbruik.

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1 Lewensoriëntering: Graad 7 - November 2018-eksamenafbakening 1. Gesondheids-, sosiale en omgewingsverantwoordelikheid: Dwelmmisbruik. 1.1 Wat is middelmisbruik (4) Middelmisbruik verwys na beide wettige middels (soos alkohol of medisyne) en onwettige middels (soos dwelms) 1.2 Soorte dwelmmisbruik A. Wettige middels Wat is wettige middels (2) Hierdie middels kan wettig aangekoop word. Dit is egter onwettig vir persone onder 18 jaar om alkohol en sigarette te koop of te gebruik in n openbare plek. Voorbeelde (8) 1. Antibiotika 2. Hoesmedisyne 3. Dieetmedisyne 4. Kafeïen (in koffie, cola) 5. Nikotien (in sigarette) 6. Alkohol 7. Petrol 8. Gom B. Onwettige middels Wat is onwettige middels (2) Hierdie middels word deur die wet verbied omdat dit gevaarlik is vir mense se gesondheid. Voorbeelde (7) 1. Dagga 2. Mandrax 3. Ecstasy 4. Tik 5. Kokaïen 6. Heroïen 7. Sugars 1.3 Simptome van middelmisbruik (3) A. Liggaamlike veranderinge (5) 1. Gewigsverlies 2. Slegte gelaatskleur 3. Veluitslag 4. Bewerige hande 5. Konstante moegheid B. Emosionele veranderinge (5) 1. Depressief 2. Blameer ander vir alles 3. Swak selfbeeld 4. Wil alleen wees 5. Swak oordeelsvermoë C. Veranderinge by die skool teenoor ander (5) 1. Skoolpunte daal 2. Bly dikwels uit die skool 3. Dissiplineprobleme 4. Raak in argumente betrokke 5. Nuwe klerestyl

2 1.3 Persoonlike faktore wat bydra tot middelmisbruik (4) Interpersoonlike faktore - Iets binne jouself soos swak selfbeeld Intrapersoonlike faktore - Tussen twee of meer mense soos groepsdruk 2. Gesondheids-, sosiale en omgewingsverantwoordelikheid: Omgewinggesondheid 2.1 Wat is omgewinggesondheid (4) Omgewinggesondheid verwys na die uitwerking van sekere faktore in die omgewing op mense se gesondheid en welsyn. Die omgewing sluit die natuurlike en beboude omgewing in. 2.2 Gesondheidsprobleme in die plaaslike omgewing (2) Omgewinggesondheidsprobleme is n direkte gevolg van n beskadigde of besoedelde omgewing. 2.3 Voorbeelde van gesondheidsprobleme in die plaaslike omgewing (2) A. Waterbesoedeling (3) 1. Mense het skoon, veilige drinkwater nodig 2. Besoedelde water kan siektes veroorsaak 3. In baie plattelandse gebiede is daar nie behoorlike sanitasie of betroubare watervoorsiening nie B. Afvalverwydering en stortingsterreine 1. Stortingsterreine is plekke waar afvalmateriaal onder lae sand begrawe word. (1) 2. Wanneer die afval verrot verander dit in vloeibare afval wat skadelike bakterieë en chemikalieë bevat. Dit trek in die grond in en meng met die grondwater. Wat gevaarlik is vir mens en dier. (3) 3. Stortingsterreine wat nie behoorlik bestuur word nie lok vlieë en rotte wat siektes na nabygeleë woongebiede versprei. (3) 2.4 Projekte om omgewinggesondheidsprobleme te voorkom en te hanteer (2) A. Herwinning van blikkies, glasbottels, papier en plastiek B. Herwinning van organiese afval deur kompos te maak 3. Selfontwikkeling in die samelewing: Persoonlike dieet en voeding 3.1 Persoonlike dieet en voeding A. Faktore wat jou keuse van persoonlike dieet beïnvloed (10) 1. Ekologiese faktore - hoe die kos geproduseer is (organies of natuurlik) 2. Sosiale faktore - invloed van maats en advertensies 3. Ekonomiese faktore - hoe lyk jou finansies 4. Kulturele faktore - godsdienstige oorwegings 5. Politieke faktore - ondersteuning van die regering bv op sekere kos word nie BTW betaal nie B. Maniere om voedingswaarde van eie dieet te verbeter (4) 1. Weet wat n gebalanseerde dieet is 2. Vergelyk wat jy tans eet met n gesonde dieet 3. Verander jou spyskaart na gesonde kosse in die regte hoeveelhede 4. Volg ander eetgewoontes C. Wat is n gebalanseerde dieet (2) n Gebalanseerde dieet moet kossoorte uit die verskillende kosgroepe bevat

