Hoe om Depressie en Bipolêre Versteuring te oorwin. Deur: Dr. Hans Dreyer

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1 Hoe om Depressie en Bipolêre Versteuring te oorwin. Deur: Dr. Hans Dreyer

2 Vyf belangrike Simptome van Depressie Die verandering in gedrag is: 1. Verandering in Werkspatroon 2. Verandering in Sosiale gedrag Die verandering in liggaamsfunksies is: 3. Verandering in Slaap patroon 4. Verandering in Eet patroon 5. Verandering in Seksuele patroon

3 Meer werk Meer sosiaal, (wil mense rondom hom hê) Meer slaap (oorslaap) Meer eet Meer seksuele dryfkrag (hoër libido) OF Minder werk Minder sosiaal, (vermy mense) Minder slaap/kan nie slaap Minder eet Minder seksuele dryfkrag (laer libido)

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5 The male manifistation of Depression is anger

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7 Naam: Oud: Geslag: Daum: 1.Ek voel hartseer, bedroef en af. 2.Vroeg oggend voel ek die beste 3.Ek is, of voel huilerig 4.Ek slaap moeilik 'n nag deur of oorslaap 5.Ek eet soveel soos gewoonlik 6.Ek geniet dit om met "n aantreklike man/vrou te gesels, na te kyk of by te wees 7.Ek kom agter dat ek gewig verloor 8.Ek sukkel met hardlywigheid 9.My hart klop vinniger as gewoonlik 10.Ek raak moeg sonder rede 11.My verstand is so helder soos altyd 12.Ek vind dit maklik om my daaglikse take te doen 13.Ek is rusteloos en kan nie stil sit nie 14.Ek is vol hoop vir die toekoms 15.Ek raak makliker geïriteerd as gewoonlik 16.Ek vind dit maklik om besluite te neem 17.Ek voel onmisbaar en nodig 18.My lewe is baie besig 19.Dit sal vir ander beter wees as ek dood is 20.Ek geniet nog die dinge wat ek altyd geniet het W.W.K. Zung, 1974,1989 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Min tot nooit Soms Meeste van die Tyd SDS Rou telling SDS Indeks telling Totaal

8 Rou Telling SDS Indeks Rou Telling SDS Indeks Rou Telling SDS Indeks

9 SDS Indeks Onder tot tot to tot en meer Die ekwivalent Clinical Global Impressions Binne normale grense - Geen psigopatologie Distimie Lig tot matige minor-depressie Uitgesproke major-depressie Ernstige major-depressie Uiterste major-depressie

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15 3.Endogene depressie: Depressie wat veroorsaak word deur 'n chemiese wanbalans (Serotonien tekort) wat in die depressiewe persoon aan die gang is en waarskynlik oorgeërf is. Dikwels hou dit ook verband met 'n familiegeskiedenis van depressie (Merck bl. 1592).

16 4. Reaktiewe depressie: Depressie wat ontstaan het weens eksterne gebeurtenisse soos die verlies van 'n geliefde, egskeiding, konflik met ouers en nog baie ander faktore, wat uiteindelik ook oorgaan in 'n tekort aan Serotonien (Pug, Louw, Gouws, Meyer P 308)

17 Gedragspatrone wat verander: Werkspatroon verander en Sosiale gedrag verander Liggaamsfunksies wat verander: Slaappatroon verander Eet patroon verander Seksuele dryfkrag verander

18 Regstelling: Dit kan klink asof ek met hierdie simptome slegte gedrag wil goedpraat, of sê dat dit maar so aanvaar moet word. Dit is glad nie so nie.

19 Die goue reël waarmee ek werk is: NEVER ALLOW A PERSON TO USE SICKNESS AS AN EXCUSE FOR BAD OR IRRESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR J E. Adams Klasaantekeninge 1984

20 Dendriet Boodskap Dendriet Sinaps Sinaps Dendriet Sinaptiese-opening Dendriet Boodskap

21 Die probleem is dat die dendriete nie "een aanmekaar stuk senuweebaan is nie maar dit is 'n klomp kort stukkies wat oral met mekaar kontak moet maak. Serotonien-molekule Dendriet Dendriet Sinaptiese-opening

22 CHEMIESE PROSESSE IN DEPRESSIE As hierdie man in die verkeer ry en sy oog sien 'n rooi lig, dan moet die oog vir die been laat weet hy moet die rem trap om te kan stilhou.