3 D. Kosgroepe (12) 1. Koolhidrate - belangrik vir die voorsiening van energie soos pasta 2. Proteïene - bou die liggaam op en help met weerstand teen siektes soos eiers 3. Vette en olies - baie hoë energiewaarde en noodsaaklik vir liggaamsfunksies soos botter 4. Vitamiene en minerale - kom voor in koolhidrate, proteïene, vette en olies en is noodsaaklik vir gesondheid soos vitamien C in lemoene E. Wat is gesonde eetgewoontes (6) 1. Eet gereelde maaltye 2. Eet elke dag kossoorte uit al die kosgroepe 3. Weet wat is n porsiegrootte en hoeveel porsies van elke kossoort jy behoort te eet 4. Eet gesonde happies soos vrugte en joghurt as jy ekstra energie nodig het 5. Moenie etes oorslaan nie 6. Vermy te veel suikerdrankies. Jy moet 8 glase water n dag drink. 4. Gesondheids-, sosiale en omgewingsverantwoordelikheid: Algemene siektes 4.1 Algemene siektes (6) A. Tuberkulose (2) Tuberkulose is n ernstige, aansteeklike siekte wat deur n bakterie veroorsaak word en veral n mens se longe aantas B. Suikersiekte (diabetes) (2) Diabetes is n siekte wat dit moeilik maak vir die liggaam om die bloedsuikervlak te beheer C. Epilepsie (2) Epilepsie is n mediese toestand van die brein; n person kan bewusteloos raak of aanvalle kry met sterk, onbeheerbare stuiptrekkings D. Vetsug (2) Vetsug is n toestand waar n person n baie groot hoeveelheid liggaamsvet het. Oorgewig mense loop die gevaar om n hartsiekte of diabetes te ontwikkel E. Anoreksie (2) Anoreksie is n eetstoornis wat hoofsaaklik by tienermeisies voorkom omdat hulle uitermatig bekommerd raak oor hulle liggaamsbeeld en gewig. F. MIV en VIGS (2) MIV is die virus wat VIGS veroorsaak. Dis n baie ernstige siekte wat die liggaam se vermoë om teen siektes te stry vernietig. 4.2 Wat is jou immuunstelsel (5) n Versameling organe, selle en weefsels wat saamwerk om jou liggaam teen siektes te beskerm. 4.3 Wat veroorsaak siektes in jou liggaam (6) n Patogeen. n Patogeen is n baie klein organisme wat siektes kan veroorsaak, soos n bakterie of n fungus. Dit word gewoonlik n kiem genoem. 4.4 Oorsake van siektes (5) A. Sosiale faktore Sosiale faktore soos familie, godsdiens en leefstyl B. Ekonomiese faktore Mense kan die medikasie en dokters bekostig nie C. Omgewingsfaktore Mense bly dikwels op plekke waar die lug wat hulle inasem ongesond is D. Alkohol en tabak Alkohol en sigarette veroorsaak n voedingstekort wat jou liggaam se immuunstelsel vernietig E. Swak eetgewoontes Jou immuunstelsel kan nie sonder sekere voedingstowwe funksioneer nie. As jy dus gemorskos eer, sal jou liggaam nie patogene kan bestry nie en een of ander tyd gaan jy siek word.

4 Life Orientation: Grade 7 November 2018 What I have to study for the Exam! 1. Health, social and environmental responsibility: Substance abuse. 1.1 What is substance abuse? Substance abuse are both legal substances (like alcohol and medicines) and illegal substances. (drugs). 1.2 Types of substance abuse A. Legal substances (2) Can be legally bought. Persons under the age of 18 are not allowed to buy or use alcohol or cigarettes in public. Examples (8) 1. Antibiotics 2. Cough medication 3. Diet medication 4. Caffeine (in coffee, cola) 5. Nicotine (in cigarettes) 6. Alcohol 7. Petrol 8. Glue B. Illegal substances (2) Substances that are not allowed by the government, because it is dangerous for your health. Examples (7) 1. Dagga 2. Mandrax 3. Ecstacy 4. Tik 5.Cocaine 6. Heroine

5 1.3 Symptoms of substance abuse (3) A. Physical changes (5) 1. Weight loss 2. Bad complexion 3. Skin rashes 4. Shaky hands 5. Constant tiredness B. Emotional changes (5) 1. Depression 2. Blames others for everything 3. Has low self-esteem 4. Wants to be alone 5. Shows poor judgement C. Changes at school and with others (5) 1. School marks drop 2. Often stays away from school 3. Discipline problems 4. Starts arguments often 5. New style in clothes 1.4 Personal factors contributing to substance abuse (4) Interpersonal factors something within yourself as in low self esteem Intrapersonal factors - Between two or more persons peer pressure 2. Health, social and environmental responsibility: Environmental health 2.1 What is environmental health? (4) It refers to the effects of certain factors in the environment on people s health and wellbeing. Environment includes the natural and the built environment. 2.2 Local environmental health problems (2) These problems are a direct result of a damaged or polluted environment. 2.3 Examples of health problems in local environment A. Water pollution (3) 1. People need clean and safe drinking water. 2. It can cause illnesses 3. In many rural areas people don t have proper sanitation or reliable, safe water supply. B. Waste disposal and landfill sites 1. Landfill sites are large areas where waste is dumped. (1) 2. When rubbish breaks down and decomposes, it forms a liquid waste that contains harmful chemicals and bacteria. It soaks into the ground and can get into the groundwater. This is a danger for plants, animals and humans. (3) 3. Landfill sites that are not properly managed attract flies and rats that spread disease to surrounding areas. (3) 2.4 Projects to prevent and deal with environmental health problems A. Recycling of cans, glass bottles, paper and plastic. B. Recycling of organic waste to make compost.

6 3. Development of the self in society: Personal diet and nutrition 3.1 Personal diet and nutrition A. Factors that influence your choice of personal diet: (10) 1. Ecological factors how food is processed (organic or natural) 2. Social factors influence of peers and ads 3. Economic factors look at your budget 4. Cultural factors religious considerations 5. Political factors support from government. Certain food no VAT B. Ways to improve nutritional value of own diet. (4) 1. Know what a balanced diet is 2. Compare what you eat at present with a healthy diet 3. Change your daily menu so it includes the right quantities of the right foods 4. Follow other healthy eating habits C. What is a balanced diet? (2) A balanced diet must contain foods from the different food groups D. Food groups (12) 1. Carbohydrates - provides energy like pasta 2. Proteins build up your body and help you to resist disease like eggs 3. Fats and oils high in energy and essential for body functions like butter 4. Vitamins and minerals present in carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils and essential for health like vitamin C in oranges 4. Health, social and environmental responsibility: Common diseases 4.1 Common diseases (6) A. Tuberculosis (2) caused by a bacterium and grows in lungs and brain B. Diabetes (2) causes the body not to produce enough of the hormone insulin. C. Epilepsy (2) caused by abnormal electric impulses in the brain resulting in seizures. D. Anorexia (2) is an eating disorder that is mainly found in adolescent girls who become overly concerned with their body image and weight.

7 E. HIV and Aids (2) HIV affects the normal functioning of the immune system. HIV is the virus that causes Aids. 4.2 What is your immune system? (5) A collection of organs, cells and tissue that work together to protect your body from disease. 4.3 What causes the diseases in your body? (6) A pathogen. It is a very small organism that can cause disease, such as a bacterium or a fungus. It is called a germ. 4.4 Causes of diseases (5) A. Social factors such as family, religion and lifestyle B. Economic factors people don t have the money for doctors and medication C. Environmental factors Many people live in unhealthy places where the air they breathe is dangerous. D. Alcohol and tobacco cause a nutrition deficiency that destroys the immune system E. Poor eating habits Too much junk food destroy your immune system. Your immune system cannot function without certain nutrients. Your body won t be able to fight off pathogens and sooner or later you will get sick. Good luck, study hard and do your best!