23 ROOI LIG Die boodskap word nou deur die liggaam gestuur sodat die been die rem kan trap en die motor betyds kan stilhou. Hierdie boodskap word deur die senuweebane gestuur wat soos 'n netwerk fyn kabeltjies deur die hele liggaam loop. Die senuweebaan is nie een aanmekaar Dendriet Dendriet kabel nie, maar kort stukkies kabel (dendriete) wat aanmekaar las. ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG

24 SEROTONIEN-MOLEKULES IS SOOS 'N KRUIWA Dendriet ROOI LIG Dendriet ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG

25 IN SY MEES VEREENVOUDIGDE VORM BETEKEN DEPRESSIE DAT DAAR TE MIN SEROTONIEN-MOLEKULES IS Boodskap word nie oorgedra Dendriet Dendriet

26 Dendriet Sirkel Denke Dendriet

27 SSRI "proppies" verhoed die serotonienmolekule om na volgende dendriet te gaan, maar laat boodskap (rooilig) deur. ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG ROOI LIG SSRI is 'n afkorting: Selective Serotonien-kruiwa kan 'n Serotonin volgende impuls gaan haal Re-uptake Inhibitor

28 Oorsake van Depressie en Behandeling 1Chemiese wanbalans Die grootste oorsaak van depressie is 'n chemiese wanbalans. Negatiewe Denke 'n Groot oorsaak van depressie is negatiewe denkpatrone. Eksterne faktore Daar is soms ook eksterne sake wat die spanning verhoog en die depressie aanhelp: 1 3 Medikasie Antidepressante keer dat die serotonienmolekule nie vernietig word nie. Vernuwing van denke Die persoon moet geleer word om anders te dink. Vernuwing van denke. Rom 12:2 Eksterne faktore Hierdie probleme moet ook reggestel word sover moontlik.

29 NORMALE BEVOLKING Remissie Herstel DISTIMIE Herhaling LIG TOT MATIGE DEPRESSIE Reaksie Terugval Terugval UITGESPROKE DEPRESSIE ERNSTIGE DEPRESSIE UITERSTE DEPRESSIE BEHANDELINGSFASES Akute (6-12 weke) TYD Verloop Met Medikasie Simptoom Vry (4-9 maande) Instandhouding (1 of meer jaar)

30 MANIESE STADIUM km/h HIPOMANIESE STADIUM SUPERIEURE STADIUM km/h km/h NORMALE BEVOLKING km/h DISTIMIE km/h LIG TOT MATIGE DEPRESSIE 60-80km/h UITGESPROKE DEPRESSIE 40-60km/h ERNSTIGE DEPRESSIE 20-40km/h UITERSTE DEPRESSIE 0-20 km/h

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34 MANIESE STADIUM km/h HIPOMANIESE STADIUM SUPERIEURE STADIUM km/h km/h NORMALE BEVOLKING km/h DISTIMIE km/h LIG TOT MATIGE DEPRESSIE 60-80km/h UITGESPROKE DEPRESSIE 40-60km/h ERNSTIGE DEPRESSIE 20-40km/h UITERSTE DEPRESSIE 0-20 km/h

35 MANIESE STADIUM km/h HIPOMANIESE STADIUM SUPERIEURE STADIUM km/h km/h NORMALE BEVOLKING km/h DISTIMIE km/h LIG TOT MATIGE DEPRESSIE 60-80km/h UITGESPROKE DEPRESSIE 40-60km/h ERNSTIGE DEPRESSIE 20-40km/h UITERSTE DEPRESSIE 0-20 km/h

36 PHASES OF UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR DEPRESSION 180KM/H 160KM/H 120KM/H 100KM/H Severe Elevated Mania Moderate Elevated Hipo-Mania Mild Elevated Normal population Uninhibited Behaviour Significant impairment Not able to work Agitated Performance Significant impairment Able to work Super Performance without significant impairment Able to work SDS score = -25 to KM/H 60KM/H 40KM/H 20KM/H Distemic disorder Mild Depression Moderate Depression Severe Depression Poor Performance SDS score = -41 to -50 Bad(No) Performance SDS score = -51 to -60 Significant impairment able to work SDS score = -61 to -70 Significant impairment Not able to work SDS score = -71 to -80 less than -80 is Extreme Depression Unipolar mood disorder Bipolar mood disorder

37 PHASES OF UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION 180KM/H 160KM/H 120KM/H 100KM/H Severe Elevated Mania Moderate Elevated Hipo-Mania Mild Elevated Normal population Uninhibited Behaviour Significant impairment Not able to work Agitated Performance Significant impairment Able to work Super Performance without significant impairment Able to work SDS score = -25 to KM/H 60KM/H 40KM/H 20KM/H Distemic disorder Mild Depression Moderate Depression Severe Depression Poor Performance SDS score = -41 to -50 Bad(No) Performance SDS score = -51 to -60 Significant impairment able to work SDS score = -61 to -70 Significant impairment Not able to work SDS score = -71 to -80 less than -80 is Extreme Depression Unipolar mood disorder Bipolar mood disorder

38 PHASES OF BIPOLAR DEPRESSION 180KM/H 160KM/H 120KM/H 100KM/H Severe Elevated Mania Moderate Elevated Hipo-Mania Mild Elevated Normal population Uninhibited Behaviour Significant impairment Not able to work Agitated Performance Significant impairment Able to work Super Performance without significant impairment Able to work SDS score = -25 to KM/H 60KM/H 40KM/H 20KM/H Distemic disorder Mild Depression Moderate Depression Severe Depression Poor Performance SDS score = -41 to -50 Bad(No) Performance SDS score = -51 to -60 Significant impairment able to work SDS score = -61 to -70 Significant impairment Not able to work SDS score = -71 to -80 less than -80 is Extreme Depression Unipolar mood disorder Bipolar mood disorder

39 DOPAMIEN LOMERIG VREESAGTIG EN ANGSTIG BEWEGINGS WORD STADIG ERVAAR GEEN PLESIER NIE HUMEURIG ONOPLETTEND SWAK KONSENTRASIE VERWERK INLIGTING STADIG NORADRINALIEN BEWEGINGS WORD STADIG VERGEETAGTIG DEPRESSIEF SEROTONIEN DEPRESSIEF ANGSTIG PANIEKERIG FOBIES OBSESSIEF KOMPULSIEF EETERIG

40 DOPAMIEN LOMERIG VREESAGTIG EN ANGSTIG BEWEGINGS WORD STADIG ERVAAR GEEN PLESIER NIE HUMEURIG Moegheid Lae energie Tekort aan motiveering Mood NORADRINALIEN ONOPLETTEND SWAK KONSENTRASIE VERWERK INLIGTING STADIG BEWEGINGS WORD STADIG VERGEETAGTIG DEPRESSIEF DEPRESSIEF ANGSTIG PANIEKERIG FOBIES OBSESSIEF KOMPULSIEF EETERIG SEROTONIEN

41 DOPAMIEN SR 1 NORADRINALIEN LOMERIG VREESAGTIG EN ANGSTIG BEWEGINGS WORD STADIG ERVAAR GEEN PLESIER NIE HUMEURIG Moegheid 2 Lae energie Tekort aan motiveering (NDRI ) Mood MAOIs 1 ONOPLETTEND SWAK KONSENTRASIE VERWERK INLIGTING STADIG BEWEGINGS WORD STADIG VERGEETAGTIG DEPRESSIEF SSRIs SNRIs 1 DEPRESSIEF ANGSTIG PANIEKERIG FOBIES OBSESSIEF KOMPULSIEF EETERIG 3 TCAs SEROTONIEN 1

42 The Pharmacology behind depression and antidepressants DOPAMINE 4 inability to experience pleasure psychomotor slowing failure to seek reward 1 SR fatigue 2 low energy lack of motivation (NDRI ) MAOIs NORADRINALNE 1 impaired attention problems concentrating deficiencies in working memory slowness of information processing depressed mood psychomotor retardation SNRIs 1 SSRIs 3 depression anxiety panic phobias obsessions compulsions food cravings SEROTONIN TCAs Adapted from Stahl and Schmidt et al Noradrenaline dopamine re-uptake inhibitor Tricyclic antidepressants Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors Serotonin-noradrenaline re-uptakers Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

43 MANIESE STADIUM HIPOMANIESE STADIUM ANTIPSIGOTIESE MIDDEL km/h km/h SUPERIEURE STADIUM GEMOEDSTABILISEERDER km/h NORMALE BEVOLKING km/h DISTIMIE GEMOEDSTABILISEERDER km/h LIG TOT MATIGE DEPRESSIE 60-80km/h ANTIDEPRESANT

44 My Grafiek om ups and downs te plot SDS km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h 60-80km/h 40-60km/h 20-40km/h 0-20 km/h Datums:

45 MANIESE STADIUM HIPOMANIESE STADIUM SUPERIEURE STADIUM NORMALE BEVOLKING DISTIMIE LIG TOT MATIGE DEPRESSIE UITGESPROKE DEPRESSIE ERNSTIGE DEPRESSIE UITERSTE DEPRESSIE WEEK TYDSDUUR

46 MANIES HIPOMANIES SUPERIEUR WEEK TYDSDUUR

47 FILTER Filter funksioneer normaal Filter funksioneer nie behoorlik nie Blokeer onnodige eksterne stimuli Sensoriese oorbelading

48 WHO NEEDS MAINTENANCE THERAPY? Patients with 3 Prior Episodes Patients with 2 Risk Factors for Recurrence: - Family Hx of Affective Disorder - Hx of Frequent Episodes - Long Duration of Individual episodes - Poor Sx Control During Continuation - Onset After age 60 - Double Depression - Comorbid Anxiety Disorder or Substance Abuse Keller and Boland, Biol Psychiatry. 1998; 44;348

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